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At around 9:00 on October 29, 1950, Comrade Liu Shaoqi, Premier Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and Comrade Peng Zhen carefully carried Comrade Ren Bishi's body slowly walked out of his residence.
When the four leaders began to walk down the steps, Chairman Mao quickly stepped forward and helped Comrade Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou, who were walking in front, catch the body of the old comrade-in-arms. Then, everyone slowly moved the body to the yard smoothly.
9 months later, Comrade Ren Bishi's mausoleum was built in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. covers a total area of 300 square meters, solemn and dignified.
951 On the morning of July 18, 1951, the burial ceremony of Comrade Ren Bishi's body was held here. After the funeral was over, Chairman Mao repeatedly raised a "very surprising" question to the central leaders such as Premier Zhou and General Zhu De: Comrade Ren Bishi made great contributions to the revolution, and a grand funeral was the right thing to do, but if we all do this after our death, wouldn't it be a waste?
So, why is Comrade Ren Bishi's grand funeral "should be"? ,
How did the older generation of leaders deal with the "waste" issue raised by Chairman Mao?
The revolutionary camel
Because Ren Bishi passed away too early, many people are not very clear about his historical achievements.
You should know that in 1945, 41-year-old Ren Bishi had become the first generation of core leadership member of our party. He was the only post-00s among the five major secretaries of the Party Central Committee (born in 1904). He was 18 years younger than President Zhu, 11 years younger than Chairman Mao, and 6 years younger than Comrade Liu Shaoqi and Premier Zhou.
Ren Bishi
At that time, our party "dives down to earth" and was full of talents. The principle of employing people was "only talented and both virtue and talented." So what was Ren Bishi's position in the forefront?
is based on his virtue, talent and deeds.
In terms of virtue, it is mainly reflected in his persistence in the truth and his strict self-discipline.
Chen Duxiu can be said to be a revolutionary enlightenment mentor that Ren Bishi respects very much, but during the revolution, his repeated concessions to the right of the Kuomintang caused our party to suffer major setbacks.
In June 1927, our party held an enlarged meeting in Wuchang . At the meeting, Ren Bishi, who was only 23 years old, criticized Chen Duxiu's mistakes with righteousness and firmly advocated that our party should lead the people of the whole country to fight against the enemy.
Ren Bishi in youth
Chen Duxiu tore his speech to pieces. But Ren Bishi couldn't make a step forward and said seriously to his mentor: "Whoever has the truth has the right to speak!" Later, when talking about this debate, Ren Bishi said: "I love my teacher, but I love the truth more!"
In the same year, at the " 87 Conference ", Ren Bishi firmly supported Chairman Mao's proposal "the power comes from the barrel of the gun ", and has been unswervingly supporting Chairman Mao since then.
From 1928 to 1930, Ren Bishi was unfortunately arrested twice and was tortured in prison, leaving two blood holes as big as fists on his back. These destructions also laid the groundwork for his untimely death. But the gentle and gentle Ren Bishi took all the tortures, did not reveal any secrets of our party, and did not betray any of our party's comrades.
In July 1936, the Red 2 and 4th Front Army met in Ganzi. Ren Bishi quickly saw Zhang Guotao's wrong route and fought resolutely with the two bosses, Zhu De and He Long, and finally led the two major frontiers to head north together and successfully met with the Central Red Army of .
Ren Bishi during the Long March
After the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began, Wang Ming , which had always been "left-leaning" in the past, proposed in 1938 the wrong line of "everything obeys the united front", advocating that our party should give up independence and obey everything to Chiang Kai-shek . Chairman Mao fought with him so firmly that Wang Ming finally said that his claim was the instructions of Communist International and Stalin.
At this critical moment, Chairman Mao entrusted Ren Bishi to go to the Soviet Union to explain the situation of our party to the Communist International. Ren Bishi fulfilled his mission and, after arriving in , Moscow, , introduced to the Communist International in a comprehensive and detailed manner our country's anti-Japanese struggle and Chairman Mao's correct policies. This greatly shocked the Communist International. In the end, the Chairman of the Executive Committee Dimitrov clearly pointed out that Chairman Mao was the real leader of the Chinese revolution, which also represents the full support of the Communist International for Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao and Ren Bishi
It is precisely because of their persistence in the truth that everyone in our party admires Ren Bishi's integrity. Although
has made great contributions, Ren Bishi himself has always maintained a strict discipline and a simplicity in his work.
During the Long March and the transition to northern Shaanxi, Ren Bishi's body was already very weak, but he never made any special . He moved forward with a wooden stick and never sat on a stretcher. A blanket, he used a sweater made by his wife with a scarf from the 1930s to the founding of the People's Republic of China, and he has worn it for more than 10 years.
949, the Party Central Committee is preparing to go from Xibaipo to Peiping , and the logistics department of wants to make new clothes for the central leaders to wear when entering the city and military parade . But Ren Bishi firmly opposed it. He said, "We have won the world in this outfit on our body. Why can't we go to Peking now?" After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Stalin gave our party several new cars. He originally gave Ren Bishi one, but he said to his secretary around him: "Don't get it, the old one can still be used."
The house he lived in was very close to the street, which was very noisy and affected his rest. The organization wanted to build a new one for him, but this was also rejected by Ren Bishi. He told the relevant person in charge: "The country has just been established and life is tight, so we must use money in construction."
is exactly because Ren Bishi has strong principles for his career and himself, so the respect for him by comrades from the bottom of our party is really from the bottom of his heart.
After talking about virtue, let’s talk about Ren Bishi’s talent.
sees the essence through the phenomenon. This sentence sounds easy to say, but the people who can do it are definitely rare among people.
Ren Bishi is one of the few "chosen people" who can see the core issues in the complex and complex struggle situations.
At that time, what was the core issue for the victory of our party’s cause?
is a farmer's problem and a friend's problem.
So, what about the solution after seeing the problem?
The method to solve the problem of farmers is "land reform", and the method to solve the problem of friends is "unified front".
In these two aspects, Ren Bishi and Chairman Mao can be said to be a coincidence, and it is also the top priority of his work.
"Land Reform" can guarantee the interests of farmers who account for the vast majority of our population, so that our officers and soldiers no longer have any worries, and that the vast majority of farmers sincerely support our party. It is precisely because of the success of "land reform" that Lin Biao turned defeat into victory in the Northeast, and the victory of Huaihai launched by the people with small carts.
And the "United Front" has made our party more and more friends, and the Kuomintang's uprising more and more troops, which eventually made Chiang Kai-shek a lonely man who fled Taiwan.
Ren Bishi not only has extraordinary talents, but what is more valuable is that he has always done his own work for the cause of the party and devoted himself to "working".
In 1940, Ren Bishi returned to Yan'an from the Soviet Union and began to serve as Secretary-General of the Party Central Committee, the steward of Yan'an. He was responsible for all the comrades' "eating, drinking, defecating, urinating, and sleeping". Because he is meticulous in his work and kind to his comrades, everyone respectfully calls him " old mother in the party".
945, among the five major secretaries, Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and General Zhu De were "in charge of the outside", while Ren Bishi assisted Comrade Liu Shaoqi to "in charge of the inside". How meticulous is Ren Bishi's work in the process of "in-main"?
944, at the senior cadres meeting in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, Ren Bishi delivered a report on the economic and financial situation of the border region.In the report, from the expenses of buying matches for every household to the expenses of the 359th Brigade, the data are meticulous and the analysis is clear and thorough, which won praise from the comrades attending the meeting. Afterwards, Chairman Mao waved his hand and issued 5,000 copies of his report to leaders at all levels of our party.
The reason why Ren Bishi's report has such good effect and persuasion is that he went deep into the grassroots to conduct investigations and research without any empty talk.
At the same time, all land reform work plans in the liberated areas were also made through continuous visits by Ren Bishi and combined with actual conditions.
Chairman Mao, Wang Shoudao, Lu Dingyi, Wang Zhen and other leaders of our party expressed their sincere admiration for his excellent style of not being afraid of trouble and meticulous investigation. Marshal Ye Jianying commented that he was a "revolutionary camel" and a role model for all party members.
However, it was this kind of overwork that devoted himself to the end that Ren Bishi had a bad body.
In the early morning of October 27, 1950, Ren Bishi, the "perpetual motion machine of the revolutionary cause", died of illness at the age of 46. He was the first core leader of the party and the country lost by New China.
So how should he handle his affairs?
Send Comrades
Ren Bishi is infinitely loyal to the cause of the Party. He has both a view of the overall situation and can handle micro-problems well. He is both principled and flexible. He can always "shoulder the same as a bowl of water". He does his job personally and does his best. His premature departure can be said to be an irreparable loss for our party and the Republic. It is no exaggeration to say that if Ren Bishi was there, the work pressure of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou would be greatly reduced.
But he just left, the revolutionary cause was like losing his power, and his comrades were indefinitely sad.
On October 28, the central government established the funeral committee headed by Chairman Mao .
At that time, Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery had just broken ground in July and only completed the prototype of the cemetery in October. After discussion by leaders, it was decided to build a floating house in front of the Huguo Temple in Babaoshan, temporarily park Ren Bishi's body, and his mausoleum was built quickly.
On the morning of October 29, a spirit transfer ceremony was held in front of Ren Bishi's residence on Dongjie, Jingshan, and a scene at the beginning of this article appeared. The four leaders personally moved Ren Bishi, and Chairman Mao also came forward to help.
After Ren Bishi's body was buried, Chairman Mao looked at his old comrades with a solemn expression. Then, a bright red party flag was held by Premier Zhou, Comrade Liu Shaoqi, President Zhu De and Comrade Peng Zhen, and gently covered Ren Bishi's body.
sorrow music rang, and 16 senior national leaders held the yellow cloth on both sides of the hearse and walked towards the Labor People's Cultural Palace on the east side of the Tiananmen Square with the slowly moving hearse. Everyone should use this most traditional ritual in our country to send their comrades to the last journey.
Chairman Mao watched the funeral procession for a long time, until the staff around him reminded: "Chairman, it's time to go back." The old man sighed slowly, "Let's go, let's go."
On the morning of October 30, a grand memorial service was held in the Taimiao square in front of the Cultural Palace of the People of Labor. At 10 o'clock, Ren Bishi's coffin was sent to the hearse to Babaoshan . At 12 o'clock, the funeral convoy arrived, and the coffin was solemnly placed on the cement platform built in advance, and then bricks were laid on all sides, and a floating house was built with the top of the water brushed stones.
9 months later, the first tomb of Babaoshan , the tomb of Ren Bishi, was built, covering an area of 300 square meters, solemn and generous. The center of the tombstone is the "Tomb of Comrade Ren Bishi" written by Chairman Mao.
On the morning of July 18, 1951, the funeral ceremony of Ren Bishi's body was grandly held.
After the funeral, Chairman Mao's concern was settled, but he mentioned one thing many times to Premier Zhou and President Zhu De and other national leaders: "Comrade Ren Bishi's achievements are great, and he deserves his grand funeral.But if each of us is like this, isn’t it a waste? "
High-end ceremonial
954, when Chairman Mao was inspecting Hangzhou, he saw many graves beside West Lake , and said to the staff beside him with concern: "The dead should not compete with the living." In April 1956, at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held in Beijing, the proposal to promote cremation
was delivered to Chairman Mao. While promoting cremation, the proposal also took into account the customs of our country. It is recommended that the principle of voluntary action should be gradually implemented. The country does not We must interfere forcibly and not deal with existing graves roughly.Chairman Mao repeatedly praised him after reading it. Under his leadership, 136 central leaders signed their names on the proposal. Moreover, Chairman Mao also advocated holding simple and solemn memorial service for the deceased, , but the funeral should be held briefly and not wasted.
By the beginning of 1958, the implementation of cremation encountered problems. What was the problem?
At that time, the country's financial resources were limited, and only big cities like Beijing and Shanghai could build fires The burial grounds and cemeteries are used to carry out large-scale cremation work. The vast rural townships do not have enough financial resources to build cremation sites and cemeteries, so cremation cannot be implemented. What should I do?
?
Just when Chairman Mao was worried about this, a message from Huang Yanpei made Chairman Mao’s eyes lit up. In the letter, Mr. Huang suggested “ deep burial on the ground”. What does this mean?
Huang Yanpei
bury the body of the deceased 1.5 meters deep, and there is no grave on it. There will be no waste of arable land.
After reading the letter, Chairman Mao immediately expressed his approval and asked the secretary to call Mr. Huang to express his gratitude.
Not long after, Mr. Huang took the lead in "deep burial of the ancestral tombs of all dynasties" and donated the leveled arable land to the state.
After the implementation of this method, Liaoning Province alone expanded the arable land area by 330,000 mu in 1958.
In June, Premier Zhou wrote to the Huaian County Party Committee of his hometown: "I can't remember where my cemetery is. If someone recognizes it in the local implementation of grave leveling work, you can handle it directly, and there is no need to ask me for instructions. "According to Premier Zhou's instructions, in 1965, the tombs of Premier Zhou's grandparents and biological mother were all processed in accordance with the principle of "deep burial on the ground", and also cultivated the people.
Under the leadership of the central government, the "deep burial on the ground" work in the country made great progress, and a large amount of fertile fields were repurposed for farming, which provided strong support for the country's socialist construction.
At the same time, the central government also made strict regulations on the regulation of burying leaders at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery after the death of leaders at all levels.
Chairman Mao once said humorously to the staff around him:
"I ate a lot of fish when I was alive. After I died, I cremated me and scattered the ashes into Yangtze River to feed the fish. You said to the fish: Yuer, Mao Zedong has come to compensate you. He ate you before his death, and now you can eat him. If you eat fat, you can go to to serve the people . This is called the law of immortality of matter. ”
Although the central government did not cremate according to his last wishes after Chairman Mao’s death, the noble character of his elders and the older generation of national leaders will always be a brilliant role model for the younger generation to learn from!
