When history becomes the past, the older it is, the more difficult the truth in the fog of history will be solved by people in later generations. In the 5,000-year-old history of China, there were some special figures who had made some amazing moves during their lifetime, or showed a shocking integrity, and even made unforgivable mistakes at that time. However, they had a long-lasting spiritual impact on later generations, and even outweighed the energy generated by their true life portrayal.
Today, the editor will tell you about an ancient Chinese hero who is well-known in China and many countries in the world. He has an extraordinary life, but he also has a problem of regret. People seem to know him very well when they mention it, but after asking more details, most people are actually extremely unfamiliar with him. He is the incarnation of "loyalty, courage and righteousness" that we often say - Guan Gong . What kind of person is Guan Gong? Is he really qualified to be respected by so many people in the world? Today we will give a detailed explanation.
Guan Gong's name is Guan Yu . People generally think that his name is Yunchang . In fact, his original name is Changsheng, also known as Guan Changsheng. Of course, there are also historical materials that Guan Yu does not have the surname Guan. His original surname is Feng, and his name is Feng Changsheng. Because he was angry and killed a powerful man in Jieliang County, Hedong County, at the end of the Han Dynasty, he fled to Hebei after taking a lawsuit. On his way to Tongguan, he referred to "Guan" as his surname, and was named "Yu", which means he left.
Of course, this is just a single word. In the official history such as "The Three Kingdoms", Guan Yu is Guan Yu, or the Guan Yunchang that has been circulated in people's mouths. Guan Yu fled from Jieliang, Hebei to Zhuo County, Hebei because of his murder. He met Liu Xuande, a descendant of the Han clan of Emperor Jing of Han and the descendant of Liu Sheng, the prince of Jing of Zhongshan.
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to eliminate the Yellow Turban riot, the princes of the world raised their troops to fight for the country with ulterior motives. As a civilian, Liu Bei was not willing to be mediocre and backward. He gathered his disciples in his village and prepared to do a big and earth-shaking cause. Therefore, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, two reckless men with surprisingly high military power, became his earliest capital for hard work.
Due to the hard work of Liu, Guan and Zhang, soon after, Liu Bei stood out in the battle against Yellow Turban Army and was valued by the Han court and was appointed as the prime minister of Pingyuan, which is equivalent to acting as a county magistrate. Liu Bei, who became an official, became very powerful, no matter how big his official position, and immediately appointed his good brothers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as Simas of the left and right departments, and commanded his troops under his command respectively.
Historical books say that Liu Bei and Guan and Zhang were sleeping in the same bed. They were kind to each other, and they were as kind as brothers. In the crowd, Guan and Zhang stood by Liu Bei, tireless all day long. They followed Liu Bei to fight and fight without avoiding difficulties and were never afraid of death. Therefore, in the later jokes and legends, there was a bold plot design of the Three Jehovahs in Taoyuan. In fact, Guan and Zhang were not qualified to have a charity with the authentic Han Dynasty emperor Liu Bei. The status difference was too great. Look at Xiang Yu , Peng Yue, Ying Bu and Han Gaozu , what was the end of Liu Bang's "election", Li Yi, Deng Feng and Emperor Guangwu of Shizu Liu Xiu?
Later, Liu Bei killed the Xuzhou governor Che Zhou appointed by Prime Minister Cao Cao, and sent Guan Yu to guard Xia Pi City, Xuzhou to exercise the power of the prefect, while he led his troops to station Xiaopei, forming a junction with Guan Yu, preparing to fight Cao Cao with all his strength and seize Xuzhou as his first foundation for "restoring the Han Dynasty". After all, Xuzhou is also the hometown of Longxing of the Liu family, the eldest son of Emperor Gaozu of Han.
Han Xiandi Liu XieIn the fifth year of Jian'an, Cao Cao led a large army to attack Xuzhou east, and Liu Bei could no longer resist it, so he soon defected to Yuan Chu, the governor of Jizhou, Hebei Province, Yuan Benchu. On the way to escape, Liu Bei lost his favorite general Guan Yu, and Guan Yu was captured by Cao Cao. Because Cao Cao admired Guan Yu's extraordinary martial arts for a long time, he forcibly granted him the position of a general in the name of Emperor Xian of Han, and he was also very courteous.
Yuan Shao received help from Liu Bei and knew the reality of Cao's camp. He immediately sent his first fierce general Yan Liang to lead his troops to attack Cao Cao's earliest base camp Dongjun. At that time, the one stationed in Dongjun was Cao's camp Liu Yan, whose capital was located in Baima County. Cao Cao then sent Lu Bu surrendered general Zhang Liao and Liu Bei surrendered general Guan Yu as the vanguard to resist Yuan Shao. Cao Cao was indeed very bold and heroic in employing people.
In order to stand out among the surrendered generals as soon as possible, Guan Yu immediately looked at Yan Liang's command cap in the enemy's formation, so he didn't say hello, rode his horse out and rushed straight to Yan Liang, stabbing Yan Liang to death among the troops with one blow. Before Yuan's army could react, Guan Yu cut off Yan Liang's head and brought him back to Cao's camp. The two armies were shocked to see him so brave. None of the pursuers of Yuan Shao and other generals were his Guan Yu's opponents. The siege of the white horse was soon disintegrated. Guan Yu made great contributions to Cao's camp, and his prestige soared. Cao Cao pretended to be the title of Marquis of Shouting in Han Dynasty, and Guan Yu became even more proud.
Regarding Guan Yu's killing of Yan Liang, the word used in the official history is to "sting" first and then "kill". Therefore, it can be concluded that Guan Yu is not as described in the Romance. The weapon in his hand is the Qinglong Yanyue Sword , which weighs more than 80 pounds and is fancy.
At first, Cao Cao admired Guan Yu's loyalty and courageous character very much, and sent people to observe his expression many times. He found that he had not stayed in Cao's camp for a long time and was devoted to him. So he said to Zhang Liao, a good friend of Guan Yu, who was also surrendered general, and said, "You ask him what he thought!" So Zhang Liao directly found Guan Yu and asked him if he would like to stay by Cao Cao's side and never leave. Guan Yu sighed and said, "Guan also understands that Cao is very kind to me, but you can't understand the kindness of General Liu. General Liu and I swear to die together, and we should not bear it! I will not stay here after all, but I will make several more great contributions to repay Cao Gong's kindness! "
Zhang Liao told Cao Cao these words. Cao Cao admired Guan Yu very much. Later, Guan Yu killed Yan Liang, and Cao Cao knew that he must have left, so he increased his gifts to him. Guan Yu sealed all the gold, silver and jewelry he rewarded, returned them in full, and wrote a resignation statement, and then rushed directly to Yuan Jun base camp to look for Liu Bei. All the famous generals of Cao's camp came out in anger and said they wanted to chase Guan Yu, but Cao Cao waved his hand and said, "They are their masters, and the clouds are gone, so don't chase them!" This kind of open-minded and heroic heroic spirit is really rare.
However, there are also historical records that Guan Yu asked Cao Cao many times to marry Du, the wife of the general under Lu Bu, Qin Yilu, but Cao Cao refused and accepted it for his own sake. So Guan Yu was very embarrassed and angry, so he left Cao Cao. Du also had a son named Qin Lang, and later became Cao Cao's favorite adopted son.
After Guan Yu found Liu Bei, he followed Liu Bei south to seek refuge with Jingzhou Liu Biao. However, Liu Biao died not long after. Cao Cao captured Yuan Shao and immediately led his troops to sweep Liu Biao to Jingzhou. After Jingzhou was taken down, Liu Bei was so scared that he crossed the river from Fancheng to flee south. At the same time, Guan Yu sent hundreds of warships to Jiangling to gain a foothold.
Cao Cao's army chased and arrived at Changbanpo, Dangyang County. Liu Bei ran quickly from the small road to Hanjin. At this time, he happened to meet Guan Yu's fleet, so he ran to Xiakou again. At this time, Sun Quan, the Eastern Wu, was also afraid that the lips were lost and the teeth were annexed by Cao Cao, so he sent elite troops to help Liu Bei resist Cao's army. Soon after, the two sides fought in Red Cliff, Cao Cao led his army to retreat.
Liu Bei took the opportunity to take over all the counties in the south of the Yangtze River in Jingxiang for his own territory, and at the same time began to be a founding hero. Guan Yu was first named as the prefect of Xiangyang and the general of the bandits, and led heavy troops to station in Jiangbei . For him, he specifically resisted Cao Cao.
Then Liu Bei led his troops westward and quickly took over Yizhou, Xichuan, Bashu, and immediately appointed Guan Yu as the general agent of Jingzhou affairs.Guan Yu heard that the most powerful general in Western Liang, Ma Chao, also surrendered to Liu Bei and was greatly valued by Liu Bei, and he felt very unbalanced. So he wrote to Zhuge Liang, the first counselor in front of Liu Bei, asking him that Ma Chao was not his lord's old friend and what ability he had to get such a status and reward.
Zhuge Liang understood Guan Yu's intentions, so he wrote a letter to reply: "Ma Chao and Ma Mengqi are both civil and military, and he is a hero of the world. However, with his qualifications, he is very similar to the King Yingbu of Huainan and King Ying of Liang in the early Han Dynasty, Peng Yue and others. He can be on par with Zhang Fei and Zhang Yide. However, compared to your beautiful bearded husband and Guan Yunchang's unique and martial arts skills!" After reading the reply, Guan Yu laughed and said to the guests at the seat, "Military Master Zhuge knows me!"
Later, Guan Yu fought with Cao's army and was shot through his left arm by an arrow. Although the wound healed, his arm bones were very painful every rainy day. The doctor (the genius doctor Hua Tuo) said to him: "It was that arrow that was poisonous and poisoned into the bone marrow. Now you have to break the arm and scrape the bones to completely remove the toxins, and then you can get rid of this disease forever!" Guan Yu invited all his generals to eat meat and drink together, and the doctor was also in charge of the disease. The man scraped his bones and healed his wounds. He saw that his arms were bleeding and filled with the entire plate. The doctors and the generals were stunned. Guan Yu cut his flesh and drinks, chatting and laughing calmly. Everyone shouted, "General is really a god!"
In the 24th year of Jian'an, Liu Bei occupied the three major territories of Hanzhong , Bashu and Jingzhou, so he proclaimed himself the King of Hanzhong. He was promoted to Guan Yu as the former general of the Han Dynasty at the first time and granted the power of the fake quarrel. This year, Guan Yu was very excited and led his army to attack Cao's general stationed in Fancheng. Cao Cao was so scared that he quickly sent , one of the "five good generals", to help Cao Ren. In the autumn of this year, heavy rain fell in Jingxiang area, and the water of the Han River flooded into disaster. All seven elite soldiers led by Yu Jin were flooded by Guan Yu. Yu Jin also surrendered to Guan Yu, and Guan Yu also beheaded the rebel general under Ma Chao. At this time, all the green forest heroes in Liang, Jia and Luhun areas accepted Guan Yu's command and obtained Guan Yu's official seal and title, and were collectively controlled by him. For a time, Guan Yu's subordinates were overwhelmed, greatly threatening the safety of Cao Cao's capital, the princes' capital, Luoyang . Guan Yu also shocked China.
Cao Cao was so panicked that he wanted to summon ministers to discuss moving to the north Xudu to avoid Guan Yu's edge. At this time, the advisers Sima Yi and Jiang Ji tried their best to persuade Cao Cao to calm down, and said that Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu would be very reluctant to do so as to be successful in Guan Yu. As long as our Cao Wei camp endures a little patience, Sun Quan will take action to get rid of Guan Yu for us.
Cao Cao thought it was very reasonable, so he sent an envoy to Dongwu and suggested that Sun Quan stab Guan Yu in the back. After destroying Guan Yu, he would be allowed to cut off the entire Jiangnan and give him the king of Sun Quan, so that the siege of Fancheng would be resolved without fighting. At this moment, in order to please Guan Yu, Sun Quan sent an envoy to propose to Guan Yu's daughter for his son. Guan Yu was so arrogant that he insulted the envoy of the Eastern Wu and did not accept Sun Quan's proposal of marriage.
Sun Quan was furious when he received such a reply. Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang did not dare to underestimate me. A martial artist Guan Yu dared to give him face so much. At this time, Guan Yu's command of Nanjun Prefecture Mi Fang was stationed in Jiangling. Mi Fang was also Liu Bei's brother-in-law. In addition, General Doctor Ren was directly under the jurisdiction of Liu Bei and led his troops to the public security. These two people were also in power in the Shu Han camp, so they hated Guan Yu for his always despising and neglecting them.
Since Guan Yu rushed his troops north, he wanted to attack Wanluo with one person and capture Cao Cao alive. Mi Fang and Doctor Ren were responsible for providing military supplies to Guan Yu, but later the war was in a rush, and Mi and Bo refused to rescue Guan Yu. Guan Yu was furious because of the tiger's power and said bluntly that after beating Cao Cao, he immediately punished Mi and Bo when he went back.
After learning about it, Mi Fang and Doctor Ren were very afraid and uneasy. Sun Quan quickly sent someone to lure Mi Fang and Doctor Ren. The two of them sent envoys to welcome the army of Eastern Wu into the rear of Jingxiang.Cao Cao learned that Sun Quan had taken action, so he sent Xu Huang and , one of the "Five Good Generals", to rescue Cao Ren. Guan Yu could no longer hold on to the top generals of the Cao army, Xu Huang and Cao Ren, so he led his army to retreat. However, Sun Quan had already occupied Jiangling, the capital of Jingzhou of Shu Han, and captured Guan Yu and his soldiers' wives, children and families alive. The Jingzhou army of Shu Han immediately collapsed without fighting and collapsed.
Sun Quan sent a large army to finish off the defeated general of Guan Yu, and finally captured Guan Yu alive, and killed Guan Yu and his son Guan Ping . Mi Fang and Doctor Ren both surrendered to the Eastern Wu. In the official history, both of them enjoyed all their wealth and honor in the Eastern Wu Empire and died. However, in the Romance of the Romance, they were killed by Guan Yu's son Guan Xing . It can be regarded as a way to cater to the general public and avenge Guan Yu.
40 years after Guan Yu's death, that is, Emperor Renzong of the Shu Han Empire, Liu Chan Three years after Jingyao, there were still two years before the demise of Shu Han. The latter leader Liu Chan suddenly wanted to posthumously award the posthumous titles to the "Five Tiger Generals" who founded Shu Han. Previously, Liu Bei was in power, Zhuge Liang was in power, and Liu Chan himself was the emperor for nearly forty years. He never thought of giving these people who fought for the hegemony of Shu Han for a lifetime.
In this year, Guan Yu was posthumously named "Zhuang Miao Hou" (the word Zhuang shows his bravery, and the word Miao is straight and written about his fallacy in Jingzhou. This posthumous posthumous posthumously named "Huan Hou", Ma Chao was posthumously named "Wei Hou", Huang Zhong was posthumously named "Gang Hou", and Feng Chu Mr. Pang Tong Pang Shiyuan was posthumously named "Jing Hou" this year, while Zhao Yunyu Zhao Zilong was posthumously named "Shunping Hou" the next year.
Guan Yu's son Guan Xing, whose courtesy name is Anguo, was famous in Shu Han when he was young. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, valued him very much. He became the minister of the Shizhong and the military commander of the Central Military Commissioner under the age of 20. Unfortunately, he died young within a few years. Guan Xing's son Guan Tong later became the son-in-law of the later ruler Liu Chan and became the son-in-law. He was promoted to the General of the Tiger Ben. Unfortunately, Guan Tong had no descendants, so his concubine's younger brother Guan Yi inherited the title of the Guan family.
And when the Guan Yi family destroyed Shu, they were all cruelly killed by Wei generals Pang Hui who came to avenge their father Pang De. They died in the chaos with Guan Yi. His Royal Highness, the Crown Prince, Liu Chan, was also the later emperor Liu Chan. Guan Yu was named "Zhonghui Zhenjun" by the great master of calligraphy and painting in the dynasty of the dynasty nearly a thousand years after the end of the Three Kingdoms. For the first time, he was the master of calligraphy and painting in the dynasty and the foolish emperor of Huizong.
Later, he killed the loyal minister Yue Fei Marshal Southern Song Emperor Gaozong also named Guan Yu "Zhuang Miao Yi and brave Wu'an King". I really don't know what he was willing to do? When it comes to the Yuan Dynasty, Emperor Yuan Shun, the last Middle-earth emperor, in order to restore the upcoming decline of the Mongolian Yuan Empire, he regarded Guan Yu as a spiritual sustenance and conferred him as "General Qi Tian Protecting the Country and the True Lord Chongning Protecting the Country".
Later Ming Dynasty Emperor Wanli, who had not attended court for thirty years, faced the mess of the dynasty, remembered Guan Gongguan's second brother, and even named him "The Demon-Subduing Emperor of the Three Realms, Shen Weiyuan Zhen Tianzun Guan Shengdijun ". Not long after, Emperor Chongzhen, the king of the fallen country of the Ming Dynasty, also presented Guan Yu with the title of "Zhen Yuan Xianying Zhaoming Yi Han Tianzun".
When the Qing Dynasty was reached, from Emperor Shunzhi of the Qing Dynasty to Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qing Dezong of , Qing Dynasty emperors gave Guan Yu the title of honor, from the original eight big characters "Zhengyi Shenwu Guan Sheng Emperor " to the 26 large characters that are difficult to describe. The editor will not list them in detail here. I really can't remember them (a total of the 15 emperors of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, so I have to pay tribute to them).
However, what kind of character is the real Guan Yu? What kind of spiritual impact did Guan Yu's life bring to the entire Chinese history? The editor cannot make a conclusion here, but it is still the case that officials have different opinions and wise people are welcome to express their opinions in the comment section and speak freely.
