text/ Chen Lixu
Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan, one is the leader of the Communist Party of China, and the other is the leader of the democratic party . When the founding of New China was , Mao Zedong served as Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and Zhang Lan served as Vice Chairman. In the process of striving for national independence and liberation and building a new China, the two knew each other and established deep friendships, and wrote a story about the leaders of the Communist Party and the leaders of democratic parties.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War Acquaintance
Mao Zedong was born in 1893 and Zhang Lan was born in 1872. The two are 21 years apart in age and have different experiences. Before 1945, the two had never met each other, but they knew each other's names. In 1919, Mao Zedong worked in the Peking University Library . Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement and the guidance of Li Dazhao, he became a Marxist. He was a young leader who actively participated in political activities to explore the realization of the socialist path in China. Through Li Dazhao's narration, he had a preliminary understanding of Mr. Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong carried out political activities in Hunan and Beijing, and Zhang Lan also knew his name and admired it very much.
Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan first met after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945. On August 28 of that year, in order to seek domestic peace, Mao Zedong personally led a delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, the Kuomintang was very powerful and had been operating in Chongqing for many years. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek sent spies to control all walks of life to welcome Mao Zedong. Therefore, there were not many people who could go to Chongqing Airport, to welcome Mao Zedong. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also considers the safety of democratic parties' leaders and does not want them to go to the airport to welcome Mao Zedong, nor does it tell them when Mao Zedong arrived in Chongqing. Zhang Lan learned that Mao Zedong was coming to Chongqing on August 28. On this day, Xu Bing, who was in charge of united front work in the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, went to Special Garden to tell Zhang Lan that Mao Zedong had taken off from Yan'an and soon arrived at Jiulongpo in Chongqing. He said that the reason why the Democratic League and the cousin were not notified (Zhang Lan's name is Biao Fang, and the people at that time respectfully called the cousin) was because they were afraid that the Kuomintang would engage in conspiracy, and the meeting period of the leaders of the two parties was difficult to determine in advance. However, Zhang Lan, who was already 74 years old, was not afraid of the Kuomintang's conspiracy. He immediately decided to go to the airport to welcome Mao Zedong with Shen Junru, Huang Yanpei, Guo Moruo, Chen Mingshu, Zhang Bojun, Shao Lizi, Liang Shuming, etc. At Chongqing Airport, Zhang Lan and Mao Zedong met for the first time.
◆In 1945, Mao Zedong, Zhang Lan and others were at Chongqing Airport.
Zhang Lan later told his family many times about the scene when he first met Mao Zedong. According to Zhang Lan's granddaughter Zhang Meiying's recollection:
on August 28, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China delegation arrived in Chongqing. Qiao Guanhua was the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing at that time. After the plane landed, Qiao Guanhua introduced the representatives who came to welcome him in turn. Chairman Mao recognized Zhang Lan with a glittering beard in the crowd at a glance. Without waiting for Qiao Guanhua to introduce, Mao Zedong walked over: "Are you Mr. Zhang? Hello! On a hot day, you went to the airport to greet him personally. Don't dare to be him!" Mr. Cousin said: "You work hard for state affairs and live up to expectations, you should be obeyed!" At that time, there was a saying that "If you get Sichuan, you must get Zhang Lan first", and he is also the leader of the democratic parties, so Zhang Lan has long become the target that both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party must strive for. When Chiang Kai-shek entered Sichuan, Chen Lifu and mobilized Zhang Lan to greet him repeatedly, but he did not go. His reputation of being "unfair and straightforward" and being upright had already reached Yan'an, so Mao Zedong respected Zhang Lan who came to the airport to greet him.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan three times during his time in Chongqing. At that time, Zhang Lan lived in Shangqing Temple Special Garden, which was also the place where democrats gathered in Chongqing. Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan three times and met with Zhang Lan in person.
Mao Zedong first visited Zhang Lan on August 30, just two days after he arrived in Chongqing. That morning, after Mao Zedong had just met with Chiang Kai-shek, he went to visit Zhang Lan in the afternoon with Zhou Enlai. Zhang Lan and others were waiting for Mao Zedong at the door.As soon as Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan met, they shook hands enthusiastically with Zhang Lan and said hello to Zhang Lan. The staff of the Special Garden and the students who lived here stood on both sides and witnessed Mao Zedong's prosperity. Mao Zedong greeted them kindly and kindly and greeted them. The young man who was familiar with Zhou Enlai was called "Uncle Zhou", and Zhou Enlai nodded to them with a smile. Mao Zedong's entourage was also humble and polite. When Mao Zedong saw that the hired workers from the Special Garden also came to greet him, he began to shake hands with the employees one by one from under the stairs. There were some workers who had just finished the fire and their hands were very dirty. Mao Zedong never disliked these things. Mao Zedong treated Zhang Lan's employed workers equally, which left a deep impression on Zhang Lan and respected Mao Zedong very much. Zhang Lan later said that "the one who wins the world is Mao Zedong" was inspired by this incident. Then, Zhang Lan brought Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai into his bedroom for a conversation.
◆Zhang Lan
Mao Zedong conveyed the greetings from Zhu De and Wu Yuzhang to Zhang Lan, and handed Zhang Lan a letter and a gift from Zhu De - a red large square blanket produced in Yan'an. Zhu De's hometown is in , Sichuan , and was a student of Zhang Lan in his early years and respected Zhang Lan very much; Wu Yuzhang was Zhang Lan's old friend. Zhu De's letter to Mr. Zhang Lan was raised: "Comment on my teacher", and the signature was: "Student Zhu De". Zhu De also wrote in the letter: "We support your career." From this letter, Zhang Lan saw that the Communist Party supported the cause of the Democratic League and was very moved. After Zhang Lan accepted Zhu De's letter and gift and expressed his gratitude, the conversation came to the main point. Zhang Lan first expressed: he understood Mao Zedong's sincerity in visiting Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, but expressed concern about Mao Zedong's security. Mao Zedong explained to Zhang Lan in detail six emergency measures in the "Declaration on on the Current Situation" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 25. Finally, he briefly summarized: Our requirements are: recognize the elected governments and anti-Japanese troops in the liberated areas, demarcate areas where the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the South China Anti-Japanese Columns of the South China Anti-Japanese Columns, severely punish traitors, disband the puppet army, reorganize the army fairly and reasonably, recognize the legitimate status of each party, protect the freedom and rights of the people, and immediately convene a meeting of representatives of each party. Zhang Lan deeply agreed after hearing this. Mao Zedong also introduced to Zhang Lan the situation of government construction, new social outlook, people's welfare, production, education, etc. in the liberated areas led by the Communist Party of China. Zhang Lan listened carefully and was very happy that the Communist Party could build a new society in the liberated areas, and thus saw China's hope. The two were in great enthusiasm for talks and talked for more than two hours. It was not until it was too late that Mao Zedong's guards came in to report to Mao Zedong: The time for Zhang Zhizhong to hold a dinner for Mao Zedong was coming, and Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan ended the conversation.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan for the second time, at noon on September 2. At that time, Zhang Lan invited Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei in the special garden in the name of the China Democratic League. Zhang Lan also invited some democratic figures to accompany him. After meeting with Zhang Lan and others in Teyuan, Mao Zedong specifically talked about the Communist Party's sincerity in peace and the proposition of democratic country building. He talked about the principle of "peace is the most important" and said: The Communist Party advocates democracy and the founding of the country. Mao Zedong said humorously: "This is a 'home of democracy', and I'm back home! Today, we gather at the 'home of democracy'. In the future, we will work together to live in a 'normal country'." Mao Zedong had a very harmonious conversation with many democratic figures who accompanied him, and there were many topics, just like a family chatting together. He introduced the situation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to Zhang Lan and other democrats, and jointly discussed issues behind the southwest , as well as issues such as political consultation meetings, coalition governments, and united fronts. On this day, Mao Zedong, who was not good at drinking, was happy to drink date wine with Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong also wrote four words for the owner of the special garden: "The light is in sight." In advance, Mao Zedong had arranged to meet with friendly people from all walks of life in Guiyuan , and the banquet ended happily.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan for the third time on the afternoon of September 15th. This time, Mao Zedong came to Teyuan to have a secret talk with Zhang Lan. This time, the two talked the longest and deepest.
◆After Mao Zedong met with Zhang Lan, in order to make the content of the Kuomintang-Republic talks public, he agreed to publish an open letter to Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in the name of Zhang Lan, hoping that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would take this opportunity to completely resolve the national problems. The picture shows Zhang Lan’s open letter handwriting.
Mao Zedong met with Zhang Lan in Zhang Lan's bedroom. Mao Zedong first introduced to Zhang Lan the results of his negotiations with the Kuomintang after he came to Chongqing. After Mao Zedong talked about the fact that the negotiations achieved certain results, he emphasized that the key is that the problems of the regime and military in the liberated areas have not been resolved. The Kuomintang, under the banner of unified national government orders and military orders, asked the Communist Party to hand over the regime and the army, which put the negotiations to a deadlock. Mao Zedong said bluntly: Chiang Kai-shek wanted to fight the civil war and unify China by force with the help of the United States. Zhang Lan also realized that the Communist Party was facing a sinister situation and said sincerely to Mao Zedong: When I was engaged in autonomy in northern Sichuan, I knew the importance of the regime and the army. You cannot hand over the regime and the army, and you must persist. The people of the whole country hope to you. You must preserve some clean land for China! Zhang Lan also gave Mao Zedong an idea: What has been negotiated with the Kuomintang should be made public and let everyone know so that Chiang Kai-shek would not admit it. Mao Zedong adopted Zhang Lan's suggestion and expressed that he should consider countermeasures. Zhang Lan felt that the Communist Party of China had unilaterally disclosed the results of the negotiations, and the Kuomintang did not agree, and the Communist Party was also difficult to deal with, so he said to Mao Zedong: "If you have any inconvenience, I will write an open letter to the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to spread these issues before the people of the whole country, so as to be supervised and promoted by the people of the whole country." Mao Zedong immediately adopted this proposal and praised Zhang Lan in person for his "old and successful planning of the country." On the night after the meeting, Zhang Lan wrote an "Open Letter to the Leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party", spreading the content of the talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and published it in Chongqing's " Xinmin Daily " and Chengdu's "West China Evening News". During the talks between Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan, Mao Zedong sincerely told Zhang Lan: In this negotiation with the Kuomintang, the Communist Party is willing to make greater concessions, but the Kuomintang will not allow the Communist Party to exist, and a civil war may break out at any time. If the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fight, I hope Zhang Lan calls on the southwest to unite the Communist Party and oppose Chiang Kai-shek, and at the same time assist the underground party in carrying out guerrilla warfare . Zhang Lan agreed that if the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fought, he would definitely do it according to Mao Zedong's opinion. Zhang Lan always believes in his words and will do what he does. After Chongqing negotiates with , he personally came forward to absorb some Southwest generals as secret members of the Democratic League, and handed them over the tasks: support the democratic movement, cover up the underground members of the Communist Party of China and progressives, boycott Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, and revolt at the right time. This laid the foundation for the Communist Party to carry out revolutionary struggles in Chiang-managed District and instigate some Kuomintang military uprisings, and successfully resolve the Southwest issue.
Mao Zedong talked to Zhang Lan three times, so that Zhang Lan could see that only the Communist Party could save China and the hope of the Chinese people, thus strengthening the belief in cooperation with the Communist Party. From then on, Zhang Lan and the Kuomintang gradually drifted apart.
Mao Zedong instructed to ensure Zhang Lan's safety
In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war, and Zhang Lan was completely disappointed with the Kuomintang. When the Kuomintang was preparing to convene the National Assembly, Zhang Lan firmly stated: He will not attend the National Assembly. This was an important measure for Zhang Lan to oppose the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang, because among the democratic parties at that time, there were many parties within the Democratic League and were representatives of the third aspect. The Kuomintang decided to unilaterally convene the National Congress that year. If it participates in the third aspect, it will prove the legitimacy of the National Congress; if it does not participate in the third aspect, it will be illegal. As a result, Chiang Kai-shek and others hated Zhang Lan's decision. Soon, the Kuomintang spies assassinated Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo. Zhang Lan personally presided over the memorial service between Li and Wen in Chengdu, and said at the meeting: I decided to follow the two men's feet and devote myself to China's peace and democracy, and only after my death. After the memorial service, Zhang Lan was attacked by Kuomintang spies and injured in the head.
On November 12, 1946, Chiang Kai-shek insisted on his own initiative and forcibly convened the pseudo-National Congress. The Democratic League will never participate.When the pseudo-National National Congress was held, there was no name for the Democratic League in the newspaper, which indicated the complete break between the Democratic League and the Kuomintang. In mid-November, Zhang Lan went to Shanghai to lead the national democratic movement. In order to win over Zhang Lan, Chiang Kai-shek sent many people to invite him to talk to Chiang Kai-shek when he passed by Nanjing, but Zhang Lan flatly rejected him. After Zhang Lan arrived in Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to invite Zhang Lan, but Zhang Lan refused again. Chiang Kai-shek was very angry about this. On October 28, 1947, the Ministry of the Interior of the Kuomintang declared that the Democratic League was an illegal group, and the members of the alliance were dealt with in accordance with the "Measures for Handling the Communist Party of the Rear". On October 29, the Kuomintang published the "Truth of the Democratic League's participation in the rebellion". On November 5, Chen Lifu drafted a notice to disband the Democratic League, and gave it to Zhang Lan and other leaders of the Democratic League, and asked Zhang Lan and others to "not change a word." Faced with the pressure from the Kuomintang, in order to ensure the safety of all members of the alliance, Zhang Lan and other leaders of the Democratic League held a nine-hour meeting, and finally Zhang Lan signed the notice. On November 7, Zhang Lan issued a public personal statement: He hopes that everyone will continue to work for peace, unity and democracy within the legal limits, from the standpoint of patriotic citizens. Zhang Lan's granddaughter Zhang Meiying later said: Zhang Lan did this to tell the Kuomintang: I will continue to fight with you, and you will come to me in the future! After that, Zhang Lan did not stop fighting with the Kuomintang. He arranged for Shen Junru and other members of the Democratic League to go to Hong Kong to restore the Democratic League. The Kuomintang regarded Zhang Lan as a dangerous person and sent spies to surround Zhang Lan's residence.
1949, the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin ended, and the Kuomintang was defeated. In order to breathe, Chiang Kai-shek sent Zhang Lan's fellow villager Zhang Qun to find Zhang Lan and asked him to come out to be the mediator of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, Zhang Lan clearly stated: It is a dispute between revolution and counter-revolutionary. I stand on the side of the Communist Party and no longer be a mediator. When Zhang Lan was so clearly and openly standing on the side of the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek planned to kill Zhang Lan, but due to Zhang Lan's prestige, he did not dare to take action for a while.
◆In 1949, Zhang Lan (center) and Luo Longji (right) who were placed under house arrest by the Kuomintang government in Shanghai Hongqiao Sanatorium.
On March 5, 1949, the headquarters of the Democratic League moved to Beiping , which had been liberated by the Communist Party. Mao Zedong sent Zhang Lan and others to go to Peking to participate in the preparations for the new CPPCC. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had announced his "retirement" and the "president" was represented by Li Zongren . Li Zongren sent Gan Jiehou , Shao Lizi and others to Shanghai to visit Zhang Lan, asking him to come forward to do mediation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and reopen the peace talks, but Zhang Lan flatly refused.
On May 29, 1949, in order to celebrate the successful march of the Chinese People's Liberation Army into the Kuomintang-controlled region, Zhang Lan sent a telegram to Mao Zedong to express his support. Mao Zedong replied to Zhang Lan on June 1 to express his gratitude. The message said:
Mr. Fang: Yandian is very familiar with it. The revolutionary war develops rapidly, and the remaining enemies will be wiped out for a long time. The future work focuses on construction. We urgently hope that all parties will work together to work together. Mr. Luo (referring to Luo Longji) is preparing to come to Peking, and we are very welcome.
At this time, Zhang Lan had decided to go to Peking to participate in the great cause of establishing a new China led by the Communist Party.
Chiang Kai-shek also expected that Zhang Lan would cooperate with the Communist Party, so he sent spies to monitor him at all times, and Zhang Lan's personal safety was threatened. When Mao Zedong, who was far away in Peking, learned about Zhang Lan's situation, he immediately gave instructions:
Zhang Lan and Luo Longji were the leaders of the Democratic League and representatives of the New Political Consultative Conference, and told the comrades in Shanghai that they would ensure their safety.
Mao Zedong's instructions were passed by Zhou Enlai to the Shanghai underground party organization. Zhou Enlai also specifically instructed the Shanghai underground party to follow Comrade Mao Zedong's instructions and try every means to ensure the safety of Mr. Zhang Lan's life.
In order to implement the instructions of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the Shanghai underground party organization took a lot of thoughts and went all out to rescue Zhang Lan and others. With the joint efforts of the underground party organization and the Kuomintang generals who were preparing for the uprising, Zhang Lan and others were finally rescued and successfully arrived in the liberated area in May 1949. text/ Chen Lixu Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan, one is the leader of the Communist Party of China, and the other is the leader of the democratic party . When the founding of New China was , Mao Zedong served as Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and Zhang Lan served as Vice Chairman. In the process of striving for national independence and liberation and building a new China, the two knew each other and established deep friendships, and wrote a story about the leaders of the Communist Party and the leaders of democratic parties. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War Acquaintance Mao Zedong was born in 1893 and Zhang Lan was born in 1872. The two are 21 years apart in age and have different experiences. Before 1945, the two had never met each other, but they knew each other's names. In 1919, Mao Zedong worked in the Peking University Library . Under the influence of the May Fourth Movement and the guidance of Li Dazhao, he became a Marxist. He was a young leader who actively participated in political activities to explore the realization of the socialist path in China. Through Li Dazhao's narration, he had a preliminary understanding of Mr. Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong carried out political activities in Hunan and Beijing, and Zhang Lan also knew his name and admired it very much. Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan first met after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in 1945. On August 28 of that year, in order to seek domestic peace, Mao Zedong personally led a delegation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek. At that time, the Kuomintang was very powerful and had been operating in Chongqing for many years. In addition, Chiang Kai-shek sent spies to control all walks of life to welcome Mao Zedong. Therefore, there were not many people who could go to Chongqing Airport, to welcome Mao Zedong. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also considers the safety of democratic parties' leaders and does not want them to go to the airport to welcome Mao Zedong, nor does it tell them when Mao Zedong arrived in Chongqing. Zhang Lan learned that Mao Zedong was coming to Chongqing on August 28. On this day, Xu Bing, who was in charge of united front work in the Southern Bureau of the Communist Party of China, went to Special Garden to tell Zhang Lan that Mao Zedong had taken off from Yan'an and soon arrived at Jiulongpo in Chongqing. He said that the reason why the Democratic League and the cousin were not notified (Zhang Lan's name is Biao Fang, and the people at that time respectfully called the cousin) was because they were afraid that the Kuomintang would engage in conspiracy, and the meeting period of the leaders of the two parties was difficult to determine in advance. However, Zhang Lan, who was already 74 years old, was not afraid of the Kuomintang's conspiracy. He immediately decided to go to the airport to welcome Mao Zedong with Shen Junru, Huang Yanpei, Guo Moruo, Chen Mingshu, Zhang Bojun, Shao Lizi, Liang Shuming, etc. At Chongqing Airport, Zhang Lan and Mao Zedong met for the first time. ◆In 1945, Mao Zedong, Zhang Lan and others were at Chongqing Airport. Zhang Lan later told his family many times about the scene when he first met Mao Zedong. According to Zhang Lan's granddaughter Zhang Meiying's recollection: on August 28, Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China delegation arrived in Chongqing. Qiao Guanhua was the representative of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing at that time. After the plane landed, Qiao Guanhua introduced the representatives who came to welcome him in turn. Chairman Mao recognized Zhang Lan with a glittering beard in the crowd at a glance. Without waiting for Qiao Guanhua to introduce, Mao Zedong walked over: "Are you Mr. Zhang? Hello! On a hot day, you went to the airport to greet him personally. Don't dare to be him!" Mr. Cousin said: "You work hard for state affairs and live up to expectations, you should be obeyed!" At that time, there was a saying that "If you get Sichuan, you must get Zhang Lan first", and he is also the leader of the democratic parties, so Zhang Lan has long become the target that both the Kuomintang and the Communist Party must strive for. When Chiang Kai-shek entered Sichuan, Chen Lifu and mobilized Zhang Lan to greet him repeatedly, but he did not go. His reputation of being "unfair and straightforward" and being upright had already reached Yan'an, so Mao Zedong respected Zhang Lan who came to the airport to greet him.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan three times during his time in Chongqing. At that time, Zhang Lan lived in Shangqing Temple Special Garden, which was also the place where democrats gathered in Chongqing. Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan three times and met with Zhang Lan in person.
Mao Zedong first visited Zhang Lan on August 30, just two days after he arrived in Chongqing. That morning, after Mao Zedong had just met with Chiang Kai-shek, he went to visit Zhang Lan in the afternoon with Zhou Enlai. Zhang Lan and others were waiting for Mao Zedong at the door.As soon as Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan met, they shook hands enthusiastically with Zhang Lan and said hello to Zhang Lan. The staff of the Special Garden and the students who lived here stood on both sides and witnessed Mao Zedong's prosperity. Mao Zedong greeted them kindly and kindly and greeted them. The young man who was familiar with Zhou Enlai was called "Uncle Zhou", and Zhou Enlai nodded to them with a smile. Mao Zedong's entourage was also humble and polite. When Mao Zedong saw that the hired workers from the Special Garden also came to greet him, he began to shake hands with the employees one by one from under the stairs. There were some workers who had just finished the fire and their hands were very dirty. Mao Zedong never disliked these things. Mao Zedong treated Zhang Lan's employed workers equally, which left a deep impression on Zhang Lan and respected Mao Zedong very much. Zhang Lan later said that "the one who wins the world is Mao Zedong" was inspired by this incident. Then, Zhang Lan brought Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai into his bedroom for a conversation.
◆Zhang Lan
Mao Zedong conveyed the greetings from Zhu De and Wu Yuzhang to Zhang Lan, and handed Zhang Lan a letter and a gift from Zhu De - a red large square blanket produced in Yan'an. Zhu De's hometown is in , Sichuan , and was a student of Zhang Lan in his early years and respected Zhang Lan very much; Wu Yuzhang was Zhang Lan's old friend. Zhu De's letter to Mr. Zhang Lan was raised: "Comment on my teacher", and the signature was: "Student Zhu De". Zhu De also wrote in the letter: "We support your career." From this letter, Zhang Lan saw that the Communist Party supported the cause of the Democratic League and was very moved. After Zhang Lan accepted Zhu De's letter and gift and expressed his gratitude, the conversation came to the main point. Zhang Lan first expressed: he understood Mao Zedong's sincerity in visiting Chongqing to negotiate with Chiang Kai-shek, but expressed concern about Mao Zedong's security. Mao Zedong explained to Zhang Lan in detail six emergency measures in the "Declaration on on the Current Situation" of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on August 25. Finally, he briefly summarized: Our requirements are: recognize the elected governments and anti-Japanese troops in the liberated areas, demarcate areas where the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army, and the South China Anti-Japanese Columns of the South China Anti-Japanese Columns, severely punish traitors, disband the puppet army, reorganize the army fairly and reasonably, recognize the legitimate status of each party, protect the freedom and rights of the people, and immediately convene a meeting of representatives of each party. Zhang Lan deeply agreed after hearing this. Mao Zedong also introduced to Zhang Lan the situation of government construction, new social outlook, people's welfare, production, education, etc. in the liberated areas led by the Communist Party of China. Zhang Lan listened carefully and was very happy that the Communist Party could build a new society in the liberated areas, and thus saw China's hope. The two were in great enthusiasm for talks and talked for more than two hours. It was not until it was too late that Mao Zedong's guards came in to report to Mao Zedong: The time for Zhang Zhizhong to hold a dinner for Mao Zedong was coming, and Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan ended the conversation.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan for the second time, at noon on September 2. At that time, Zhang Lan invited Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Wang Ruofei in the special garden in the name of the China Democratic League. Zhang Lan also invited some democratic figures to accompany him. After meeting with Zhang Lan and others in Teyuan, Mao Zedong specifically talked about the Communist Party's sincerity in peace and the proposition of democratic country building. He talked about the principle of "peace is the most important" and said: The Communist Party advocates democracy and the founding of the country. Mao Zedong said humorously: "This is a 'home of democracy', and I'm back home! Today, we gather at the 'home of democracy'. In the future, we will work together to live in a 'normal country'." Mao Zedong had a very harmonious conversation with many democratic figures who accompanied him, and there were many topics, just like a family chatting together. He introduced the situation of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to Zhang Lan and other democrats, and jointly discussed issues behind the southwest , as well as issues such as political consultation meetings, coalition governments, and united fronts. On this day, Mao Zedong, who was not good at drinking, was happy to drink date wine with Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong also wrote four words for the owner of the special garden: "The light is in sight." In advance, Mao Zedong had arranged to meet with friendly people from all walks of life in Guiyuan , and the banquet ended happily.
Mao Zedong visited Zhang Lan for the third time on the afternoon of September 15th. This time, Mao Zedong came to Teyuan to have a secret talk with Zhang Lan. This time, the two talked the longest and deepest.
◆After Mao Zedong met with Zhang Lan, in order to make the content of the Kuomintang-Republic talks public, he agreed to publish an open letter to Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong in the name of Zhang Lan, hoping that the Kuomintang and the Communist Party would take this opportunity to completely resolve the national problems. The picture shows Zhang Lan’s open letter handwriting.
Mao Zedong met with Zhang Lan in Zhang Lan's bedroom. Mao Zedong first introduced to Zhang Lan the results of his negotiations with the Kuomintang after he came to Chongqing. After Mao Zedong talked about the fact that the negotiations achieved certain results, he emphasized that the key is that the problems of the regime and military in the liberated areas have not been resolved. The Kuomintang, under the banner of unified national government orders and military orders, asked the Communist Party to hand over the regime and the army, which put the negotiations to a deadlock. Mao Zedong said bluntly: Chiang Kai-shek wanted to fight the civil war and unify China by force with the help of the United States. Zhang Lan also realized that the Communist Party was facing a sinister situation and said sincerely to Mao Zedong: When I was engaged in autonomy in northern Sichuan, I knew the importance of the regime and the army. You cannot hand over the regime and the army, and you must persist. The people of the whole country hope to you. You must preserve some clean land for China! Zhang Lan also gave Mao Zedong an idea: What has been negotiated with the Kuomintang should be made public and let everyone know so that Chiang Kai-shek would not admit it. Mao Zedong adopted Zhang Lan's suggestion and expressed that he should consider countermeasures. Zhang Lan felt that the Communist Party of China had unilaterally disclosed the results of the negotiations, and the Kuomintang did not agree, and the Communist Party was also difficult to deal with, so he said to Mao Zedong: "If you have any inconvenience, I will write an open letter to the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to spread these issues before the people of the whole country, so as to be supervised and promoted by the people of the whole country." Mao Zedong immediately adopted this proposal and praised Zhang Lan in person for his "old and successful planning of the country." On the night after the meeting, Zhang Lan wrote an "Open Letter to the Leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party", spreading the content of the talks between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and published it in Chongqing's " Xinmin Daily " and Chengdu's "West China Evening News". During the talks between Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan, Mao Zedong sincerely told Zhang Lan: In this negotiation with the Kuomintang, the Communist Party is willing to make greater concessions, but the Kuomintang will not allow the Communist Party to exist, and a civil war may break out at any time. If the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fight, I hope Zhang Lan calls on the southwest to unite the Communist Party and oppose Chiang Kai-shek, and at the same time assist the underground party in carrying out guerrilla warfare . Zhang Lan agreed that if the Kuomintang and the Communist Party fought, he would definitely do it according to Mao Zedong's opinion. Zhang Lan always believes in his words and will do what he does. After Chongqing negotiates with , he personally came forward to absorb some Southwest generals as secret members of the Democratic League, and handed them over the tasks: support the democratic movement, cover up the underground members of the Communist Party of China and progressives, boycott Chiang Kai-shek's dictatorship, and revolt at the right time. This laid the foundation for the Communist Party to carry out revolutionary struggles in Chiang-managed District and instigate some Kuomintang military uprisings, and successfully resolve the Southwest issue.
Mao Zedong talked to Zhang Lan three times, so that Zhang Lan could see that only the Communist Party could save China and the hope of the Chinese people, thus strengthening the belief in cooperation with the Communist Party. From then on, Zhang Lan and the Kuomintang gradually drifted apart.
Mao Zedong instructed to ensure Zhang Lan's safety
In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched a full-scale civil war, and Zhang Lan was completely disappointed with the Kuomintang. When the Kuomintang was preparing to convene the National Assembly, Zhang Lan firmly stated: He will not attend the National Assembly. This was an important measure for Zhang Lan to oppose the one-party dictatorship of the Kuomintang, because among the democratic parties at that time, there were many parties within the Democratic League and were representatives of the third aspect. The Kuomintang decided to unilaterally convene the National Congress that year. If it participates in the third aspect, it will prove the legitimacy of the National Congress; if it does not participate in the third aspect, it will be illegal. As a result, Chiang Kai-shek and others hated Zhang Lan's decision. Soon, the Kuomintang spies assassinated Li Gongpu and Wen Yiduo. Zhang Lan personally presided over the memorial service between Li and Wen in Chengdu, and said at the meeting: I decided to follow the two men's feet and devote myself to China's peace and democracy, and only after my death. After the memorial service, Zhang Lan was attacked by Kuomintang spies and injured in the head.
On November 12, 1946, Chiang Kai-shek insisted on his own initiative and forcibly convened the pseudo-National Congress. The Democratic League will never participate.When the pseudo-National National Congress was held, there was no name for the Democratic League in the newspaper, which indicated the complete break between the Democratic League and the Kuomintang. In mid-November, Zhang Lan went to Shanghai to lead the national democratic movement. In order to win over Zhang Lan, Chiang Kai-shek sent many people to invite him to talk to Chiang Kai-shek when he passed by Nanjing, but Zhang Lan flatly rejected him. After Zhang Lan arrived in Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek sent someone to invite Zhang Lan, but Zhang Lan refused again. Chiang Kai-shek was very angry about this. On October 28, 1947, the Ministry of the Interior of the Kuomintang declared that the Democratic League was an illegal group, and the members of the alliance were dealt with in accordance with the "Measures for Handling the Communist Party of the Rear". On October 29, the Kuomintang published the "Truth of the Democratic League's participation in the rebellion". On November 5, Chen Lifu drafted a notice to disband the Democratic League, and gave it to Zhang Lan and other leaders of the Democratic League, and asked Zhang Lan and others to "not change a word." Faced with the pressure from the Kuomintang, in order to ensure the safety of all members of the alliance, Zhang Lan and other leaders of the Democratic League held a nine-hour meeting, and finally Zhang Lan signed the notice. On November 7, Zhang Lan issued a public personal statement: He hopes that everyone will continue to work for peace, unity and democracy within the legal limits, from the standpoint of patriotic citizens. Zhang Lan's granddaughter Zhang Meiying later said: Zhang Lan did this to tell the Kuomintang: I will continue to fight with you, and you will come to me in the future! After that, Zhang Lan did not stop fighting with the Kuomintang. He arranged for Shen Junru and other members of the Democratic League to go to Hong Kong to restore the Democratic League. The Kuomintang regarded Zhang Lan as a dangerous person and sent spies to surround Zhang Lan's residence.
1949, the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai and Pingjin ended, and the Kuomintang was defeated. In order to breathe, Chiang Kai-shek sent Zhang Lan's fellow villager Zhang Qun to find Zhang Lan and asked him to come out to be the mediator of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, Zhang Lan clearly stated: It is a dispute between revolution and counter-revolutionary. I stand on the side of the Communist Party and no longer be a mediator. When Zhang Lan was so clearly and openly standing on the side of the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek planned to kill Zhang Lan, but due to Zhang Lan's prestige, he did not dare to take action for a while.
◆In 1949, Zhang Lan (center) and Luo Longji (right) who were placed under house arrest by the Kuomintang government in Shanghai Hongqiao Sanatorium.
On March 5, 1949, the headquarters of the Democratic League moved to Beiping , which had been liberated by the Communist Party. Mao Zedong sent Zhang Lan and others to go to Peking to participate in the preparations for the new CPPCC. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek had announced his "retirement" and the "president" was represented by Li Zongren . Li Zongren sent Gan Jiehou , Shao Lizi and others to Shanghai to visit Zhang Lan, asking him to come forward to do mediation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and reopen the peace talks, but Zhang Lan flatly refused.
On May 29, 1949, in order to celebrate the successful march of the Chinese People's Liberation Army into the Kuomintang-controlled region, Zhang Lan sent a telegram to Mao Zedong to express his support. Mao Zedong replied to Zhang Lan on June 1 to express his gratitude. The message said:
Mr. Fang: Yandian is very familiar with it. The revolutionary war develops rapidly, and the remaining enemies will be wiped out for a long time. The future work focuses on construction. We urgently hope that all parties will work together to work together. Mr. Luo (referring to Luo Longji) is preparing to come to Peking, and we are very welcome.
At this time, Zhang Lan had decided to go to Peking to participate in the great cause of establishing a new China led by the Communist Party.
Chiang Kai-shek also expected that Zhang Lan would cooperate with the Communist Party, so he sent spies to monitor him at all times, and Zhang Lan's personal safety was threatened. When Mao Zedong, who was far away in Peking, learned about Zhang Lan's situation, he immediately gave instructions:
Zhang Lan and Luo Longji were the leaders of the Democratic League and representatives of the New Political Consultative Conference, and told the comrades in Shanghai that they would ensure their safety.
Mao Zedong's instructions were passed by Zhou Enlai to the Shanghai underground party organization. Zhou Enlai also specifically instructed the Shanghai underground party to follow Comrade Mao Zedong's instructions and try every means to ensure the safety of Mr. Zhang Lan's life.
In order to implement the instructions of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, the Shanghai underground party organization took a lot of thoughts and went all out to rescue Zhang Lan and others. With the joint efforts of the underground party organization and the Kuomintang generals who were preparing for the uprising, Zhang Lan and others were finally rescued and successfully arrived in the liberated area in May 1949.When Zhang Lan learned that he was rescued and arrived in the liberated area under the care of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, he said to Luo Longji: "Nusheng (Luo Longji's name is Nusheng), see if you see, you will recreate it!"
Mao Zedong invited Zhang Lan at home to the banquet
After Mao Zedong learned that Zhang Lan escaped and arrived in the liberated area smoothly, he called Zhang Lan on June 1, 1949 on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, inviting him to go north to attend the New CPPCC meeting and discuss the plan to establish the country. After receiving the phone, Zhang Lan happily agreed and set off for Peiping. On the 9th, Zhang Lan took the train to the Qianmen Station in Peiping. Mao Zedong was busy that day and did not take time to welcome Zhang Lan. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China specially sent Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and several heads of the Democratic League to greet him. As soon as Zhu De and Zhang Lan met, they saluted his teacher and expressed their highest respect to him. After Zhou Enlai saw Zhang Lan, he held his hand and said, "Cousin, you took the risk for us and endured hardships!" Zhang Lan was arranged to stay in Beijing Hotel . The next day, Mao Zedong made a special trip from Shuangqing Villa to visit Zhang Lan, who had just arrived in Peking.
4 years ago, when Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan met in Chongqing, the Kuomintang was still very strong. After 4 years, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan met at a Beijing Hotel. It was a foregone conclusion that the Communist Party won the world, so the two were very happy when they met. After Mao Zedong greeted Zhang Lan, Zhang Lan said with emotion: "The Communist Party is really capable and has achieved such a great victory." Mao Zedong smiled and said: "We Communists actually have no extraordinary skills. We have just been modest, cautious, hardworking, frugal, serving the people wholeheartedly, and the people of the whole country support us. This is why some things have been accomplished." Zhang Lan said with deep emotion: "The first eight words the Chairman said are the traditional virtues of the Chinese people. A few people can do it, but it is difficult to do the latter sentence! I am afraid this is also the root cause of the ruling people in history, right?" Mao Zedong agreed. He also asked Zhang Lan about his daily life in detail, and sought Zhang Lan's opinions on the convening of the political consultation meeting.
◆On October 1, 1949, the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. Zhang Lan (second from right) participated in the founding ceremony of the on the Tiananmen Gate Tower, along with Mao Zedong and other Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and state leaders.
The next day, Mao Zedong sent a car to invite Zhang Lan to have dinner at his residence at Juxiang Bookstore in Zhongnanhai . Before the driver set off, Mao Zedong specifically reminded him: When climbing the hills, the car should be slower and more stable. When the car arrived in Zhongnanhai, Mao Zedong came out to greet him in person, and personally helped Zhang Lan get out of the car and helped him up the steps. Mao Zedong's family dinner was just vinegar and vegetables , bitter melon, tofu, bean sprouts, a bowl of soup, plus a small dish of chili peppers. Zhang Lan was very moved by this. After he returned home, he said to his children: "Mao Zedong invited me to a meal. He was so frugal. This gave me great hope in the future China! The Communist Party is really a party for the country and the people!"
On September 21, 1949, the first plenary meeting of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held in Beijing. Zhang Lan attended the meeting as Chairman of the China Democratic League and was elected Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. On October 1, when the founding ceremony of the People's Republic of China was held on the Tiananmen Gate Tower, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan climbed the Tiananmen Gate Tower to attend the ceremony. When Mao Zedong saw Zhang Lan still wearing a faded local cloth gown and wearing an melon-skin hat on the Tiananmen Gate Tower, he praised him in public and said, "Cousin, you are very good, your virtue is very good, you are keeping pace with the day." After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong attached great importance to Zhang Lan's arrangements. In addition to being elected as the first Central Committee of the Democratic League, Zhang Lan was also elected as Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the First National People's Congress and Vice Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference in 1954 at the suggestion of Mao Zedong and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Major state affairs Mao Zedong sought Zhang Lan’s opinions
In the early days of the founding of New China, everything was in trouble. As the President of the People's Republic of China, Mao Zedong worked hard day and night for state affairs, and Mr. Zhang Lan, as the Vice President of the People's Republic of China, also devoted all his energy to the great cause of building a new China.Zhang Lan is from , Sichuan , and has been active in Sichuan for a long time. After he served as Vice President of the State, people from all walks of life in Sichuan respect him very much, especially those who had old friends with Zhang Lan in the past, and felt that reporting the situation to Zhang Lan was more direct, so they wrote to him directly, reporting the local situation or asking him for advice. Shortly after Zhang Lan took office, he received hundreds of people's letters from Sichuan, which put forward various opinions and requests. Zhang Lan looked at the letters carefully and asked the secretary to help him classify the contents of the letters, write out the summary, and did some comprehensive work on the similar content. Then, when he met Mao Zedong at the State Council, he handed the materials to Mao Zedong in person. Every time Mao Zedong received the materials given to him by Zhang Lan, he would read them carefully and write instructions on some important materials. Zhang Lan also expressed his opinions and opinions on the materials reflected below. Mao Zedong respected Zhang Lan's opinions very much and adopted his suggestions every time. Not only that, Mao Zedong also took the initiative to solicit Zhang Lan’s opinions on important national personnel arrangements. Especially when the Central People's Government decided to establish major administrative regions, Mao Zedong had to listen specifically to Zhang Lan's opinions on the arrangements of leaders of the major administrative regions, provincial and municipal levels. When considering arranging leaders of the people's governments of each province, Zhang Lan recommended to Mao Zedong some democratic parties, non-party democrats, well-known experts and professors to participate in government leadership work, or participate in leadership work in various government departments. Mao Zedong adopted this.
◆On October 9, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan had a cordial conversation at the first session of the First Session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
When Mao Zedong made major decisions, he paid special attention to soliciting Zhang Lan's opinions. Before Mao Zedong made the decision to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea in 1950, he specifically solicited Zhang Lan's opinions. Zhang Lan also said something straightforwardly and never concealed his own opinions. At that time, Zhang Lan disagreed with China's sending troops into North Korea to fight. His granddaughter Zhang Meiying introduced this situation and said: After the liberation of
, his cousin actively participated in the construction of New China, but he had some opinions on some things, such as the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. He believed that after so many years of war, he should rest and not intervene in foreign wars. However, under the pressure of the Soviet Union, China had to send troops. Later, Zhu De came to do work for his cousin and obeyed the overall situation. My cousin said, if the central government decides, I will lead the Democratic League to resolutely resist the U.S. aid Korea.
When the CPC Central Committee decided to send troops to North Korea to fight, Zhang Lan refused to follow the preface and actively supported China's resistance to the U.S. aid Korea. Zhang Meiying recalled:
cousin has stopped eating meat since then, and all the money saved is donated to planes and cannons. And we were not allowed to eat meat anymore. My dad bought me a new piece of clothing, and my cousin scolded me and my dad in person, so he immediately took it off and returned.
In 1954, Mao Zedong presided over the formulation of the first Constitution of New China. During the preparation stage, Mao Zedong sincerely said to him when he met Zhang Lan: "For many years, I hope there will be a people's constitution. Please make more suggestions during the preparation process." Since then, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan studied many major issues in formulating the Constitution of New China. Leaders such as Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai who participated in the formulation of the Constitution also studied with Zhang Lan. Zhang Lan also seriously considered the formulation of the Constitution, put forward many valuable opinions, and contributed to the formulation of the Constitution in New China.
◆On August 20, 1954, Zhang Lan listened to the report at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Zhang Lan is very familiar with s southwest region . Therefore, Mao Zedong often sent important materials from the southwest region to Zhang Lan for review. When considering the work in the southwest region, he paid special attention to soliciting Zhang Lan's opinions. On January 22, 1951, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to Zhang Lan, which read:
Mr. Fang: Comrade Deng Xiaoping, Secretary of the Southwest Bureau, gave me a report to me and asked for inspection (you can ask your secretary to read it to you). You can see the general situation of work in the Southwest. Please send it back after reading it. Is Mr. I in good health? I am very concerned and paying tribute.
On January 28, 1951, Mao Zedong wrote another letter to Zhang Lan.The letter reads:
Mr. Fang: The bandit suppression work in the southwest region achieved great success last year, eliminating more than 800,000 bandits, and over 400,000 guns were seized. The remaining bandits were less than 10,000, and they could be completely wiped out in two or three months. I will send a summary report from the Southwest Military Region. If you are in spirit, you can read it. You can watch it slowly and you can return it to me within a week. Salute tribute!
Zhang Lan carefully read the materials given to him by Mao Zedong, and carefully considered many major issues, and then put forward his own opinions to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong also attached great importance to Zhang Lan's opinions. Not only did it adopt them, but he also asked the leaders of the southwest region to do it seriously in accordance with Mr. Zhang Lan's opinions.
Mao Zedong personally celebrated Zhang Lan's birthday
Zhang Lan, as the vice president of the country, often attends meetings held by the Central Committee and discusses national affairs with Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders. Every time Mao Zedong held a meeting with Zhang Lan, he would ask him about his well-being. The summer in Beijing is so hot that it is unbearable, and electric fans are available in the Zhongnanhai Conference Hall. Seeing that Zhang Lan was old and was afraid that he would catch a cold when he turned on the electric fan, Mao Zedong greeted the staff himself and asked them not to turn on the electric fan. Party and state leaders such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai met in a very high temperature. Seeing that in order to take care of himself, many leaders of the CPC Central Committee could not use electric fans, Zhang Lan was often covered in sweat and his clothes were soaked in sweat. He was very sorry and apologized to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong said: "Respect for the elderly is a fine tradition of the Chinese people. Don't be polite to cousin."
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Lan had a lot of work. He went to Zhongnanhai to work at 8 am every morning, and often did not go home to rest until 9 am or 10 pm. After a long time, Mao Zedong found that Zhang Lan was old and sick, and was weak, so he advised him not to go to work every day and rest more at home. The Chinese medicine and tonic medicines given to Mao Zedong by the foreign head of state and the National Day Trip delegation, Mao Zedong often sent people to Zhang Lan, and also dispatched his guard Xiao Gao to be Zhang Lan's guard.
Mao Zedong's respect for Zhang Lan was also reflected in the fact that he wrote a letter to celebrate Zhang Lan's birthday. Mao Zedong said as early as the Yan'an period that in the Communist Party, we should not celebrate birthdays within the Communist Party, but he believed that leaders of democratic parties like Zhang Lan should be exceptional and should celebrate birthdays. April 2, 1951 was the day when Zhang Lan's 80th birthday was full. On that day, Mao Zedong and Zhu De both wrote birthday letters to Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong wrote in his birthday letter to Zhang Lan:
Mr. Fang: Xinfeng’s birthday is 80 years old, I would like to express my sincere congratulations!
Mao Zedong
On this day, Mao Zedong also sent Liu Shaoqi to Zhang Lan on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to express his congratulations to Zhang Lan on his 80th birthday. Afterwards, Liu Shaoqi held a banquet at Ziguang Pavilion in Zhongnanhai to celebrate Zhang Lan's birthday. Hundreds of people attended the banquet, including senior party and government cadres, leaders of democratic parties and famous democratic figures notified by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The atmosphere at the venue was warm and Zhang Lan was also very happy.
Mao Zedong said: "Cousin, you are a banner."
After the age of eighty, Zhang Lan felt that he was getting older and his body was weaker day by day, so he had the plan to retreat. On May Day in 1954, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan both climbed to the Tiananmen Gate Tower to participate in the celebration. When Zhang Lan and Mao Zedong met, they proposed to Mao Zedong the idea of retreating. Zhang Lan told Mao Zedong: I am 82 years old now, my body is weakening day by day, and I have no contribution to the country. Please allow me to resign from my current position and take care of my illness! The ancients had historical examples of "begging for bones", and I also "begging for bones" from Chairman Mao.Unexpectedly, Mao Zedong disagreed with him to retreat. He said to Zhang Lan very seriously: "Cousin, you can't resign!" I was all you who pushed me to the position of chairman. If you quit, wouldn't I become a lonely person? Then Chairman Mao said with a smile: "Cousin, you are a banner, and you can't do anything, and this function is something that others can't do. The cousin is the big boss in the world! Soon, Mao Zedong sent Peng Zhen, vice chairman and secretary-general of the National People's Congress, and Li Weihan, director of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, to visit him, conveying to him Mao Zedong's sincere intention to keep him, and advised Zhang Lan to dispel his resignation. Zhang Lan is very grateful to Mao Zedong for his respect and trust. With Mao Zedong's sincere love, Zhang Lan no longer insisted on resigning and continued to work for the country and the people in his position as Vice President of the State.
Later, Zhang Lan told his relatives and the staff around him what Mao Zedong said to him on the Tiananmen Gate Tower on May Day. After saying that, he laughed and said, "Haha! I have become a flag."
Mao Zedong kept his mind for one hour for Zhang Lan
Mao Zedong was very concerned about Zhang Lan's physical condition, and repeatedly asked Zhang Lan to work hard on the holiday, and asked the staff around him to take care of Zhang Lan's health. If Zhang Lan had any discomfort, Mao Zedong immediately sent medical staff to treat him. But Zhang Lan is older and her health is getting worse and worse. On January 27, 1955, Zhang Lan was seriously ill. Mao Zedong instructed him to be admitted to the best medical conditions at that time, and instructed the relevant departments to do their best to treat him. Under Mao Zedong's personal inquiries, the relevant departments transferred many famous traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in Beijing to treat and treat them with doctors from Beijing Hospital, and invited high-level Soviet medical experts and doctors from Beijing Hospital to treat Zhang Lan. Under Mao Zedong's concern, Beijing Hospital used the best medical equipment at that time and the best medicine at that time. However, Zhang Lan finally died of illness at 12:30 on February 9, 1955 at the age of 84.
After Zhang Lan's death, Mao Zedong was very sad and was very concerned about arranging Zhang Lan's funeral. Zhang Lan's subsequent affairs were arranged by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the National People's Congress, and the State Council. A Zhang Lan funeral committee headed by Zhu De, with Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Soong Ching Ling, , Li Jishen and other party and state leaders participating. The leaders of the Party and state, including Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Soong Ching Ling, personally watched the burial. The coffin after Zhang Lan's death was parked in the Zhongshan Memorial Hall in Zhongshan Park , where the coffin was parked after Sun Yat-sen's death. In order to express his respect for Mr. Zhang Lan, Mao Zedong personally went to the Zhongshan Memorial Hall of Zhongshan Park to guard Zhang Lan's coffin for one hour, and extended deep condolences and condolences to Zhang Lan's wife Liu Huizheng and his children. On February 13, 1955, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a public memorial meeting, with Liu Shaoqi as the main priest, and Lin Boqu delivered an eulogy. Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and others personally carried the carvings and escorted Zhang Lan's coffin to burial at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
Zhang Lan is from , Sichuan , and has been active in Sichuan for a long time. After he served as Vice President of the State, people from all walks of life in Sichuan respect him very much, especially those who had old friends with Zhang Lan in the past, and felt that reporting the situation to Zhang Lan was more direct, so they wrote to him directly, reporting the local situation or asking him for advice. Shortly after Zhang Lan took office, he received hundreds of people's letters from Sichuan, which put forward various opinions and requests. Zhang Lan looked at the letters carefully and asked the secretary to help him classify the contents of the letters, write out the summary, and did some comprehensive work on the similar content. Then, when he met Mao Zedong at the State Council, he handed the materials to Mao Zedong in person. Every time Mao Zedong received the materials given to him by Zhang Lan, he would read them carefully and write instructions on some important materials. Zhang Lan also expressed his opinions and opinions on the materials reflected below. Mao Zedong respected Zhang Lan's opinions very much and adopted his suggestions every time. Not only that, Mao Zedong also took the initiative to solicit Zhang Lan’s opinions on important national personnel arrangements. Especially when the Central People's Government decided to establish major administrative regions, Mao Zedong had to listen specifically to Zhang Lan's opinions on the arrangements of leaders of the major administrative regions, provincial and municipal levels. When considering arranging leaders of the people's governments of each province, Zhang Lan recommended to Mao Zedong some democratic parties, non-party democrats, well-known experts and professors to participate in government leadership work, or participate in leadership work in various government departments. Mao Zedong adopted this.This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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◆On October 9, 1949, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan had a cordial conversation at the first session of the First Session of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
When Mao Zedong made major decisions, he paid special attention to soliciting Zhang Lan's opinions. Before Mao Zedong made the decision to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea in 1950, he specifically solicited Zhang Lan's opinions. Zhang Lan also said something straightforwardly and never concealed his own opinions. At that time, Zhang Lan disagreed with China's sending troops into North Korea to fight. His granddaughter Zhang Meiying introduced this situation and said: After the liberation of
, his cousin actively participated in the construction of New China, but he had some opinions on some things, such as the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. He believed that after so many years of war, he should rest and not intervene in foreign wars. However, under the pressure of the Soviet Union, China had to send troops. Later, Zhu De came to do work for his cousin and obeyed the overall situation. My cousin said, if the central government decides, I will lead the Democratic League to resolutely resist the U.S. aid Korea.
When the CPC Central Committee decided to send troops to North Korea to fight, Zhang Lan refused to follow the preface and actively supported China's resistance to the U.S. aid Korea. Zhang Meiying recalled:
cousin has stopped eating meat since then, and all the money saved is donated to planes and cannons. And we were not allowed to eat meat anymore. My dad bought me a new piece of clothing, and my cousin scolded me and my dad in person, so he immediately took it off and returned.
In 1954, Mao Zedong presided over the formulation of the first Constitution of New China. During the preparation stage, Mao Zedong sincerely said to him when he met Zhang Lan: "For many years, I hope there will be a people's constitution. Please make more suggestions during the preparation process." Since then, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan studied many major issues in formulating the Constitution of New China. Leaders such as Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai who participated in the formulation of the Constitution also studied with Zhang Lan. Zhang Lan also seriously considered the formulation of the Constitution, put forward many valuable opinions, and contributed to the formulation of the Constitution in New China.
◆On August 20, 1954, Zhang Lan listened to the report at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Zhang Lan is very familiar with s southwest region . Therefore, Mao Zedong often sent important materials from the southwest region to Zhang Lan for review. When considering the work in the southwest region, he paid special attention to soliciting Zhang Lan's opinions. On January 22, 1951, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to Zhang Lan, which read:
Mr. Fang: Comrade Deng Xiaoping, Secretary of the Southwest Bureau, gave me a report to me and asked for inspection (you can ask your secretary to read it to you). You can see the general situation of work in the Southwest. Please send it back after reading it. Is Mr. I in good health? I am very concerned and paying tribute.
On January 28, 1951, Mao Zedong wrote another letter to Zhang Lan.The letter reads:
Mr. Fang: The bandit suppression work in the southwest region achieved great success last year, eliminating more than 800,000 bandits, and over 400,000 guns were seized. The remaining bandits were less than 10,000, and they could be completely wiped out in two or three months. I will send a summary report from the Southwest Military Region. If you are in spirit, you can read it. You can watch it slowly and you can return it to me within a week. Salute tribute!
Zhang Lan carefully read the materials given to him by Mao Zedong, and carefully considered many major issues, and then put forward his own opinions to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong also attached great importance to Zhang Lan's opinions. Not only did it adopt them, but he also asked the leaders of the southwest region to do it seriously in accordance with Mr. Zhang Lan's opinions.
Mao Zedong personally celebrated Zhang Lan's birthday
Zhang Lan, as the vice president of the country, often attends meetings held by the Central Committee and discusses national affairs with Mao Zedong and other party and state leaders. Every time Mao Zedong held a meeting with Zhang Lan, he would ask him about his well-being. The summer in Beijing is so hot that it is unbearable, and electric fans are available in the Zhongnanhai Conference Hall. Seeing that Zhang Lan was old and was afraid that he would catch a cold when he turned on the electric fan, Mao Zedong greeted the staff himself and asked them not to turn on the electric fan. Party and state leaders such as Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, and Zhou Enlai met in a very high temperature. Seeing that in order to take care of himself, many leaders of the CPC Central Committee could not use electric fans, Zhang Lan was often covered in sweat and his clothes were soaked in sweat. He was very sorry and apologized to Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong said: "Respect for the elderly is a fine tradition of the Chinese people. Don't be polite to cousin."
In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Lan had a lot of work. He went to Zhongnanhai to work at 8 am every morning, and often did not go home to rest until 9 am or 10 pm. After a long time, Mao Zedong found that Zhang Lan was old and sick, and was weak, so he advised him not to go to work every day and rest more at home. The Chinese medicine and tonic medicines given to Mao Zedong by the foreign head of state and the National Day Trip delegation, Mao Zedong often sent people to Zhang Lan, and also dispatched his guard Xiao Gao to be Zhang Lan's guard.
Mao Zedong's respect for Zhang Lan was also reflected in the fact that he wrote a letter to celebrate Zhang Lan's birthday. Mao Zedong said as early as the Yan'an period that in the Communist Party, we should not celebrate birthdays within the Communist Party, but he believed that leaders of democratic parties like Zhang Lan should be exceptional and should celebrate birthdays. April 2, 1951 was the day when Zhang Lan's 80th birthday was full. On that day, Mao Zedong and Zhu De both wrote birthday letters to Zhang Lan. Mao Zedong wrote in his birthday letter to Zhang Lan:
Mr. Fang: Xinfeng’s birthday is 80 years old, I would like to express my sincere congratulations!
Mao Zedong
On this day, Mao Zedong also sent Liu Shaoqi to Zhang Lan on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to express his congratulations to Zhang Lan on his 80th birthday. Afterwards, Liu Shaoqi held a banquet at Ziguang Pavilion in Zhongnanhai to celebrate Zhang Lan's birthday. Hundreds of people attended the banquet, including senior party and government cadres, leaders of democratic parties and famous democratic figures notified by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The atmosphere at the venue was warm and Zhang Lan was also very happy.
Mao Zedong said: "Cousin, you are a banner."
After the age of eighty, Zhang Lan felt that he was getting older and his body was weaker day by day, so he had the plan to retreat. On May Day in 1954, Mao Zedong and Zhang Lan both climbed to the Tiananmen Gate Tower to participate in the celebration. When Zhang Lan and Mao Zedong met, they proposed to Mao Zedong the idea of retreating. Zhang Lan told Mao Zedong: I am 82 years old now, my body is weakening day by day, and I have no contribution to the country. Please allow me to resign from my current position and take care of my illness! The ancients had historical examples of "begging for bones", and I also "begging for bones" from Chairman Mao.Unexpectedly, Mao Zedong disagreed with him to retreat. He said to Zhang Lan very seriously: "Cousin, you can't resign!" I was all you who pushed me to the position of chairman. If you quit, wouldn't I become a lonely person? Then Chairman Mao said with a smile: "Cousin, you are a banner, and you can't do anything, and this function is something that others can't do. The cousin is the big boss in the world! Soon, Mao Zedong sent Peng Zhen, vice chairman and secretary-general of the National People's Congress, and Li Weihan, director of the United Front Work Department of the CPC Central Committee, to visit him, conveying to him Mao Zedong's sincere intention to keep him, and advised Zhang Lan to dispel his resignation. Zhang Lan is very grateful to Mao Zedong for his respect and trust. With Mao Zedong's sincere love, Zhang Lan no longer insisted on resigning and continued to work for the country and the people in his position as Vice President of the State.
Later, Zhang Lan told his relatives and the staff around him what Mao Zedong said to him on the Tiananmen Gate Tower on May Day. After saying that, he laughed and said, "Haha! I have become a flag."
Mao Zedong kept his mind for one hour for Zhang Lan
Mao Zedong was very concerned about Zhang Lan's physical condition, and repeatedly asked Zhang Lan to work hard on the holiday, and asked the staff around him to take care of Zhang Lan's health. If Zhang Lan had any discomfort, Mao Zedong immediately sent medical staff to treat him. But Zhang Lan is older and her health is getting worse and worse. On January 27, 1955, Zhang Lan was seriously ill. Mao Zedong instructed him to be admitted to the best medical conditions at that time, and instructed the relevant departments to do their best to treat him. Under Mao Zedong's personal inquiries, the relevant departments transferred many famous traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in Beijing to treat and treat them with doctors from Beijing Hospital, and invited high-level Soviet medical experts and doctors from Beijing Hospital to treat Zhang Lan. Under Mao Zedong's concern, Beijing Hospital used the best medical equipment at that time and the best medicine at that time. However, Zhang Lan finally died of illness at 12:30 on February 9, 1955 at the age of 84.
After Zhang Lan's death, Mao Zedong was very sad and was very concerned about arranging Zhang Lan's funeral. Zhang Lan's subsequent affairs were arranged by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the National People's Congress, and the State Council. A Zhang Lan funeral committee headed by Zhu De, with Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Soong Ching Ling, , Li Jishen and other party and state leaders participating. The leaders of the Party and state, including Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, and Soong Ching Ling, personally watched the burial. The coffin after Zhang Lan's death was parked in the Zhongshan Memorial Hall in Zhongshan Park , where the coffin was parked after Sun Yat-sen's death. In order to express his respect for Mr. Zhang Lan, Mao Zedong personally went to the Zhongshan Memorial Hall of Zhongshan Park to guard Zhang Lan's coffin for one hour, and extended deep condolences and condolences to Zhang Lan's wife Liu Huizheng and his children. On February 13, 1955, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held a public memorial meeting, with Liu Shaoqi as the main priest, and Lin Boqu delivered an eulogy. Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiaoping and others personally carried the carvings and escorted Zhang Lan's coffin to burial at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.
This article is original " Party History Bo Cai "
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