In August 1947, Chiang Kai-shek took the "Meiling" to Yan'an and landed on the dusty runway of Yan'an Airport .
Chiang Kai-shek's visit to Yan'an this time was definitely not an impulse. In addition to trying to create momentum, Chiang Kai-shek also felt an unprecedented crisis deep in his heart.
When Chongqing negotiated , Chiang Kai-shek did not take Chairman Mao seriously. But in less than two years, as the situation changed, the arrogant Chiang Kai-shek realized the seriousness of the matter.
So he finally put down his airs and came to Yan'an.
What Chiang Kai-shek did not expect was that visiting Yan'an in person would bring him such a great shock and make him feel even more uneasy.
When visiting the former site of the Anti-Japanese University, what kind of question did Chiang Kai-shek ask so much that people around him could not answer? In the cave where Chairman Mao once lived, he said something to the farmers, so he fell into deep thought...
The answer to these questions starts with Chiang Kai-shek asking Hu Zongnan to attack Yan'an...
1. It is difficult to ride a tiger, false propaganda
Hu Zongnan is a student of Whampoa Military Academy . He has participated in many major battles and is a general that Chiang Kai-shek attaches great importance to.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Hu Zongnan was in charge of Xi'an, with his main task being to restrain the Japanese army on the flanks and monitor the bases in northern Shaanxi.
In early 1947, the situation of the Kuomintang on the battlefield was no longer as bad as before. It was very necessary to have a victory to stabilize the morale of the army and stabilize the situation. Then attacking Yan'an is something that must be considered.
html At the end of February, Chiang Kai-shek secretly summoned Hu Zongnan in Nanjing and asked about the situation of the battle in northern Shaanxi. Hu Zongnan was very confident in capturing Yan'an. Soon, Hu Zongnan proposed a combat plan to attack Yan'an. Chiang Kai-shek was very satisfied after seeing it and approved it.
Picture | Chiang Kai-shek
At that time, Hu Zongnan's army had nearly 200,000 people, while the newly-organized Northwest Field Army had only more than 20,000 people. The gap in strength was too huge. Perhaps this was also the reason why Hu Zongnan was very confident in attacking Yan'an.
Therefore, when he received Chiang Kai-shek's order, Hu Zongnan was very excited. He felt that it was time to show his strength. With his own strength, it would not be a problem to win Yan'an. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek would be happy and get promoted and make money, fame and fortune, and his status belonged to him.
What Hu Zongnan did not expect was that just when he was extremely excited and enjoyed the happiness brought by capturing Yan'an in advance, almost at the same time, the intelligence personnel had already passed on his complete combat plan to Yan'an, and Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others formulated corresponding response plans.
In mid-March, after all the US military observation teams left Yan'an, Hu Zongnan began to attack Yan'an on a large scale. At the same time, on March 18, the Party Central Committee, Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others withdrew from Yan'an. When
retreated, although he was in a hurry, he was calm and was not close to the real distance from the Kuomintang army. The battle report issued by Hu Zongnan was extremely exaggerated:
injured and killed 16,606 officers and soldiers including the bandit teaching brigade commander, chief of staff, regiment commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, brigade commander, bri
KMT media sent this battle report, which immediately caused a sensation, which also led some people who didn't know the truth to follow the trend, believing that Hu Zongnan is indeed capable and able to fight well.
The so-called capture of Yan'an is just an empty city or the Communist Party of China took the initiative to withdraw. The captured officials and seized weapons were even more fictitious.
In fact, it is not surprising that the Kuomintang army has exaggerated its results in fighting in order to inspire people and achieve higher honors. The point is that the battle report Hu Zongnan wrote to Chiang Kai-shek is also so exaggerated. This is to conceal superiors and mislead judgments, which will cause even more serious consequences such as blind command.
As the person Chiang Kai-shek trusted and capable, it is still the case, so what other people do will behave can be imagined. To a certain extent, this behavior also reflects the darkness and detachment of the Kuomintang officialdom.
Improve that Hu Zongnan won a victory in northern Shaanxi and captured Yan'an, Chiang Kai-shek was very happy and immediately sent a telegram to Hu Zongnan:
Zongnan's brother, the soldiers used their lives to conquer Yan'an in one fell swoop. The achievements were made to the party and the country, which made me so much that I had accumulated anger for more than ten years...
How could Chiang Kai-shek, who was addicted to the victory in victory in northern Shaanxi? What Hu Zongnan gave him was nothing but a silence of joy. After sending the telegram, he ordered the street merchants and people in Nanjing to celebrate the victory in northern Shaanxi.
Soon after, Hu Zongnan was promoted and his subordinates were also promoted. The ambitious Hu Zongnan hurriedly sent someone to Nanjing to take his lover Ye Xiazhai to northern Shaanxi and held a wedding.
It is precisely with this superficial scenery that Hu Zongnan accepted a visit from a group of Chinese and foreign journalists, hoping to expand publicity.
Picture | Hu Zongnan
This kind of propaganda can give people the illusion that the Kuomintang is still very strong to a certain extent, and can also mislead some people who do not know the truth. After
captured Yan'an, Hu Zongnan used Yan'an to do a lot of publicity to win the hearts of local people. But what they didn’t know was that the Kuomintang had only captured Yan'an for a few days, so how could it show great results?
Then the only way is to spend a lot of money and make fakes everywhere. At the end of that year when it was not very wealthy, how long can this practice last?
In order to cooperate with Chiang Kai-shek to show off, Hu Zongnan made a lot of effort. It was not easy to get enough prisoners. Hu Zongnan first ordered people to capture some farmers, and then asked his soldiers to pretend to be, and held training for them. Only then did he pass the test.
Regarding those weapons, Hu Zongnan ordered people to collect the rifles made by Style 38 and Hanyang everywhere. But what is fake is fake after all...
Therefore, when the Chinese and foreign journalists came to Yan'an, they saw a big show.
Fake prisoners of war run back and forth between various prisoners of war camps, performing one performance after another. Sometimes when some careful reporters find something wrong, Hu Zongnan will take out his trick of spending money. The reporters will also hold the money in one hand and write articles in the other, sending vivid battlefield communications back to Nanjing.
In this way, Hu Zongnan successfully passed the inspection of the Chinese and foreign journalists' group.
Photo | Chairman Mao
The enthusiastic Hu Zongnan came to Chairman Mao’s former residence and felt the joy of the winner, but when he opened the drawer, he was shocked.
That is a note with Chairman Mao’s handwriting:
Hu Zongnan entered Yan'an, and his momentum was like a tiger. He could not advance but could not advance, and he could not retreat but could not retreat. What could he do! What can you do!
Hu Zongnan was very angry because he felt very guilty, but he had to maintain his glory by exaggerating the facts. Chairman Mao's short words touched Hu Zongnan's heart.
Since conquering Yan'an, Hu Zongnan has been looking for the main force in northern Shaanxi to fight. In the end, he could only run around like a headless fly. Not only did he not conquering the main force, but he also caused great losses.
Chiang Kai-shek in Nanjing had long been lost by Hu Zongnan's exaggerated telegrams and waves of publicity. He didn't know Hu Zongnan's real situation and wanted to go to Yan'an to take a look.
When he received the news that Chiang Kai-shek was coming to Yan'an, Hu Zongnan began to get busy and began to transport high-end freight such as foreign porcelain washbasins, toilets, and wire beds to Yan'an.
When everything is ready, Chiang Kai-shek began his journey in Yan'an...
2. Visit Anti-Da and was deeply shocked
In August 1947, Chiang Kai-shek took a special plane to Yan'an. As soon as he landed, he was taken to the best hotel in Yan'an by heavy troops.
This time, Chiang Kai-shek was not only moved by Hu Zongnan's reports, but more of it wanted to see where Chairman Mao lived.
He wanted to know what environment Chairman Mao commanded the battle, and wanted to know what special thing was in Yan'an that was worth so many people going to...
Hu Zongnan really took his heart to come to Yan'an for Chiang Kai-shek.When Chiang Kai-shek entered Yan'an City, Hu Zongnan deliberately changed the lyrics of " Oriental Red " and asked the people to sing "Oriental Red, the sun rises, China has a Jiang Zhongzheng ..."
But most of the people did not know who Chiang Zhongzheng was, and they were still singing Chairman Mao's name, but they did not listen to it clearly in the singing of the songs one after another. The arrangement of
naturally made Chiang Kai-shek very happy. He not only waved his hand to say hello to the people, but also praised the people around him for doing a very good job.
Photo | Chiang Kai-shek went to Yan'an
Accompanied by senior Kuomintang officials, Chiang Kai-shek took the lead in China Anti-Japanese Military and Political University (referred to as the Anti-Japanese University), which is also known as the "Whampoa Military Academy" of the Communist Party of China.
It is here that shocked Chiang Kai-shek...
Chiang Kai-shek knew that this was a place for cadres and intellectual young people of the Communist Party of China to learn, but although the place in front of him was a military academy, it was not very similar to a military academy.
Looking at the scene in front of him, Chiang Kai-shek couldn't believe it.
The teaching area here is composed of several caves, each cave contains some simple teaching tools, without a comfortable environment and no decent seats.
The so-called blackboard is painted with charcoal. When Chiang Kai-shek touched it with his hands, it would be a black mark with one hand. Looking at the stools, Chiang Kai-shek wanted to try it out.
Maybe it was because the stool was too short, or maybe it was because it was absent-minded. As soon as Chiang Kai-shek sat on the stool, he almost fell to the ground and made a fool of himself. Jiang Jingguo and Soong Mei-ling immediately helped him after seeing it.
When we arrived at the military training ground, Chiang Kai-shek only saw some homemade Trojan horses and bamboo ladders. The off-road obstacle was just a cliff, and there was no very professional runway or training equipment.
The teaching aids are outdated, and the cliff has left many traces of being climbed by people, and it seems that they are almost out of use.
Chiang Kai-shek was a little unbelievable about this. After learning that Zhu De and Peng Dehuai and other senior generals of the Communist Party of China had been here, Chiang Kai-shek was silent. After
, he and the people around him sighed that from the perspective of equipment, the Whampoa Military Academy and the Central Military Academy today did not know how much better than here, and the conditions provided were not much better than here, but why are fewer and fewer people fighting? What is the reason?
The officials accompanying each other looked at each other and were silent. No one could answer. Hu Zongnan couldn't answer the question of
, and no one around him could answer it, even Chiang Kai-shek himself could not answer it.
Picture | The old site of the Anti-Japanese University
came to the Anti-Japanese University. Chiang Kai-shek originally wanted to compare with his Central Military Academy to see how to improve it, but after he looked at it, there was nothing to compare except simple and dilapidated.
The military academy opened in the Kuomintang not only has bright classrooms, complete teaching aids, but also more professional military training grounds, and even teachers hired from the United States at high salaries. But judging from the situation on the battlefield, the effect is not satisfactory.
Yan is still very hot in midsummer, but Chiang Kai-shek felt the coolness from the inside out.
He really couldn't understand why the Chinese Communist Party generals who came out of such an environment were so outstanding, with successive reports on the battlefield, while the Kuomintang soldiers trained in a superior environment were defeated and retreated.
What Chiang Kai-shek and the officials around him didn't know was that under such arduous conditions, the generals of the Communist Party of China carried forward the tradition of hard fighting, worked hard to learn knowledge, just to make better contributions.
Because they know that they work hard not for themselves, but for themselves to go to the battlefield in the future and can better protect the people.
How can the Kuomintang generals who only know how to enjoy and intrigue understand? In fact, the specific situation is even more difficult than what Chiang Kai-shek saw.
Photo | Chairman Mao and the people
During the difficult period of being blocked, the teachers and students at the Anti-Japanese University of Anti-Japanese University could not even have enough food, and they didn’t even have any writing when studying. They suffered from the cold wind in winter and studied in summer under the scorching sun...
On a hillside, Chiang Kai-shek saw a large area of reclaimed land. People around him told him that this was reclaimed by the Communist Party of China to carry out the production movement, and officials and the people opened up land together. Even Chairman Mao, Peng Dehuai and others often participated in labor.
When Chiang Kai-shek heard these words, he didn't say anything, but he just didn't seem very happy.
After all, for Chiang Kai-shek, it would be completely unimaginable if he was asked to participate in such production labor .
In difficult times, the Communist Party of China worked hard, worked hard to overcome difficulties and ensure the supply of materials. So what was the scene of the Kuomintang during the same period?
Kuomintang generals and soldiers live a luxurious life, and everything is focused on their own enjoyment and interests. How can we still think of the country and the people?
Even Chiang Kai-shek was like this, just thinking about how to maintain his position. Then Hu Zongnan and others under his command were naturally the same. Although they were talking about loyalty to the country, what they thought was to fight for power and profit, get promoted and make money, and make their boss happy... How can such behavior not fail in the end? How can we not go to perish?
The Communist Party of China serves the people and takes the people to heart. The people of the whole country can naturally feel it and remember it even more in their hearts.
3. After the conversation, he fell into deep thought and came to Yan'an. What Chiang Kai-shek wanted to see the most was the place where Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and others once lived. When he arrived at Zaoyuan, Chiang Kai-shek finally saw Chairman Mao’s former residence.
Chairman Mao’s cave looks no different from the caves where ordinary people live, and they are equally dilapidated and simple. The doors and windows of the cave are made of old wood, the walls of the cave are a little peeled off, the furniture in the cave is also very simple, the bed is nailed with simple wood, and the table top of the table is uneven.
And people around him also told Chiang Kai-shek that the caves of Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others were also nearby, and the environment was similar to those of Chairman Mao.
Although he knew that Chairman Mao lived a poor life, Chiang Kai-shek was still very surprised in the face of the simple cave and the almost primitive living environment.
If he is allowed to live in such an environment, he will not be able to accept it anyway. He could not imagine how Chairman Mao commanded the battle in such an environment and maintained his enthusiasm.
So, Chiang Kai-shek asked the people around him many times before he truly believed that the place in front of him was really Chairman Mao’s residence. Chairman Mao commanded thousands of troops in such a simple place, issued important orders one after another, and created miracles one after another.
Picture | Chairman Mao’s old residence
At the entrance of the cave, Chiang Kai-shek was attracted by an spinning wheel . He did not know what was in front of him, nor did he know what was used for.
He asked the people around him curiously: "What is this for?"
Chiang Kai-shek lived a very luxurious life, eating delicacies, living in a house with good conditions, and naturally he would not know a spinning wheel.
People around him told Chiang Kai-shek that this was a spinning wheel, not only Chairman Mao could use it, but other leaders of the Communist Party of China would also use it.
When Chiang Kai-shek heard that the leaders of the Communist Party of China could use it, he was very dissatisfied and came to the spinning wheel. He tried to use it for a while, but not long after, he was injured by a wooden thorn. He was very embarrassed, and Chiang Kai-shek's face looked even worse.
At this moment, a farmer was caught and Chiang Kai-shek immediately called him and asked, "Have you ever met Mao Zedong?" The farmer said that he often met, and Chairman Mao had eaten his dates. Later, Chiang Kai-shek asked Chairman Mao what clothes and shoes to wear? Are you paid for eating dates? Questions about what dishes you like to eat.
Farmers also answered, saying that Chairman Mao was wearing old clothes with patches, and usually wore ordinary cloth shoes and straw sandals. He also paid for eating dates. He liked to eat pumpkin and red peppers.
After asking, Chiang Kai-shek did not speak, but waved his hand and signaled that the farmers could leave, so he walked into Chairman Mao's cave, fell into deep thought, and stayed for a long time. After
came out, Chiang Kai-shek kept shouting regret. It may be at this time that Chiang Kai-shek truly realized that he might be really wrong. There is indeed a gap between him and Chairman Mao, and there is indeed a certain reason for his failure.
is just the gap between this. Does Chiang Kai-shek really understand?
After the villagers left, Chiang Kai-shek walked out of Chairman Mao's residence and came to the hillside. He looked at the beautiful picture of the setting sun and felt lost. The biggest purpose of
is to find out the opponent's flaws and make a lot of publicity to build momentum on the battlefield. Chiang Kai-shek thought about it and now he couldn't. If he promoted this way, he would instead make propaganda for the Communist Party of China, making them more popular with the people.
As he thought about it, Chiang Kai-shek realized that the things he lacked might be hard to buy with money, and that was also something he could not get, that was the human heart.
Picture | Chiang Kai-shek
Although Chiang Kai-shek is not a mediocre person, he is destined to fail after choosing to go against the people.
Not long after, Chiang Kai-shek left this place that made him feel restless. This was the first time in Chiang Kai-shek came to Yan'an in his life and the last time.
Just less than a year after Chiang Kai-shek left Yan'an, Yan'an returned to the embrace of the people.
From then on, the revolutionary situation in the country underwent earth-shaking changes. In the end, the Communist Party of China won the victory and the people of the whole country won the victory...
