1.
The foundation of the founding of New China is " serving the people ". The October conference also repeatedly emphasized that "the country is the people, and the people are the country."
attaches importance to the people, which is the fundamental reason why New China has come to this day.
China's history has been thousands of years. When you look at the historical books, you will see lessons from the rise and fall of dynasties and the cycle of governance and chaos. One of the important turning points of is the transformation of the country's governance philosophy -
Is the country good to the people or to the officials?
If you serve the people, you will abuse the officials and create a trend of being miserable. If you are kind to officials, you will abuse the people and cause the people to live in miserable life.
abuse of officials is to harm the interests of a small number of people. Taking care of the interests of most people can ensure long-term stability of the country.
But if you abuse the people, you will use the interests of the majority of people to satisfy a small number of people. In the end, not only will the people be dissatisfied, but officials will also take advantage of the people's dissatisfaction to seek greater benefits.
We are the account of reading history. Today, we will use the stories from the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty to explain this point of view.
2.
Emperor Yang of Sui Yang Guang was the second emperor of the Sui Dynasty .
On the Chinese Internet, many netizens have sympathetic attitude towards Yang Guang, saying that he severely cracked down on the aristocratic family, harmed the interests of the aristocratic family, and was eventually betrayed by the aristocratic family, jointly elected Li Yuan as the spokesperson, and rebuilt Tang Dynasty , which represents the interests of the aristocratic family. The statement
is actually outrageously wrong.
Emperor Yang Guang of Sui not only did not crack down on the aristocratic family, but on the contrary, Yang Guang tried his best to safeguard the interests of the aristocratic family, and Yang Guang severely cracked down on ordinary people. In
611, Yang Guang was preparing to conquer Goryeo and ordered Yuan Hongsi, the general manager of Youzhou, to build 300 ships and to recruit hundreds of thousands of people to work in the shipyard.
In order to achieve the shipbuilding goal, Yang Guang and Yuan Hongsi issued strict orders not to give hundreds of thousands of workers enough rest time, and stood in the water day and night to build ships, resulting in maggots growing below the workers' waists.
Musk asked Twitter employees to work overtime, just to squeeze labor. Yang Guang treats people as machines and does not apply lubricant. So "the dead are three or four."
In addition to large ships, he also needs food to conquer Goryeo.
After the accumulation of the thirty years of the founding of the Sui Dynasty, Henan's Liyang Cang and Luokou Cang had a lot of grain. Yang Guang ordered the transfer of grain from these two warehouses to transport it to the front line of Zhuojun , so hundreds of thousands of people in the Jianghuai area were forced to become grain transport workers.
Like shipbuilders, grain transport workers are also used as machines, running around the road day and night.
Such high-intensity work pressure is inevitable. " Zizhi Tongjian " records: "The dead are sleeping together, the stinky road is full of chaos in the world."
After a while, Yang Guang destroyed hundreds of thousands of his own people before he even fought with Goryeo.
Modern people can't even stand the strength of 996. If they traveled to the end of the Sui Dynasty to become ordinary people, in this atmosphere of "not treating people as humans", how terrifying would it be?
Yang Guang, who is harsh on ordinary people, is very good to officials.
In 611, Yang Guang traveled from Jiangdu to Zhuojun to travel for a tour. Along the way, he appointed more than 3,000 officials like a boy with money. After arriving in Zhuo County, Yang Guang moved into Linshuo Palace. In order to take care of the officials who were patrolling the canal with him, he issued an edict, "Civil and military officials are above the ninth rank, and they are ordered to be placed in the house."
ninth rank officials are equivalent to the stock level and are not in the entire Sui Dynasty official system, but Yang Guang also took care of them and assigned a house at will.
Promotion and distribution of houses for officials and the trouble of hundreds of thousands of ship workers and grain workers are at the same time. How magical.
Yang Guang was also very tolerant of the gentry.
Yu Wenshua and was originally a rogue who had no talent and virtue, but because of the relationship between Xu Guogong Yu Wenshu, Yang Guang was very close to Yu Wenshua and when he became King of Jin . After he ascended the throne, he immediately promoted Yu Wenshua and became the Taipu Shaoqing.
607, Yang Guang visited Yulin , and Yu Wen and privately did business with Turkic .
, a smuggled business, is always contrary to national laws, not to mention, it is the court officials who take the lead in smuggling, which has an extremely bad impact.
After Yang Guang discovered it, he was originally planning to cut off Yu Wenshu, but it may be because he was considering Yu Wenshu's status, or he may be reluctant to kill Yu Wenshu, but he was giving up Yu Wenshu.
not only released, but a few years later, Yu Wen and was promoted to General of the Youtun Guard and led the imperial army.
Yang Guang is also very generous to foreigners.
612, Yang Guang had arrived in Zhuo County and recruited Turkic places Luo Khan to lead troops to protect the troops.
Generally speaking, if you want foreign races to obey the orders of the Chinese emperor, you either defeat them or spend money to buy them. Yang Guang did not have the power of Tian Khan. There is no clear record of how much money he spent this time, and he only said, "The reward is very strong."
From a diplomatic perspective, it is understandable to give foreigners a lot of money to maintain border security. But compared with the dire straits in the Central Plains, Yang Guang's generous rewards are ironic no matter how you look at them.
Therefore, under the rule of Yang Guang, the Sui Dynasty was indulged in the aristocratic races, friendly to officials, and spread money to foreign races, but was harsh on ordinary people.
3.
The political actions shown by the Sui Dynasty, which had a huge joint effect on the ruling philosophy of "abuse the people and love officials".
Seeing innocent people everywhere die, those who survive temporarily will think about it -
If I were sent to the shipyard to work or transport grain, would I die tragically? What should I do if my wife, children and children die? If I escape from the government’s requisition, will I beheaded? Who will support my family if I die?
When this series of questions appears in my mind, no matter who it is, I am afraid that the final answer can be derived. is dead anyway, so it is better to go against it. Maybe you can still fight for a way out.
So Shandong Wang Bo wrote "The Song of Death in the Wave of Undirected Liaodong", and raised the first banner of rebellion at the end of the Sui Dynasty. Tens of thousands of people gathered in less than a year.
Hebei people Dou Jiande took two hundred people into Gaojipo. Because of being kind and compassionate to the soldiers, it quickly gained the support of the general public, and more than 10,000 people under his command were willing to die for Dou Jiande.
Du Fuwei fled to Jianghuai. With the style of "staying in front of you when you go out, and being behind you when you go in", he quickly emerged and became the young leader of Jianghuai.
From the prosperous era to the full of wolf smoke, but in just two years, the reason behind it is that Yang Guang does not cherish the people and the people will not follow him.
There are many types of traditional Chinese political theories, but no matter which theory, "people-oriented" is definitely the core point of view. This core view is recognized by the ruling classes such as officials and nobles. Therefore, the people of the Sui Dynasty were forced to rebel, which penetrated the political values of maintaining the unity of the system and the strata.
The result is obvious. As the days of the people of the Sui Dynasty became more and more difficult, the officials and nobles who Yang Guang had worked hard to win over also had the reason to "expel tyranny and return peace to the world."
So in 613, Yang Su, the eldest son of Chu State, Yang Su, raised an army. What he said at the oath meeting was very interesting: "As a , the family has a huge sum of money, and as for wealth, I have no desire for anything. Now I will raise an army regardless of the destruction of the clan, but I will solve the urgent need for the world."
Yang Xuangan would rather destroy the family business left by his ancestors than drive away the tyrant Yang Guang.
As for whether Yang Xuangan serves the people sincerely or wants to take a try when troubled times come, it is actually not important.
As Yang Xuangan rose up, more than 40 high-ranking officials, including Yang Gongdao, the son of Yang Xiong, the son of Yang Xiong, the second son of Yu Shiji, the second son of Yu Rou, the son of Lai Yuan, the son of Pei Yun, Pei Shuang, and more than 40 high-ranking officials, went to join Yang Xuangan and prepared to do great things with him. Yang Xuangan also entrusted important tasks.
Although the Sui army quickly defeated Yang Xuangan, the children of high-ranking officials led by Yang Xuangan rose up to fight against the Sui Dynasty, which meant that the ruling group of the Sui Dynasty split.
That's it, Yang Guang still doesn't know what the problem is.
After pacifying Yang Xuangan's uprising, Yang Guang and his ministers said: "Xuangan's call and follow 100,000 people will know that there are not many people in the world. If there are many, they will gather together to steal. If they don't punish them all, they will not be punished."
Yang Guang means that there are too many ordinary people in the world, so they have to kill more.
When building ships and transporting grain, they think there are few people, and when they are betrayed, they think there are many people. Do you think Yang Guang is talking about human words? If Yang Guang could restrain his style of being happy with great achievements, the people of the Sui Dynasty had all the demographic dividends of . How could it be redundant?
But Yang Guang doesn't understand this principle, and he may also disdain to understand it.
received Yang Guang's order, General Fan Zigai and Censor Pei Yun were implicated, killing more than 30,000 people in one breath and exiling 6,000 people. When Yang Xuangan rose up, he opened a warehouse to release grain. Those who had eaten Yang Xuangan's food were also deceived from the suburbs and killed.
Yang Guang also felt that the strength was not enough and ordered local governments to confiscate all the property left in his hometown, regardless of where he was, and his wife, children, and his elders were demoted to slaves.
Yang Guang's orders were ruthless, but there were too many rebels in the world. How could it be possible to tell who it was?
So the local officials who received the order were granted a privilege. They said that if someone rebels, they can directly search the house and kill people. If they like their own property, they will say that they have rebels.
method can be used without prohibition. Within two or three years, officials from all over the Sui Dynasty made a fortune and became vested interests of the people's rebellion. The formation of this "rebellion interest group" completely pressed the acceleration button for the demise of the Sui Dynasty.
The country should treat the people well, but Yang Guang abused the people.
The official in the country was in trouble, but Yang Guang condoned officials and nobles.
The country wants to comfort the rebel people, but Yang Guang intentionally or unintentionally cultivated a huge rebellious interest group in the local area.
This is an important reason for the demise of the Sui Dynasty.
Li Mi 's anti-Sui Dynasty manifesto said that Yang Guang: "The bamboo book in the south mountain is endless, and it is impossible to complete the evil in the east sea 's waves." It is simply a realistic evaluation.
Yang Guang later said to the mirror, "Who should cut it off?" Is this still necessary to ask, such a good Sui Dynasty ruled the country and destroyed the country with one hand, and it was a sin.
4.
Emperor Yang Guang of Sui lost the world because he did not love the people, and rose in troubled times Emperor Gaozu of Tang Li Yuan was precisely because he loved the people and won people's hearts.
617, Li Yuan, who belonged to the ruling class, was preparing to gather troops from Shanxi to fight against the Sui Dynasty. The first step was to pacify Xihe County, which was loyal to the Sui Dynasty. Otherwise, Li Yuan would be at risk of being attacked from both sides on his way to Chang'an.
Before the war, Li Yuan set rules that were not allowed to disturb the people.
Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin As generals in command, he shared the joys and sorrows with the soldiers who were preparing to go to the expedition, without any airs of the legitimate son of the Duke of Tang. When the soldiers in the army arrived at the market, they had to spend money to buy food and they would never bully others by virtue of their power. They had a style of "not taking the masses one needle and one thread".
After conquering Xihe County, except for killing Gao Deru, the county magistrate loyal to the Sui Dynasty, Li Jiancheng and Li Shimin's army did not violate any crimes, and sent envoys to appease the people so that they would not be afraid.
In the chaotic times of the end of the Sui Dynasty, such an army was enough to be called the king's army, so "very happy to hear from afar" and people's hearts quickly settled down.
Li Yuan was very happy when he heard the report and felt that he had the chance to win the uprising: "If you use this army to travel around the world, you can do whatever you want." That is, only if you love the people can you be supported by the people.
Then Li Yuan went to Xihe County in person. All the poor and helpless people distributed money and grain relief. The elderly over 70 years old were granted the scattered officials who had no real power, so that they could have a stable income and a place to support them. Talented young people will be appointed as officials by measuring talents and not let them be buried in the countryside.
two words, benevolence and righteousness.
At the end of the same year, the Guanzhong was attacked, and Li Yuan had 200,000 troops under his command.
In order to satisfy the interests of the army, heroes in troubled times often allow the army to rob. However, Li Yuan issued a strict military order, ordering soldiers to practice in the barracks when they did not fight, and were not allowed to leave the barracks, let alone take the stitches and threads from the masses in the villages and towns.
Entered Chang'an, and Li Yuan and the people of Chang'an made 12 chapters of law, and all tyranny that harmed the people in the Sui Dynasty would be abolished.
The leader of the troubled times who did this was , the , the Han Emperor Gaozu , Liu Bang, eight hundred years ago.
At this point, Li Yuan laid a strong foundation for the founding of the Tang Dynasty, and the ruling philosophy behind it is still two words - love the people.
Yang Guang destroyed the country with tyranny and Li Yuan founded the country with love for the people. All of this left a deep impression on the fledgling Li Shimin. The power of the people to change the world even more shocked Li Shimin.
Chinese people pay attention to seeing themselves, the world, and all living beings.
knows where the boundaries of your ability are, and you will see yourself. When you see the magnificent power of the world and all things, you will see the world. To serve the people and benefit the world is to see all living beings.
Li Shimin has experienced a bloody battlefield and seen himself. The lessons of the rise and fall of the Sui and Tang Dynasties made Li Shimin see the world. From now on, Li Shimin will spend thirty years to meet all living beings.
In the long years, Li Shimin remembered a sentence firmly - water can carry a boat, but it can also overturn it.
In other words, the people are the country, and the country is the people.
The same is true for the same reason. in the Ming Dynasty was able to last for nearly three hundred years because Zhu Yuanzhang loves the people and abuses officials.
"Tianhuang Yuzi" writes: "Taizu sincerely loves the people, especially the poor and weak, and his words and farming are difficult, and he always crys. Whenever he annexes to the great surname, corrupt officials and fish take them, those who violate them will be punished."
Whenever he hears that the people live a hard life, Zhu Yuanzhang will shed tears. When he finds that officials and powerful people have annexed land, he must find a way to get rid of them.
, and Zhu Yuanzhang's ruling philosophy was very advanced: "I heard that heaven gave birth to the king for the people, the king served as the minister, and the minister was in harmony with the heart of the king and asked about the people's illnesses. It is appropriate to have a job."
The road of heaven and earth was to take care of the people, and the monarch established the position of officials in order to take care of the people. The main job of the monarch and his subjects was to serve the people.
So during Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, whether it was officials embezzlement or meritorious officials' annexation of land, Zhu Yuanzhang only had one word - killing. Through the four major cases of Hongwu, almost all the Ming Dynasty wild animals were washed away.
is cruel, but Taoist Mr. Fang Xiaoru admits that after the killing and purge of the four major cases of Hongwu, a terrifying atmosphere was formed in the Ming Dynasty officialdom. No one dared to violate Zhu Yuanzhang's laws, let alone abuse the people.
"The emperor has a new world, and punishes the ills of relaxation and depression of the previous dynasty. At that time, although the officials of the county and county lived in poor and blocked land, they were all shocked and shocked when they went to the capital more than ten thousand miles away. They were like gods coming to their court, and they dared not be too stubborn."
and the successor to the emperor Zhu Di , Zhu Gaochi , Zhu Zhanji repeatedly emphasized that "Taizu became a constitution" and severely punished officials who violated the law. Even if a hero or a relative of the foreign land is annexed, they will face legal sanctions once discovered.
In the political atmosphere of "official life is not a waste of time", the Ming Dynasty gradually entered a prosperous era.
The fundamental reason for the prosperity of the Ming Dynasty was to love the people.
5.
Chinese history is profound and profound. Many things can be found in ancient times.
Every successful political group, no matter how exciting the strategic plan is, is inseparable from the premise of loving the people. To love the people, one must abuse officials to a certain extent.
Only when officials live in poverty can their country be prosperous and the people are safe. If officials live comfortably, the people will definitely suffer.
does not mean that officials and the people are completely opposite social roles, but in the food chain of the entire society, officials are in the upstream and hold the power to allocate social resources. The people are in the downstream and have only the qualifications to be assigned.
In this situation of unequal social roles, abuse of officials and loving the people is an important way to maintain social balance.
If the roles of officials and citizens lose balance, then there will be problems.
To maintain social balance by abusing officials and loving the people, the key lies in slogans, but in implementation.
