When it comes to the Zhenguan rule, everyone is familiar with it. It is the governance situation during the reign of the Tang Dynasty Li Shimin . In such a prosperous era, a hero behind the scenes must be inseparable from the founding prime minister Fang Xuanling .
The term "Fang Mou Duan", among which Fang Mou refers to Fang Xuanling. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, he called Fang Xuanling his Xiao He . The planning ability can be seen. He is cautious in handling affairs in the officialdom, is low-key, and can eventually step down safely. So, today Brother Liu Hai will take you to know this master of planning - Fang Xuanling.
fang Xuanling
fang Xuanling (579-648), whose name is Qiao, his courtesy name is Xuanling, was from Qizhou in the early Tang Dynasty. Fang Xuanling was the top scholar when he was 18 years old and was awarded the title of Yuqiwei. After Fang Xuanling defected to King Li Shimin of Qin, he gave advice to Li Shimin and was one of Li Shimin's capable counselors.
1. A versatile political all-round talent
Fang Xuanling has been smart since childhood, good at military tactics, and is a rare talent. Fang Xuanling once worshipped Sun Wu as his teacher, learning military strategy, military governance ideas and governance concepts. In 617 AD, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty Li Shimin launched the Xuanwu Gate Transformation and attacked Chang'an . With the support of Li Yuan Li Shimin, Fang Xuanling participated in the planning of the coup, laying a solid foundation for the later establishment of the Tang Dynasty. He is far-sighted: in the face of the invasion of the Turkic , he remained calm in the face of danger and used his intelligence to formulate a surprise attack plan; when treating the Emperor Yang of Sui, he was generous and kind, and when treating the two brothers Li Shimin and Li Jiancheng, he was not ruthless.
Fang Xuanling's political achievements in the late Sui Dynasty and early Tang Dynasty were mainly reflected in the three aspects of "civilization and military achievements". Although Fang Xuanling was the prime minister, he was upright and had few colleagues and had harmonious relationships with his superiors and subordinates. When dealing with state affairs, he was good at recommending talents; in daily life, he treated the people with a humble attitude, thus winning the love of the people; in front of Li Shimin, who was powerful and experienced in the court, he respected Li Shimin very much and never had any disputes with others.
fang Xuanling
Li Shimin evaluated Fang Xuanling as "what I can do". Not only that, Li Shimin also personally summoned Fang Xuanling to the court as an official. He not only gained the trust of Emperor Taizong of Tang, but also left many good reputations for later generations. During the period of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Fang Xuanling served as the commander of the crown prince's right guard, the commander of the Eastern Palace, and the general of the left guard. Later he was named the governor of Bingzhou . He was commended by Emperor Taizong of Tang and Emperor Gaozong of Tang for his merits and was named Prime Minister during the court.
2. Planning for personnel, military, worldly affairs
Fang Xuanling was "subtle, resourceful, and versatile"; in the early Tang Dynasty, he and Du Ruhui, , Cheng Zhijie, and others helped Li Shimin to establish the Zhenguan rule. Fang Xuanling was "good at using power and skills, and was able to make decisions when encountering things"; he was good at military affairs and "using martial arts to overcome the way but having few plans"; he adopted the principle of employing talents based on the merits in order to achieve the goal of maintaining social stability. After Li Shimin ascended the throne, he conducted in-depth exploration of national politics.
He believed that the world was complex and severe, and the hearts of people were different at that time, so he advocated "being prepared without any trouble" and "no effort without complaints"; he was "skilled in strategy" and "can decide big things"; he was good at using opportunities to win people's hearts; he advocated "governing the country with virtue" and "using people to complement each other." Fang Xuanling also used "virtue" and "benevolence" as the standards to require politicians and military strategists in the early Tang Dynasty to have both "virtue" and "benevolence". He proposed "be prepared without any trouble" and "be able to make decisions when encountering problems". His way of governing the country was advocated and practiced by politicians throughout the ages.
Zhenguan Governance
Fang Xuanling is an official and has strong organizational skills. During the Zhenguan period, he served as Minister of Personnel and Minister of the Secretariat. Fang Xuanling's image was deeply loved by Emperor Li Shimin. He often talked to Taizong. Li Shimin formed a deep friendship with him, so he often praised him for being "faithful and pure and straightforward." In November of the fourth year of Zhenguan (627) (the sixth year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty), Emperor Taizong of Tang died of illness during the Xuanwu Gate Incident, and Li Shimin, who was only thirteen years old, succeeded to the throne.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Fang Xuanling served as the Minister of Works, the Right Son of the Crown Prince, the Governor of Bingzhou, and the Right Pushe of the Shangshu; in October of the tenth year of Zhenguan (638), he was promoted to prime minister; in the first month of the 17th year of Zhenguan (640), he was granted the title of Duke of Zheng, Duke of Zheng, and other dukes; in June of the 21st year of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong of Tang was awarded the title of Duke of Zheng, and other positions; after his death in the 20th year of Zhenguan, he was posthumously awarded the title of Duke of Zheng, and other positions by the Tang Dynasty. Judging from Fang Xuanling's life: he is a very visionary, knowledgeable and talented politician.
Li Shimin and Fang Xuanling
After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he and Fang Xuanling and others continued to implement the policy of the Zhenguan rule. The so-called "Zhenguan Governance" refers to the transition from the early "Zhenguan Governance" to the later "Zhenguan Governance". This period was the most prosperous, prosperous, peaceful, stable and united period in Chinese history, and was known as the "prosperous civilization". During the reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang, a series of reform measures were taken, including the implementation of the military system, the reform of the household registration system, the strengthening of military construction and the encouraging people to join the army and serve the country. These measures created favorable conditions for the prosperity and development of the Tang Dynasty in the future.
Fang Xuanling "does not seek the most, do not seek the most, do not seek the small." (" New Book of Tang ") In the early days of assisting Li Shimin in the reign of the Tang Dynasty, he vigorously studied " Zhenguan Zhengyao ", providing a basic basis for Li Shimin's "governing achievements", "discussing merits", and "rewarding". He advocated that we should pay attention to "civilized governance" and the construction of "military preparations" and govern the country with military preparations, which played an important role in the establishment and consolidation of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Li Zhi and Emperor Gaozong of Tang Li Shimin both highly praised his political achievements and listed him as his national teacher.
3. Be low-key and not greedy for officials. Leave office and have peace of mind and enjoy the people.
Fang Xuanling is a minister who is good at handling government affairs and is also a prime minister who is good at governing the country. During Fang Xuanling's administration, there was more than "civilized governance" but less than "martial governance". Fang Xuanling implemented a policy of emphasizing culture and neglecting military affairs, and "using military affairs to stop culture." Fang Xuanling's implementation of the "Ten Articles on Martial Ethics" and "Abolishing hundreds of schools of thought", which greatly promoted the society of the Tang Dynasty. He was honest and honest as an official, did not fight for power and profit with the people, and did not commit any corruption and abuse of power, and did all of them. Fang Xuanling and Wei Zheng made great contributions to the sixth year of Zhenguan (639) during Fang Xuanling's reign, and were praised by Emperor Taizong of Tang Li Shimin.
Fang Xuanling is not greedy for the official and enjoys the people. He and Wude were summoned to return in the ninth year, because they were diligent in political affairs and did not worry about personal gains and losses. In the ninth year of Wude (635), he was ordered to be appointed as the governor of Yizhou . Because he often went out to do military affairs, he gave him hundreds of thousands of qian coins. He was also praised by the people for his integrity and justice. Fang Xuanling died of illness due to overwork and could no longer hold an official position. Behind Fang Xuanling, he is known: "A gentleman settles in his arms to educate the people of the world."
fang Xuanling
Fang Xuanling never trades money or things in his life, because he believes that money is something outside his body, and there is nothing wrong with returning things to the original owner. He said: "I used to be the prime minister and knew that money was just something outside of my body and could not be used as a guide for my behavior; but if I could be honest and honest, it was my greatest pursuit in my life." During the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, he often followed Emperor Taizong to go east to march 1 Goguryeo . After returning, he often asked the court officials to write him a letter saying "Thank you".
Emperor Taizong of Tang asked Fang Xuanling to serve as the Censor of the Censorate. He said, "I never knew any gratitude to repay." Emperor Taizong of Tang asked him, "Why did you do this?" He said, "No one could have truly been honest, honest, fair and honest before." Emperor Taizong of Tang asked him how he did this and replied, "I promise myself with benevolence." Emperor Taizong of Tang thought he was a honest and honest person. Later, he also served as secretary and censor.
Perhaps, the low-key reason is why Fang Xuanling became the "Zhenguan Governance", but his literary and martial arts and ability to govern the world can be called a "master of planning". His behavior and historical achievements will not be forgotten by the world, and will be remembered by history.
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