Today, I will introduce to you the famous generals of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and see how many you know.
1, Qinkai .
Qin Kai is a 3 general of Yan State. He was a hostage in Donghu in his early years and was deeply trusted by Donghu. In 300 BC, King Zhao of Yan ordered Qin Kai to be a general and attacked Donghu. Donghu retreated northward, and Yan State opened more than 2,000 miles. Qin Kai attacked the Ji family and went straight to Manfan Khan (now Boling Ancient City in Bochuan County west of the Qingchuan River), and took a thousand miles of land. The Yan State established five counties: Shanggu (now Huailai, Hebei), Yuyang (now Miyun, Beijing), Right Beiping (now Pingquan, Hebei), Western Liao and Liaodong. It was once second only to Qin and Chu in terms of territory, and ranked third among the countries. Qin Kai also built the Great Wall on the northern border of Yan State. Yan Great Wall starts from Zaoyang in the west (now Zhangjiakou ) and goes east to Xiangping (now Liaoyang ).
Yan led Qin to attack Donghu, build the Great Wall, and set up counties, expanding advanced production methods and progressive social systems to Northeast region , extending civilization to the wilderness. The five counties in Liaodong are the turning point for the Northeast region to enter the Chinese civilization system. Among them, the jurisdiction of Yuyang County includes today's Beijing area, which is an important symbol in Beijing's history. In order to commemorate Qin Kai, descendants of Qin Kai cast bronze statues weighing more than 50 tons in Wulihe Park in the south of Chengnan City, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province.
2, Sima chou.
Sima Cuo was a famous general of the Qin State during the Warring States Period, a strategist and strategist, and he was the great-grandfather of historian Sima Qian .
In 316 BC, Sima Cuo advocated that "if you get Shu, you will get Chu", and led a large army to destroy Ancient Shu Kingdom, and included the current Sichuan Basin into the territory of Qin.
In 301 BC, the county magistrate of Shu rebelled against Qin, Sima Cuo was ordered to attack the rebels, and the Shu rebellion was quelled.
In 295 BC, Sima chou attacked Wei and seized the land, and then seized 61 cities in Wei.
In 291 BC, Sima Cuo attacked Han and seized Deng's land.
In 280 BC, Sima Cuo led his army to attack Chu State, forcing Chu State to ced the Han River and the area north of the Han River to Qin State.
3, Wang Jian .
Wang Jian was a famous military strategist of Qin during the Warring States Period and an important figure in the unification of the Qin State. In 229 BC, Wang Jian led his army to defeat the Zhao army, captured the capital of Handan, and Zhao State was destroyed.
In 227 BC, Jing Ke failed to assassinate the King of Qin . Wang Jian led a large army to defeat the Yan State army and captured the capital of Yan State Ji. King Yan Xi fled to the Liaodong . Yan State was in name only.
In 224 BC, Wang Jian led an army of 600,000 to the south, defeated the Chu army, killed Yan , captured the King of Chu, and destroyed the Chu State.
Wang Jian’s tomb is located in Juxian Village, northeast of Fuping County, Shaanxi Province. It is 40 meters long from north to south, 30 meters wide from east to west and 9 meters high.
Wang Jian's son Wang Ben is an important general in unifying the six kingdoms.
In 226 BC, Wang Ben defeated the Chu army and captured more than a dozen cities.
In 225 BC, Wang Ben flooded Daliang and destroyed Wei State .
In 222 BC, Wang Ben captured Liaodong, destroyed Yan State, and then destroyed the remnants of Zhao State.
In 221 BC, Wang Ben led his army to destroy Qi , and since then Qin unified the six kingdoms.
4, Wu Qi.
Wu Qi (440 BC to 381 BC), his ancestral home is Wei State, and has served in the Lu, Wei and Chu states. He is a famous military strategist, politician, and reformer in the Warring States Period and the representative of military strategists. Later generations called Wu Qi and Sun Wu together, which was called " Sun Wu ".
In 412 BC, Wu Qi killed his wife and asked for generals, and led the army of Lu State to defeat the invading Qi army.
In 409 BC, Wu Qi was the chief general of Wei and conquered the Xihe area of Qin. The following year, he attacked Qin again and fought until Zheng County . The Qin State was powerless to resist and was forced to retreat to Luoshui to defend. During the period when Wu Qi was stationed in Xihe, he reformed the military system, established the Wuzhang system, and built Wucheng (now Xiaoyi City, Shanxi).
In 387 BC, the State of Wei took Wu Qi as its general and led its army to attack Qi and attacked Lingqiu. In the same year, it was slandered and forced to defect to Chu.Wu Qi carried out reforms in Chu, which made Chu powerful. He attacked Baiyue to the south, and the territory continued to expand. However, Wu Qi's reforms aroused resentment from the Chu nobles, and the nobles shot and killed Wu Qi in 381 BC.
Wu Qi is a famous military strategist in Chinese history. He has written the book " Wu Zi's Art of War ". He advocates combining politics and military affairs, advocates taking a cautious attitude towards war, and opposing military militancy.
Wu Qi was a general throughout his life and never lost. Later generations called him and his grandson's military thoughts "Sun Wu's Art of War", which occupies an important position in Chinese history.
In 1819 AD, in order to commemorate Wu Qi, the local government of the Qing Dynasty established Wu Qi Town in the place where Wu Qi once stationed. Later, in 1942, it was renamed Wu Qi County , which was under the jurisdiction of Yan'an.
5, Bai Qi.
Bai Qi (315 BC to 257 BC) was a famous military strategist in the Warring States Period. He was a famous general of the Qin State, familiar with military tactics and was good at using troops. He defeated Wei and attacked Chu and swept Han and trapped Zhao. He never lost in his life. Later generations called him the "God of War".
In 293 BC, Bai Qi led his army to attack the two countries of Han and Wei, destroyed 240,000 of his coalition forces, and crossed the Yellow River to capture a large area of land in South Korea, becoming famous in one battle.
In 292 BC, Bai Qi attacked Wei again and seized more than 60 cities in Wei State.
From 281 BC to 279 BC, Bai Qi led his army to attack Chu, occupied a large area of land, captured Yingdu, and burned the ancestral tomb of the King of Chu. The State of Chu never recovered from then on.
In 274 BC, Bai Qi led his army to attack the Zhao-Wei coalition forces that rescued South Korea, defeated its three-country coalition forces in Huayang, beheaded 130,000, and drowned 20,000 Zhao soldiers.
In 265 BC, Bai Qi led his army to attack South Korea, occupying five cities and beheading 50,000.
From 262 BC to 260 BC, Bai Qi led his army to fight with Zhao in the Changping area. The Qin army won a great victory and killed 450,000 Zhao troops.
Bai Qi had more than 70 battles in his life, but he had no defeat. His Battle of Changping set the earliest and largest precedent of encirclement and annihilation war in Chinese history.
According to Liang Qichao's verification, a total of 2 million people died in battle during the Warring States Period, and Bai Qi killed more than 1 million people!
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The characteristics of Bai Qi's combat are: ①, not the only goal of siegeing the city and seizing the enemy, but the main goal is to annihilate the enemy's living forces, be good at field attacks, and must seek annihilation in battle. He is one of the most famous generals in Chinese history who is good at fighting annihilation wars. ②, Bai Qi's annihilation battle pursues the enemy relentlessly, and strives to completely annihilate it. ③, Bai Qi attached great importance to field battle fortifications. This kind of combat guiding ideology, which used fortifications as an auxiliary means of offensive, was the first to be founded at that time.
Mao’s evaluation of Bai Qi is: In terms of annihilation war, no one has surpassed him in a thousand years.
6, Leyi .
Le Yi was originally from Zhongshan, assisting King Zhao of Yan to revitalize Yan State and became an outstanding military strategist in the late Warring States Period.
In 284 BC, Le Yi commanded the coalition forces of the five countries, including Yan, Chu, Han, Wei, Zhao, etc., and attacked Qi, leading more than 70 cities in a row, creating a famous example of defeating the strong in the history of ancient Chinese wars.
Le Yi believes that relying solely on force, he cannot convince his heart if he breaks the city. If the people are not convinced, he will not consolidate even if he has occupied Qi. Therefore, he implemented tax reduction, abolished harsh policies for the occupied areas, respected local customs and habits, and preferential treatment of local celebrities. However, this was suspicious of King Hui of Yan and was forced to defect to Zhao.
The famous "Book of King Hui of Yan" in history is said to have been written by Le Yi.
Leyi Village is located in Mafang Township, Heshun County, Shanxi Province. It is surrounded by wild mountains and ridges and crisscrossing ditches and streams. It is still remote and closed. It is said to be the place where Leyi, a famous general of the Warring States Period, lived after being slandered. Most of the residents in the village have the surname "yao", and it is said to be the descendants of Leyi.
Leyi Tomb is located in Dalebao Village, Handan City, Hebei Province today. It was built by later generations to commemorate Leyi and covers an area of up to 4 square meters.
7, Sun Bin .
Sun Bin was a military strategist during the Warring States Period. In 353 BC and 342 BC, he helped Qi general Tian Ji defeat Wei twice, and won the Battle of Guiling and the Battle of Maling and laying the foundation for Qi's hegemony. He wrote " Sun Bin's Art of War ", 89 volumes of text, and 4 volumes of figure.
Sun Bin advocates attaching importance to and treating war cautiously. He opposes military militancy, opposes blind warfare, advocates "stop war with war", and emphasizes that the hearts of the people and the army are the decisive factors for winning the war.
8, grandson.
grandson, famous as Wu, was born in Qi, was a native of Wu, and was a famous military strategist and strategist in Chinese history. He was later called the "ancestor of military studies".
In 532 BC, Sun Wu fled from Qi to Wu, devoted himself to studying military tactics, and wrote 13 articles of "Sun Tzu".
In 506 BC, the battle between Wu and Chu began. Sun Wu commanded the Wu army in . In the Battle of Baiju, rushing thousands of miles, winning five battles and five victories, breaking through Chu capital, digging the grave and whipping the corpse, creating a miracle in Chinese history that wins more with few wins.
In 494 BC, Goujian attacked the Wu Kingdom. Under the leadership of Wu Zixu and Sun Wu, the Wu army defeated the Yue army, and Goujian had no choice but to seek peace.
9, Meng Tian .
Meng Tian (259 BC-210 BC), Ji surnamed Meng family, was born in Qi and a famous general of Qin.
In 221 AD, Meng Tian led his army to attack Qi State and was named the Inner Historian for his merits.
After Qin State annexed the six countries, he ordered Meng Tian to lead an army of 300,000 to attack Huns, recover the land in Henan, and set up 34 counties. The Great Wall was built later, which stretched for thousands of miles, effectively curbing the Xiongnu's going south. Meng Tian also drove a straight road from Jiuyuan County to Xianyang . The total length was 1,800 miles, which shocked the Huns.
There are many famous generals in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as Lianpo , Zhao She , Zhao Kuo , Xiang Yan, Zhang Han , Kuang Zhang, Tian Dan , Zhao Tuo, etc., but Louwaixiyue believes that in the pre-Qin period, Bai Qi was the one with the strongest and most powerful war ability, and he undoubtedly should be China's number one god of war!
