957 When Mao Zedong communicated with literary figures such as Luo Jinan in Shanghai, the questions and answers related to Lu Xun became the main content of the "Ruo Mao Talk" that people are still talking about.
Luo Jinan and Chairman Mao
Luo Jinan's original name was Chen Xiaohang, also known as Chen Ziying, and his pen name was He Fei. He also used the pseudonym Zunwen to translate the Italian writer Fan Shibai's "Japanese Spy". He is far from the "members" of Chairman Mao who is circulated online. He is actually from Shunning, Yunnan, and was born in 1898.
If Chen Xiaohang's patriotic enlightenment is, it must be his father Chen Baohang, whose father supported the Yunnan Uprising and made many efforts.
Later, Chen Xiaohang studied all the way and finally got into Peking University .
Although Chen Xiaohang is just a scholar, his Chinese spirit has never disappeared. After watching the chaos in the country, he resolutely chose to abandon his pen and join the army, and served as a spokesperson and secretary beside Cai Tingkai, the commander-in-chief of the 19th Route Army and a famous anti-Japanese general. After the "September 18th" Incident , Chen Xiaohang and Cai Tingkai followed the 19th Route Army to Shanghai and Ningxia, and participated in the Songhu War .
In November 1933, Generals of the 19th Route Army Cai Tingkai, Chen Mingshu , Jiang Guangnai, together with the anti-Chiang faction of the Kuomintang, Li Jishen, etc., established the People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China in Fuzhou.
At this moment, Cai Tingkai sent Chen Xiaohang to Soviet area Ruijin and the Communist Party to negotiate a joint anti-Japanese war. At that time, Mao Zedong held a banquet to entertain Chen Xiaohang. This was the first time he met Mao Zedong.
Chen Xiaohang later changed his name to Luo Jinan, which was actually influenced by literary works and war life.
The novel by Spanish writer Cervantes " Don Quixote " depicts the vast picture of Spanish society at that time, exposes the dark corruption of feudal rule, and expresses the progressive humanistic thought of the Renaissance.
His master, the Spanish knight Don Quixote, is brave and fearless, tall and thin, and he has a capable mount named Luo Jinan, who has made great contributions to his life and death several times. He cooperates with Don Quixote with great understanding. General Cai Tingkai is also tall and thin, brave and fearless. The two are quite similar in many aspects.
It is precisely because of this that the military circles joked that Cai Tingkai was Don Quixote, and Chen Xiaohang followed Cai Tingkai all year round and fought with him in the battlefield.
Under the influence of "Don Quixote", Chen Xiaohang felt that he was like a loyal war horse under Cai Tingkai, just like Don Quixote and his mount, so Chen Xiaohang named himself Luo Jinan, and its meaning and intention can be seen from this.
After the failure of the Fujian People's Revolutionary Government, Mr. Luo Jinan went to Shanghai to settle down and started his own translation work.
On July 2, 1949, the National Congress of Chinese Literature and Art Workers was held in Beijing. Mr. Luo Jinan attended the Second Delegation of the Southern Delegation headed by Feng Xuefeng.
On November 13 of the same year, the founding conference of the Shanghai Translator Association was held in Shanghai. The conference passed the charter and elected 19 literary and artistic workers including Luo Jinan to become executive members.
Mr. Luo Jinan is from Yunnan and has an influence in in the southwest region of . Therefore, in 1950, Mao Zedong wrote to him, asking him to return to Yunnan to serve as a member of the Southwest Military and Political Committee. Chu Tunan, who was the Minister of Culture and Education of the Southwest Military and Political Committee at the time, appointed him as the president of Yunnan University. He did not answer the appointment, but focused on translation work in Shanghai.
At the symposium at the Sino-Soviet Friendship Building in Shanghai on the evening of July 7, 1957, Chairman Mao thanked Luo Jinan in person for translating the "Biography of Marx" by Merlin , saying that he did a good thing for the Chinese people.
In Shanghai, Mr. Luo has had many relationships with Xu Guangping, Zhou Jianren, , Ma Xulun and others, and wrote articles in progressive newspapers and magazines such as Zheng Zhenduo, Zheng Tao , and Tang Tao , and ke Ling. He and Tang Tao, ke Ling and others launched the China Democratic Promotion Association.
After the founding of New China, Mr. Luo Jinan's organizational relationship has been on Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles. In 1952, when East China and Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles adjusted their cadre housing, they allocated their husband and wife to live on the third floor of garden villa in Fahua Road. The area is more than 100 square meters. However, Mr. Luo does not receive government wages. Like Bajin gang, his life depends entirely on royalties, and in the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, they are only two of them.
Mr. Luo Jinan, who spent his old age in Shanghai, was clean and lived a peaceful life.
Mr. Luo Jinan is also a member of the Shanghai People's Congress, a member of the Shanghai Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and a director of the Shanghai Writers Association.
957, Mao Zedong held a meeting with Luo Jinan and other literary figures in Shanghai. At the meeting, Luo Jinan raised a question to Chairman Mao: "If Lu Xun was still alive now, what would he do now?"
This was originally a question with a hint of chatter, but Chairman Mao answered quite seriously: "In my estimate, Lu Xun either was imprisoned or had to write, or he was conscious and did not speak out."
This conversation surprised everyone present, and they tacitly understood each other and were not revealed until decades later.
Shanghai Writers Association held an enlarged meeting of the board of directors on June 13, 1958, and established a new secretariat. Mr. Luo Jinan was elected as Secretary of the Secretariat.
In Shanghai, Mr. Luo Jinan holds several positions. Although he is a freelancer in name, he does not have to go to and from get off work and can sit at home and work hard to translate, but social activities are still frequent, especially the Municipal People's Congress and the Federation of Literary and Art Circles, which inevitably require you to attend some activities and meetings.
Lu Xun, who admires Chairman Mao very much, was in the darkest and most critical period of our society in his later years. The Kuomintang reactionaries carried out cruel military and cultural "encirclement" on the Chinese revolution, and Japanese imperialism invaded China increasingly frantically.
At this time of life and death, the great patriot Lu Xun trusted his hopes with confidence on Chairman Mao and the Communist Party of China.
According to Feng Xuefeng and Mao Dun recollections, Lu Xun didn’t know much about Chairman Mao at the beginning, but he would actively understand it as long as he had the opportunity.
1931, from the Jiangxi Soviet Area, the news of the victory of the third counter-revolutionary "siege" led by Chiang Kai-shek in one fell swoop came from the Soviet area of Jiangxi Province. Lu Xun was very happy when he heard the news and excitedly said to the Feng Xuefeng who came to discuss matters: "The Kuomintang is making a fuss in the newspaper every day about Zhu Mao, and it seems that Zhu Mao frightened them first!" ml3
Then, he turned to Mao Dun present: "Do you know Zhu De and Member Mao? I only know that there was Zhu De in the Nanchang riot, and I don't know the others."
Mao Dun told Lu Xun that he knew Chairman Mao before "Wufeng" movement . In the spring of 1926, Chairman Mao was his immediate boss in Guangzhou, and introduced in detail to Lu Xun about his working with Chairman Mao during the revolution.
Mao Dun saw that Lu Xun was shocked and introduced, "Committee Mao is a great scholar in the Communist Party, with great knowledge and good memory, and chatting and laughing; his wife Yang Kaihui is the opposite, she is a virtuous and gentle person."
Lu Xun sighed after hearing this, "In the past, he only heard that Committee member Mao was engaged in the peasant movement. He didn't expect to be a scholar and already has family members."
Then, Lu Xun asked with concern again, "I wonder how old he is?" Mao Dun said, "About two or three years older than me. After
he introduced to Lu Xun with great emotion: "When he was in Guangzhou, he gave me the impression of a white-faced scholar, but who expected that he could command thousands of troops now! "This made Lu Xun respectful and showed a more admirable expression.
Later, especially in April 1936, Feng Xuefeng, as a special envoy of the Party Central Committee, made a special trip to Shanghai to meet Lu Xun, and restored his ties with the Shanghai underground party through Lu Xun.
During this period, Feng Xuefeng and Lu Xun had many long talks. Feng Xuefeng introduced the experiences and lessons of the victory and failure of the anti-"siege" against the Red Army's Long March, and the situation of the Zunyi Conference .
Lu Xun was extremely interested in all this. Whenever Chairman Mao and other CCP leaders were mentioned, he showed cordial trust. After
, Lu Xun also specially invited American progressive writer Smedley to his home, and Feng Xuefeng introduced to her more detailed stories of Chairman Mao leading the Red Army Long March.
In 1936, Lu Xun was sick for most of the time.
When Lu Xun talked about the Communist Party of China and Chairman Mao, he felt his intimate relationship with the Communist Party and Chairman Mao, so he thought of the future of the victory of the Chinese revolution, and his slightly gloomy face became clear due to illness.
held a cigarette in his hand, lay horizontally on the bed for a while, got up from the bed with a smile, stood in front of the desk in front of the window, half facing Feng Xuefeng who was sitting next to the desk, half facing the window, one hand horizontally on his chest holding the elbow of the other hand holding the cigarette, and said: "I think I am still competent to be a soldier, use a pen!"
At this time, Lu Xun's attitude and mood towards Chairman Mao and the Red Army's Long March led by Chairman Mao was already very telling.
So, as Mao Dun wrote in "Mao Dun's Autobiography" and Lin Zhihao in "Biography of Lu Xun", when Lu Xun learned that the Red Army led by Mao Zedong successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi, he and Mao Dun passed the Smoteletto through Paris and sent a telegram to Chairman Mao and Zhu De in northern Shaanxi to celebrate the victory of the Long March.
In the telegram, he praised the Red Army's Long March as "the most glorious page in the history of the liberation of the Chinese nation" and said passionately: "In you, the future of mankind and China are entrusted."
When Lu Xun fully realized the status and role of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party in the Chinese revolution, his respect for Chairman Mao and other Communists has developed to give specific and practical care and help within his ability.
Lu Xun learned that when Chairman Mao was missing books in Yan'an, he entrusted his works "Scream", "Wandering" and some old novels to send them to northern Shaanxi.
Later, the collection of Qu Qiubai's essay "The Sea Above Forest" (Volume 1) edited by Lu Xun was published. On the list of the first batch of people to be given, he wrote "Nei Three", that is, three copies of the location of the Party Central Committee of Shaanxi in the Mainland. He specifically handed the book on the sender the book to "M" (single name of Chairman Mao).
Lu Xun also expressed great concern about the hard life in northern Shaanxi and the serious salt shortage. He specially used the royalties to ask Feng Xuefeng to buy ham, meat floss and other foods from Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Xi'an and other places, and handed it to Wang Lin to take the security guards in northern Shaanxi.
When Mao Zedong saw the food transferred by Lu Xun, he pondered for a while, laughed happily, and said gratefully and humorously: "You can have a big meal."
Qianli Tour recruits ham, which shows how much respect and care Lu Xun respects and cares for Chairman Mao and other Communists.
Lu Xun's reverence for Chairman Mao is more reflected in his support and defense of Chairman Mao's claims.
According to Feng Xuefeng's recollection, after Lu Xun learned that Chairman Mao had insisted and implemented the establishment of the Red Army and the revolutionary base, he often talked about the Red Army and said several times: "To revolution, we need an army, and I have always thought so." When
said this, Lu Xun's mood clearly showed that he supported and praised Chairman Mao's foresight.
After the Red Army successfully arrived in northern Shaanxi in the Long March, Chairman Mao proposed the call for the anti-Japanese united front. Lu Xun expressed his firm support. In his answer to Xu Mao's pain on the anti-Japanese united front, he said: "I saw and supported the anti-Japanese united front policy proposed by the current revolutionary party in China to the people of the whole country."
Lu Xun also publicly published the "Letter to the Trotskyists" against Mao Zedong's unanimous anti-Japanese proposal, and gave a firm and powerful counterattack:
"Your 'theory' is indeed much more superb than the gentlemen of Mao Zedong. Gao Chao is certainly worthy of admiration for the world, but if Gao Chao is welcomed by the Japanese invaders, then Gao Chao will undoubtedly fall from the altar and fall into the most impure dust on the ground. Your superb theories will not be welcomed by the Chinese public, and what you do is to the morality of the Chinese people now. ”
In the same letter from Lu Xun, he praised Chairman Mao and other Communists, saying that they were “those who are practical, down-to-earth, and bloody strugglers for the survival of thousands of people in the country. "
This not only reveals Lu Xun's admiration for Mao Zedong, but also shows that Lu Xun is fighting bravely against the enemy side by side with Mao Zedong.
Mao Zedong and Lu Xun's hearts are closely connected
Lu Xun is also the person who Chairman Mao trusts and evaluates the highest.
Chairman Mao paid great attention to Lu Xun as early as Jinggangshan . In the autumn of 1933, Feng Xuefeng was transferred from Shanghai to work in the Central Soviet Area, and Mao Zedong immediately asked Feng Xuefeng to talk to understand Lu Xun's situation.
Once, Mao Zedong came to Feng Xuefeng to live in person When I met, I told him that the purpose of coming tonight was to talk about Lu Xun together.
He fully understood the thoughts, work, life and health of Lu Xun who was struggling in Shanghai through Feng Xuefeng. Then he sighed to Feng Xuefeng with regret: "When I was in Beijing during the May Fourth Movement, I met many people who were engaged in the new literature of , including Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi , Zhou Zuoren , but Lu Xun had no chance to meet."
When he heard that, "A Japanese said that there were only two and a half people in China who understood China, one was Chiang Kai-shek, the other was Lu Xun, and the other was Mao Zedong. "
Chairman Mao first laughed, and then said in an admirational tone: "This Japanese is not simple yet. He thought Lu Xun understood China, and that was right. "
When Feng Xuefeng told Chairman Mao that after reading his poems such as " Xijiangyue·Jinggangshan ", he believed that the poem had the spirit of "mountain king". Chairman Mao laughed happily after hearing this.
Chairman Mao also attached great importance to understanding and understanding Lu Xun by reading Lu Xun's works, so he had a very comprehensive and profound understanding of Lu Xun.
Chairman Mao systematically discussed Lu Xun as early as October 19, 1937 in his speech at the commemoration meeting of the anniversary of Lu Xun's death, believing that Lu Xun was not only an excellent writer, but also an outstanding revolutionary:
"He is not one of the Communist Party organizations, but his thoughts, actions, and works are all Marxist. He was a Bolshevik outside the party. "
Chairman Mao also summarized the spirit of Lu Xun from three aspects and called on everyone to learn the spirit of Lu Xun's complete revolutionary beating the dog in the water.
In January 1940, Mao Zedong made a higher and more comprehensive evaluation of Lu Xun in " New Democracy on ". He compared Lu Xun to the greatest and bravest flag bearer in the new cultural army, and praised Lu Xun as a fierce general in the Chinese cultural revolution, the main general, and a great thinker and revolutionary."
He praised: "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the Chinese nation's new culture ."
In May 1942, Mao Zedong's "Handle at the Yan'an Literature and Art Symposium " called on everyone to take Lu Xun as an example, learn from his spirit, devote himself to the people, and die until his death.
In August 1956, Mao Zedong said in " Conversation with Music Workers ":
"Lu Xun knows both foreign and Chinese things, but he does not underestimate China."
"Lu Xun's novels are different from foreign and ancient China. They are modern Chinese."
In "Speech at the Chengdu Meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee" in 1958, Chairman Mao pointed out that he should "like Marx and Lu Xun", dare to speak, do his work seriously, and bring Lu Xun and Marx together, which shows Mao Zedong's trust and respect for Lu Xun.
Of course, in his letter to Zhou Yang on November 7, 1939, Chairman Mao also pointed out that Lu Xun had never experienced the struggle of peasants. Peasants value their dark side and feudal side, which shows that Mao Zedong's research and understanding of Lu Xun was not only very comprehensive, but also very profound.
It was precisely because of his deep understanding of Lu Xun that Mao Zedong could say in his 1957 conversation that Lu Xun either continued to struggle in prison or kept silent.
Because he knew very well that the situation in China after Lu Xun's death was once very complicated, and he was a person of character and would not bow to people and things he disagrees with easily. However, once Lu Xun truly admires someone, he will do his best to cooperate.
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