Everyone knows the theory of "Western learning and origin" in the early Ming and early Qing dynasties, and correspondingly, in the early Qing dynasties, people who taught in the early Qing dynasties once promoted a kind of Chinese race to the West.
As the "Xiaogui" in "Biographies of Taoists" says: In ancient times, there was no book and history to be examined. However, after the Qin fire, the ancient Confucian traditions were lost. Therefore, the Chinese classics and Chinese books that are recorded in "Jian" and "History" have no certainty. Therefore, after studying the Western histories, the divine master's instructions, the ancient scriptures still exist, so we will include them in detail. As expected, the East China Sea and the West Sea are the same, and they are the same lineage. ...Before heaven and earth, the master of Haotian is silent and odorless, and is endless. With his omnipotence, he lives the four elements of Yin and Yang, fire, water and earth, and opens up the universe and creates all gatherings. He transformed the land into the ancestor of human beings. The man was called Adam, and the woman was called Ersoon, and he was matched with a couple to pass on to human beings. The father and son Gongsun were passed down from generation to generation to the thirteenth generation descendants. The name Fuxi began to enter China and became the king of the emperor. The people's residences began to exist in the painting land. From now on, the age of dynasties can be verified one by one, and it is in line with the Western Paradise. (Volume 35 of Ruan Yuan's "Biography of Chou Ren")
Li Zubai's "Biography of Tianxue" also has similar statements, and the discussion is relatively detailed. It briefly says: God God opened up the universe, and was born to the first generation, with one man and one woman. The descendants of the first generation lived in Deya (referred to the notes: now translated as "Jewish"), and there were no one living in the east, west, south and north. It is necessary to work together and follow one religion, and all evil sayings are born out of their own. Their teeth grew and they were scattered, and they were scattered in the four mountains. However, the beginning of the world and the west was slightly the same at that time. The history of the study was studied and was recommended to the past years and was the Fuxi family in China. Since it is not Fuxi, it must be the beginning of Fuxi not far away, which is the beginning of the Chinese people. This is the first Chinese people, like the Miao descendants of Deya, from the west to the east, and the heavenly learning is what they think of. If you grow up with descendants and pass on family knowledge, you will learn from Zhongxia and will surely prosper in this world. After the Tang and Yu periods, the king and ministers warned the court, and the sages were given the instructions from the emperor and the emperor, and they often called the emperor to be the emperor and encouraged him. Is it accidental to have something to receive?
It is seen in the Book of the Book of the People: "Seeing God", "The decree of decree is at peace"; the Book of the People: "King Wen is above, and in heaven"; the Lu Lu Lu says: "There is nothing to pray for when he is guilty of the heaven"; the Doctrine of the Mean says: "The etiquette of the suburbs is to serve God"; the Mencius says: "Those who like to prosper the heavens will protect the world." All these words are the subtle words of the Heavenly Learner? If we examine this, then there will be no innate scholars in China's teachings. (Yang Guangxian's "Unnecessary")
Li Zubai (-1665), an astronomer and Catholic priest from the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty in China.
This Chinese civilization in the West is obviously not the creation theory of Chinese religious figures, but the bold hypothesis of the Jesuits who came to China. Like the theory of "Western Learning and Middle Origin", it was developed based on the idea of "East Sea, West Sea, the same mind and the same mind" by Matteo Ricci and others using Chinese classics, Catholicism and Li Zhizao, Xu Guangqi and others, but the conclusions of the two are exactly the opposite.
Compared with the theory of "Western learning and origin", this Chinese civilization is more far-fetched, arbitrary and bold in the West. It actually concluded with a sentence "Taking the history books and deducing them from previous years" that Fuxi was the thirteenth generation descendant of God, the Chinese were the descendants of Jews, and even the ancient Chinese monarchs and ministers who were just the "school of heaven" of Catholicism. These conclusions are really shocking. For Chinese scholars who always regard China as the world center and where civilization is located, this is simply an insult and intolerable.
Yang Guangxian (1595-1669)
No wonder Yang Guangxian (1595-1669) who was teaching in a row, saw this and kept holding on. Xu Zhijian, who wrote a book to write a preface to "The Biography of Heaven and Learning", said: "What is the meaning of this evil saying from , Wuduo, what is the meaning of this evil saying? In the past, Matteo Ricci quoted the sages of Zhongxia's sages and sages to embellish his cults. Now, Zubai directly said that the biblical sages of Zhongxia is a subtle word of the French language of the cult. Can Zubai's crimes be punished? " The same book also said: ", Zubai, is the book, and is the virtue of the Qing Dynasty, and is the descendants of the cults. It is the essence of the cults of the Qing Dynasty and the ancient sages of the ancient sages, and is the essence of the cults. It is not just a matter of delusion! In fact, he wanted to use the Qing Dynasty to rebel against the Qing Dynasty and follow the cults to follow the cults. This is to lead the world to have no king or father."
In short, the Chinese are all descendants of Jews, which is undoubtedly a monarch and fatherless word.
Li Zubai's "Tianxue Biography" became a breakthrough for Yang Guangxian to oppose the religion. On July 26, 2011, the third year of Kangxi, Yang Guangxian went to the Ministry of Rites to submit a letter of "please punish the cult", and attached the "Tianxue Biography" and other evidence. It finally attracted the attention of the Qing court, which triggered the "Kangxi Li Jue" that is famous at home and abroad. After more than a year of trial, John Tang was finally expelled from the Imperial Heaven Prison, and Li Zubai and others were executed. Later, although Yang Guangxian was defeated by ignoring the calendar, the behavior of the Jesuits aroused the suspicion of the Qing court.
Therefore, after rehabilitating the "Calendar Prison", although Nan Huairen and others returned to the Imperial Heaven Supervision Calendar, the supervision affairs were taken over by the Manchu and Han magistrates organized by Kangxi. After Kangxi rehabilitated Tang Johnson and cleared Li Zubai and others, Li Lies (Louis Buglio, 1606-1682) wrote books such as "Unable Distinguishing" and "Chongzheng Must Distinguish" to refute Yang Guangxian's "Unable Distinguishing". Among them, although they argued with Yang Shu on the calendar and Catholic doctrine, they did not dare to seriously consider the saying " Fuxi is the Miao Desert of God ". After that, the priests in China did not advocate this saying that Chinese civilization came from the west. All this shows that this statement is very likely to arouse the disgust of the Chinese, so it is also hidden by the priests.
However, due to Yang Guangxian's refutation, this Chinese civilization in the West spread wildly. Although later scholars did not understand the problem (for their indecent taming), Wang Xichan, Wang Fuzhi and others tried their best to prove that Western learning was originally China and promoted the high school, which was all insidiously trying to break the fallacy of the theory of "Chinese people coming to the West". Until the Qianjia period, Qian Daxin's postscript to "The Unstoppable" still praised: " It is against Jesus' paganism and prohibited people from preaching, which is not without merit and fame. "
Ruan Yuan and others compiled "Biography of Chou Ren", and also excerpted the "Solar Eclipse and Earthly Expectations" in "Unnecessary" (including refuting the Western Civilization of Chinese Civilization) in the book Yang Guangxian's text. Qian and Ruan were masters of Qian and Jiaqing Han Chinese studies, and were also famous scholars who advocated the "West Learning of the Middle Origin" at that time, especially the book "Chou Ren Biography" edited by Ruan Yuan, which is a representative work of discussing the "Western Learning of the Middle Origin" in the Qian and Jiaqing era.
It can be seen that the changes in meaning and their spread in the "Western Learning of the Middle Origin" theory are also closely related to the "Chinese Civilization of the West" propaganda propaganda by Jesuits and religious figures.
We see that this theory was born out of the academic dispute between China and the West, and at the same time changed with the development of the dispute between China and the West. When Xiong Mingyu and others proposed the theory of "Western Learning and the Middle Origin", their intention was to downplay the dispute between China and the West and narrow the gap between China and the West; however, with the changes in the times, this theory became the ideological basis for some scholars of the early Qing Dynasty to denounce or even resist Western learning. Unexpectedly, after the middle of the Kangxi period, Emperor Kangxi adopted Western science in order to extinguish the dispute between China and the West, and vigorously advocated and promoted the theory of "Western Learning and the Middle Origin", thus making this theory an official imperial doctrine in the Qing Dynasty.
Kangxi's publicity of the theory of "Western Learning and Middle Origin" played a very important role in the spread of Western calendar mathematics in the Qing Dynasty, but during the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, the theory of "Western Learning and Middle Origin" that derogated Western learning gradually rose, becoming a major obstacle to understanding and accepting Western science at that time. The theory of "Western Learning and Middle Origin" with these two tendencies is related, and there are also great differences, which are the same but strange, and need to be distinguished. Contemporary scholars always ignore this theory, thinking that this theory led Western learning to the east to the path of restoring ancient Chinese law, and even thought that the backwardness of modern Chinese science was also due to the popularity of this theory. In fact, the theory of "Western Learning and Middle Origin" itself changed with the changes of the times and academic style. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, some people also advocated the introduction of Western learning, while others used it to belittle and resist Western learning.
