On December 9, 1949, the Yunnan webmaster of the Kuomintang Secret Service in Kunming and the spy leader, Shen Zui , received an invitation to invite him to a banquet to welcome Zhang Qun, the newly arrived military and political chief. The signature was Lu Han, Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, located by Cuihu Lake in Kunming, Lu's luxury French villa.
Shen Zui didn't care about this Lu Han.
Although this person is nominally a commander in Yunnan, his two Yunnan people formed the direct lineage of the 60th Army and the 93rd Army to surrender to the Communist Party on the Northeast battlefield respectively.
Now the control of the Yunnan army is in the hands of Tang Yao sent by Chiang Kai-shek , and Lu Han is just a nameless empty shell chairman.
, and Shen Zui controls all the elite spies in Yunnan. He always acts on his own and never looks at Lu Han's face. He once humiliated the other party without naming the name and should not occupy the position of the provincial chairman. Everyone knows the conflicts between the two sides.
However, Zhang Qun was a classmate and friend of Chiang Kai-shek's study in Japan. He had been in the same position and was of high power for decades. Shen Zui never dared to lose his face and could only go to the appointment on time.
As soon as he arrived at the place, Shen Zui sighed to the sky, saying that he shouldn’t have been, and actually underestimated Lu Han, the last "King of Yunnan".
Bloody Battle Xuzhou
Yuwang Mountain, Daizhuang Town, Pizhou City, Xuzhou, is a small earth bun with a hundred meters high. There is a big pit piled up with sandbags on the top of the mountain. The mountain is surrounded by wild forests and weeds.
In fact, dozens of acres of valleys and forests are stretched around. For decades, local farmers will dig out a large number of human remains from the ground when they replant and build. Under the soil pit on the top of the mountain, more than 4,000 remains are buried.
These seemingly holocaust victims are not locals. Back to April 8, 1938, the Chinese army annihilated 12,000 Japanese troops and won the first " Taierzhuang Victory " since the War of Resistance Against Japan. Taierzhuang is located in Shandong to the north of Yuwang Mountain. The two places are closely connected and their lips and teeth are dependent on each other.
After the defeat, the Japanese army fell into furious and mobilized 300,000 main force and a large number of heavy equipment to attack Taierzhuang. The Kuomintang defenders Tang Enbo and Sun Lianzhong's troops failed to resist the enemy and retreated step by step, with a tight position. Taierzhuang was about to lose.
In crisis, Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren handed over a 40,000 troops to Sun Lianzhong. Surprisingly, this army not only equipped with advanced weapons produced by France and Belgium , but also had high-quality foreign arms such as machine gun , heavy machine gun , mortar , anti-aircraft gun , German mountain cannons, etc., which were almost comparable to the Japanese army's equipment.
This is the Yunnan Provincial Chairman Long Yun took out his wealth and allocated elite troops to support the battlefield in North China. The 60th Army of the Yunnan Army, the commander of Long Yun's cousin Lu Han. On April 21, the train transported the 60th army from Henan to Cheyangshan Station in southern Taierzhuang, kicking off the prelude to the Yunnan soldiers fighting the Japanese invaders alone in southern Taierzhuang.
What follows is the glorious history of the Anti-Japanese War written in the blood of Yunnan people on the northern Jiangsu Province. The "Yuwangshan Blocking Battle" was almost entirely , the Yunnan Army fought independently against the enemy. It lasted for 27 days, annihilated more than 12,000 Japanese invaders, completely shattered the strategic plan of the Japanese invaders to quickly occupy the important land of Xuzhou, and won a crucial opportunity for the Kuomintang's hundreds of thousands of troops to retreat.
But the price paid by the Dian Army cannot be calculated. When the departure was set off, the troops with 40,000 people were reduced and 18,844 were lost, of which 13,869 were sacrificed, 4,545 were injured, and 430 were missing. 177 officers at all levels died. Before the war, 12 regiments were fully loaded, but after the war, they could only be reduced to 5 regiments.
The big pit on the top of Yuwang Mountain was a bunker built by the soldiers of the Yunnan Army at that time. The 60th Army deployed artillery positions here, repelled countless enemy charges, and left behind the bodies of thousands of heroic soldiers.
Despite this, in the war against Japan at that time, the 1.5:1 loss ratio of the Yunnan Army against Japan was already considered the ideal record of the Chinese army. In its own war report, the Japanese army said, "Since the war between 18 and , it is rare to encounter fierce charges in the Yunnan army."
In fact, during the battle, this brave army had serious dissatisfaction. Many soldiers were no longer willing to accept Chiang Kai-shek's dispatch and demanded to return to their hometown Yunnan.
Because before the Yunnan army reached the position to take over, Tang Enbo and Sun Lianzhong's troops were in a hurry to escape, retreated early, and handed over the garrisoned positions to the Japanese invaders in front of them, causing the Yunnan army to be attacked by elite Japanese troops that night, and suffered huge additional casualties.
During the battle, local traitors repeatedly spyed on military information for the Japanese army, leaking the military trends, and forcing the Yunnan army to specifically enable the Bai soldiers in Yunnan to communicate in ethnic languages, which ensures the security of communication.
In the cruel battle, the Yunnan army fought bravely despite the danger. No one surrendered, no one retreated, and no one escaped. The soldiers guarded the bodies of their comrades-in-arms day and night to fight, but the soldiers were heartbroken.
The Kuomintang army was like a back-stinging hind legs, and the betrayal of the traitors of their compatriots made the simple Yunnan soldiers feel deeply that they were not trusted by Chiang Kai-shek and Li Zongren, and even intentionally allowed the Japanese invaders to consume the strength of the Yunnan army, so that Chiang Kai-shek would interfere in Yunnan affairs in the future.
At this critical moment when people's hearts were floating, someone stood up and shouted: "We can't leave, this is a national war, fight Japan! " This is the person who made the dissatisfaction within the Yunnan Army disappear with just one sentence. It is the commander of the army Lu Han.
Finance boss
Lu Han and cousin Long Yun both came from an Yi slave owner family in Zhaotong City. They received regular military training together in the famous Yunnan Army Martial Arts Hall.
1927-1929, after many military and political struggles, Long Yun overthrew the former Yunnan warlord Tang Jiyao , eliminated opposition forces such as Hu Ruoyu , Zhang Ruoji , and from Nanjing The government obtained the appointment letter of the chairman of Yunnan Province and officially became the third generation of "King of Yunnan". During
, Lu Han has always been Long Yun's most important and capable subordinate. He led troops to rescue Long Yun from his life-threatening life, and the military ability of fighting and military governance was fully trained. After Long Yun came to power, he appointed Lu Han as the director of the Yunnan Finance Department. With the financial power plus the original military power, Lu Han became the second leader in Yunnan and above ten thousand people.
This highly powerful director of the Finance Department is an absolute chore. Compared with other provinces, Yunnan Province has poor geographical conditions and low productivity. After years of war, the people are exhausted and unable to produce with peace of mind.
Lu Han took over the finance department, facing an extremely tight financial situation, the dian currency value is low, and the Longyun government is facing a crisis of serious unstable foundation.
Lu Han demonstrated his extraordinary political talent. He first started from reforming the Finance Department's institutions and replaced the original corrupt and incompetent secretary, section chief, director and other personnel of the Finance Department.
re-established the corresponding institutions in accordance with the four types of work of collection (income), expenditure (expenditure), inventory (stocking), and audit (auditation), and set up a "design committee" for consultation and decision-making.
At that time, the tax collection rights and collection rights were controlled by soldiers, especially important taxes such as tobacco, alcohol, and lijin . In fact, Longyun's provincial government failed to collect taxes and military expenditures were not settled.
In early 1930, Lu Han appointed his deputy division commander Yuan Changrong as the director of tobacco and alcohol affairs, and immediately called the provincial collection agency. The taxes such as tobacco, alcohol, and lijin were changed to investment and bidding, and should be handed over to the winning bidder. If you dare to violate it, you will be engaged in military law!
This "financial commercialization" approach is already a rare and commendable progressive measure in the extraordinary situation of warlords' melee.
was deterred by Lu Han's power. The arrogant and domineering soldiers dared to be angry but did not dare to speak out. No one dared to publicly disobey, and could only give up the privileges that did not belong to them and return to the military camp.
Some people also try to "go to the backdoor" with their special relationship with Lu Han. For example, after Lu Han's wife Long Tianru won the bid, she refused to pay the money; Lu Han personally gave instructions that immediately canceled his qualification for undertaking, killing the chicken to scare the monkey, and finally let the taxes be handed over to more professional businessmen to handle.
Within several months, the provincial government collected huge taxes, paid off all the accumulated debts, and there was still a surplus of income.
Finance has become stable, and Longyun's rule has a solid foundation. He can make great efforts in establishing industrial companies, opening banking schools, and developing water conservancy construction projects in Yunnan.
Under the rule of Longyun, the "New Yunnan" has developed rapidly in all aspects of military, politics, economy, culture and education in the province, creating a rare safe and stable home for the people of Yunnan, and also retaining a crucial rear for the War of Resistance Against Japan.
The Yunnan Army was able to have enough capital to introduce advanced European military equipment, which was similar to the strength of the Japanese army, which was also due to the good financial situation conquered by Lu Han.
Since July 1930, Lu Han's proposal to raise civil servants by one and a half times has been officially implemented. Civil servants at all levels were very happy, and Lu Han's prestige among the people of Yunnan further improved. Apart from Long Yun, he is the only person who can be accepted by all Yunnan forces.
The last "King of Yunnan"
Late at night on October 3, 1945, all parts of the country were still immersed in the joy of the Japanese surrender. The end of the fourteen years of dark resistance, Qiu Qingquan's troops of the Fifth Army of the Kuomintang Central Army secretly sneaked into Kunming city according to the route that had been practiced long ago, disarmed the local Yunnan troops and completely controlled Kunming city.
Long Yun could only take a guard company to flee to nearby Wuhua Mountain , and his family's life was almost out of control.
This is the heaviest blow to Long Yun by Chiang Kai-shek's betrayal. The , the Fifth Army, , and the 8th Army, which participated in the operation, were originally responsible for fighting against Japan on the Yunnan-Burma border.
Long Yun was unambiguous to national justice and provided all assistance to the Central Army. Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek used the name of transferring back to Expeditionary Force to "destroy Guo", which ended the "Yunnan King" era in the 18th year of Long Yun.
The person Long Yun wanted to meet most on Wuhua Mountain must be Lu Han, so where was Lu Han?
It turned out that in March 1945, Chiang Kai-shek expanded the command of the Southern Yunnan Border Region into the 1st Front Army of China, and Lu Han was the commander-in-chief. This move was the first move of " to get and lure the tiger out of the mountain".
According to the Allied forces, the Japanese army in northern Vietnam and Laos are responsible for the surrender of China. This place is very close to Yunnan, and Chiang Kai-shek naturally handed over the matter to Yunnan Province.
The Japanese army distributed in North Vietnam still has 30,000 troops and a large number of weapons and equipment. This is a good opportunity to demonstrate the majesty of the Yunnan army and obtain supplies. Long Yun lost his rational analysis under the great temptation.
Not only did he ask Lu Han to take 200,000 Yunnan troops to Vietnam, but he also sent out the 19th Division, 23rd Division and other units of the Yunnan Army left behind in Kunming, with only a few troops left in Kunming.
So, while Lu Han was surrendering in the northern Vietnamese, Du Yuming succeeded with a blow, and Long Yun had to accept Chiang Kai-shek's false position as "dismissed from his position as a member of the position and transferred to the President of the Military Senate of the Military Committee". He went to Chongqing first and then to Nanjing. At this point, Long and Jiang were together, but in fact they had a complete rupture.
According to Chiang Kai-shek's abacus, he certainly wanted to take over Long Yun's position with a confidant, but Long Yun's great prestige left over from his 18 years of outstanding governance in Yunnan cannot be easily shaken.
In order to appease the strong dissatisfaction in Yunnan Province, his only choice was Lu Han. In December 1945, Lu Han took over as chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government and became the fourth generation of "King of Yunnan" during the Republic of China.
During Lu Han's rule, due to his political skills, Chiang Kai-shek still failed to fully achieve the goal of controlling the power of Yunnan Province, but he successfully transferred the main forces of the 60th and 93rd Army of the Yunnan Army to the Northeast battlefield to fight a civil war, hoping to completely use the hands of the Communist Party to achieve complete control of the Yunnan Army.
For Lu Han, who firmly grasps national justice, how could he not understand Chiang Kai-shek's sinister intentions and how could he bear to kill each other with his compatriots?
Before returning to Yunnan to take over, Lu Han found his confidant Zeng Zesheng and specifically instructed: "After I return to Yunnan, the provincial chairmanship will be in a stable position, and it depends on you. You must try to preserve your strength and beware of Chiang Kai-shek's dismantling the Yunnan Army."
The Communist Party has always admired the great achievements of the Yunnan Army in its fight against Japan, and also knew that the Long Yun and Lu Han brothers were wary of Chiang Kai-shek, and had long decided to fight for the united front policy of winning over the secrets and turning to the light.
On October 17, 1948, news came that the main force of the 93rd Army of the Yunnan Army was annihilated. Facing Chiang Kai-shek's distrust, the failure of the People's Liberation Army's civil war and the unfavorable situation of the war. After the underground party members' full efforts, General Zeng Zesheng led the soldiers of the 60th Army to revolt gloriously on the front line of Changchun, becoming the 50th Army of the People's Liberation Army.
December 8, Lu Han's biggest concern, Long Yun, fled from Nanjing by plane, arrived in Hong Kong, and broke away from Chiang Kai-shek's claws.
Soon, Long Yun joined the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang and was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Democratic Revolution, declaring an open break with Chiang Kai-shek's regime.
Lu Han was originally a smart man who knew the righteousness. He saw Chiang Kai-shek unpopular in the civil war and was defeated so badly. He had already secretly started to contact the underground party and seek a peaceful retreat for himself and the people of Yunnan.
Of course, this will inevitably mean that he will become the last "King of Yunnan" in just four years in power. Compared with the interests of the country, what is this?
In February 1949, Lu Hanhe was actively striving for his South China Bureau to establish stable ties and began to plan the Yunnan Uprising in full swing. Chiang Kai-shek was not a fool either. Relying on the strict intelligence network, he learned about Lu Han's uneasy trend and stepped up the deployment of Lu Han's dynasty.
On August 14, 1949, Long Yun announced the "Yunnan Uprising" in Hong Kong. Chiang Kai-shek was afraid that Yunnan would be "fallen", so he flew to Chongqing on August 24 and summoned Lu Han to meet continuously.
Lu Han said he would not go away. Chiang Kai-shek sent the director of the attendant office to fly to Kunming to urge him. The Guangxi army was also eyeing Yunnan. As a last resort, Lu Han was forced to fly to Chongqing on September 6, and returned to Kunming the next day without any danger.
Chiang Kai-shek sent the mayor of the Southwest Special Zone Xu Yuanju to lead a group of spies into Kunming and form a "cleaning" command center with Shen Zui and others. He did not care about Lu Han's face and searched for Communist Party and patriotic democratic figures throughout Kunming. More than 400 people were arrested in just one day and one night.
htmlOn September 12, Mao Renfeng also came from Chongqing to Kunming, preparing to assassinate Lu Han at any time.
In order to avoid assassination, Lu Han could only hide in his tight defense home, step up preparations for the uprising, and cleverly took advantage of the conflict between Li Zongren and Chiang Kai-shek to manage to release the people arrested by Xu Yuanju.
Facts have proved that a spy leader like Shen Zui can only become a clever little person in front of Lu Han.
On December 9, 1949, Lu Han used Zhang Qun's position to carry out the trick of "please get into the trap" and seized all the important military and political personnel stationed in Kunming, including Shen Zui, with just one guard battalion, and fully grasped the situation in Yunnan.
at 10 pm, Lu Han announced the Yunnan Uprising in the Office of the Chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government of Wuhua Mountain, and at the same time, he launched the Yunnan Uprising nationwide.
After the People's Liberation Army entered Kunming City, Lu Han put a list of the properties he had accumulated in Kunming for many years and confiscated them all, including Lu Mansion on the Cuihu Lake, which has become an important historical relic today.
On May 13, 1974, Lu Han passed away in Beijing. "You revolted in Yunnan and made great contributions for the people. You resisted Japan and became righteous again. It would be great if you could do this in your later years. You are the fragrance of the yellow flowers in the evening." This is the highest evaluation of General Lu Han by the great man.
