The scholars and officials at the end of the Ming Dynasty were very contradictory: after hundreds of years of Neo-Confucianism, Ming Dynasty literati and officials took the world as their responsibility and were proud to face the emperor. The emperors of the Ming Dynasty had nothing to do about this. However, after the fall of the Ming Dynasty, some of the people who claimed to be pure and clear-cut did achieve unity of knowledge and action, and died for the Ming Dynasty; but some of the famous scholars became traitors, three ministers and even four ministers. The famous ones include , Qinhuai Eight Beauty , one of the eight beauty , Liu Rushi , who was afraid of water cold, and became a traitor. The more famous ones are as famous as Qian Qianyi, and also , one of the eight beauty , Gu Hengbo, , who was , Gong Dingzi, who was , who was sacred by Qinhuai Eight Beauty , Gu Hengbo, , who was sacred by him. He said that he wanted to die for his throne, but his concubine Gu Hengbo refused, so he had to surrender to Li Chuang first and then commit his conspiracy to the Qing court. Today we will take a look at Gong Dingzi, a slave from the three surnames who were the Shuo Ru and the slutty confronted Emperor Chongzhen in the late Ming Dynasty.
1. A great scholar in the late Ming Dynasty and a scholar idol
Gong Dingzi was born in the Wanli dynasty (1616). He is from Anhui. He is known as the three great masters of Jiangzuo , along with Qian Qianyi and Wu Weiye . Gong Dingzi was born in a family of Neo-Confucianism, and his grandfather and father were both famous Neo-Confucianism scholars. Therefore, Gong Dingzi became famous when he was young and was good at eight-legged essays. In the seventh year of Chongzhen (1634), Gong Dingzi passed the Jinshi and was appointed as the local county magistrate. The deeds during this period were mediocre and there were no highlights. However, because of its great reputation in Neo-Confucianism, it was praised by people of the times.
ming scholar
1639, Gong Dingzi was promoted to the Military Academy. When he passed by Nanjing, he met Gu Hengbo, a famous prostitute who was one of the eight beauties in Qinhuai. Qinhuai Bayan was a high-end prostitute and a top internet celebrity in the Ming Dynasty. She was selling her skills but not her body, but was selling her literary talent, so she was strongly sought after by the scholars of Qinhuai. At this time, Gong Dingzi was 23 years old and Gu Hengbo was 20 years old. The two met, with equal literary talent and equal age. Gong Dingzi was also a rising star in the officialdom, so he was favored by Gu Hengbo. In the end, the two became friends, and Gong Dingzi took Gu Hengbo as his concubine.
A handsome man and a beautiful woman, she fell in love with her at first sight, and this story looks very touching. But putting aside the romantic atmosphere, back to reality, where did the free love come from in the late Ming Dynasty under feudal ethics? Qin Huai Bayan is worth a lot of money, and his identity is just a prostitute after all. It is impossible for a poor scholar to redeem Gu Hengbo. No matter how talented a talented man who can’t afford to send a sports car or a plane, he can’t catch the eyes of a big internet celebrity. You should know that Gong Dingzi was a big landlord in the late Ming Dynasty. His family was very wealthy. He relied on real money and literary talent, which allowed him to catch Gu Hengbo's eyes. However, Gu Hengbo was just a prostitute, so even if the two were so loving, she could only be a concubine.
Gong Dingzi married the top internet celebrity at that time. His career was in the rising period. In addition, Gong Dingzi did have a good idea in Neo-Confucianism, so he immediately became a popular idol among scholars. The story of Gong Dingzi buying Gu Hengbo has also been constantly romanticized and has become a good story on earth.
Ming Dynasty wedding
2. From being crazy about Chongzhen to being afraid of death
Gong Ding took part in Beijing, following the style of the scholars in the late Ming Dynasty who were always holding on and regressing, he took pride in fighting against the emperor and opposed it in order to oppose the emperor. The , six subjects, , was at the lower level of the middle school, but was only around the sixth and seventh grades, but the Ming Dynasty pursued the art of controlling the big with the small. The Six Departments of the Ministry of Education are the system of censors, and they have the right to point fingers at anything in the court. It was 1639, and in another 5 years, the capital of Beijing fell. But the ministers in Beijing were not nervous at all and still had party struggles.
Gong Dingzi was a senior official during his time as a servant. He impeached the chief assistant Zhou Yanru (he was kind to Western learning, reused firearm expert Sun Yuanhua , and made Western-style firearms), Chongzhen's favorite minister Chen Yan , cabinet assistant Wang Yingxiong , Minister of War Chen Xinjia, and practical high-ranking officials Lu Daqi . In fact, these impeachments are mostly out of nothing, and the content of impeachment is the same, all of which are labeled: either they are misconducted, or they are not capable, or they form cliques for personal gain. In short, Gong Dingzi, based on the principle of picking the first place and not being able to do it, he criticized people one by one.Most of the above-mentioned officials were relied upon by Chongzhen, so Gong Dingzi's ultimate goal was to limit the imperial power and slap the emperor in the face, so that the emperor knew that the world was not the world of the Zhu family, but the scholars and officials assisted the emperor, and the emperor could not ignore the words of the scholars and officials.
ming bureaucrat
3. The traitors of the Shun Dynasty
When the emperor and the scholars and officials ruled the world together, Chongzhen could not kill the clerk Qingliu, but could only comfort him with kind words. He survived until March 1644, and finally got on the mountain of coal. Gong Dingzi, who regarded himself as a master of Neo-Confucianism, was said to want to jump into a well to sacrifice his tribute, but was later rescued by Li Chuang's people. Then Gong Dingzi wanted to find another way to die, but his concubine Gu Hengbo refused to let him go. Unfortunately, Gong Dingzi had to serve as a traitor and became a traitor. Since then, the joke that my concubine has not allowed to die has been passed down like Qian Qianyi's water is too cool, becoming a laughing stock.
In Li Chuang's Dashun Dynasty, Li Chuang's subordinates were all bandits and bandits. They were uneducated and the most educated civil servant leader Niu Jinxing was just a scholar. Under such circumstances, a large number of Qingliu civil officials left behind by Chongzhen wanted to play the trick of Chongzhen's keen advice and scolding the master if they didn't listen. The only response to them was Li Chuang's butcher knife. In addition, Li Chuang entered Beijing to torture the salary, which scared these bureaucratic landlords. Therefore, in the Dashun Dynasty, these Qingliu, who were chattering and uncomfortable for a day, were surprisingly honest. Gong Dingzi also accepted the direct official position of Li Chuang, was responsible for the public security in Beijing, and served as the chairman of the maintenance committee.
Li Chuang
4. Three surnames slaves, compared to Wei Zheng
In the same year, Li Chuang was defeated by the Qing army. In May, the Qing army entered the pass and took Beijing. Gong Dingzi personally went to the city gate of Beijing and knelt down to welcome the Qing army into the city. When Dorgon , who was actually in power, saw Gong Dingzi with a flattering look, he knew that he was a good slave and immediately rewarded him with the position of the official department, which made Gong Dingzi very happy. In , the official department is the leader of the six departments. If anyone becomes the official department, the six ministers and ministers dare not offend him easily. The members of the eunuch party were also members of the Qing court with Gong Dingzi. They were also members of the eunuch party Feng Quan , and Gong Dingzi’s friend and family slave of the four surnames (he took office in the Ming Dynasty and surrendered to the Shun Dynasty. Anyway, Nanming , and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty) Chen Mingxia . The eunuch party and Qingliu of the Ming Dynasty both entered the officialdom Qing Dynasty , and then another dispute between Qingliu and eunuch party broke out in the early Qing Dynasty. Because Feng Quan of the eunuch party was from Hebei, while Chen Mingxia, Gong Dingzi and others in Qingliu were mostly from the south, it was also called , North and South Party Contend in the early Qing Dynasty.
This party struggle can be seen as a continuation of the party struggle in the Ming Dynasty, starting with the crimes of impeaching Feng Quan and other former Ming eunuchs in August 1645. The Southern Party completely acted like a scholar and a doctor in the Ming Dynasty, but they forgot that they are now the master of the Qing court, not the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Dorgon, who was in power, ignored these impeachments at all and directly ignored the Southern Party. Seeing that his master ignored the memorial, the Southern Party continued to make the memorial style and continued to make the memorial. Then, under the leadership of Dorgon, a debate in court was held. The Southern Party advocated derogation of all the eunuchs on the grounds that the eunuchs were too bad, while the eunuchs leader Feng Quan pointed at Gong Dingzi, saying that he also had a dark history of surrendering Li Chuang. Gong Dingzi actually retorted that Wei Zheng was also a traitor. Hearing this, Dorgon laughed and said, "If a person is loyal, he can blame others. If he is not upright, why blame others? Dingzi is compared with Wei Zheng , Li thief Tang Taizong , which is very shameful. " After Dorgon's imperial approval, Gong Dingzi was completely determined to be despicable. Gong Dingzi was completely disliked by Dorgon and could not be stretched in the Qing court. The Southern Party can no longer use character to criticize the Northern Party, and Gong Dingzi has also become an important breakthrough for the Northern Party to fight back.
The old former Ming Shizi
5. Rockets were promoted and demoted quickly
1 In April 646, Gong Dingzi resigned on the pretext of his father's death and returned home. In 1650, Dorgon died, and Shunzhi took power and began to rebel against Dorgon's various policies. Gong Dingzi, who was disliked by Dorgon, was valued by Shunzhi and specially invited to promote him. In 1652, Gong Dingzi returned to the Taichang Temple Shaoqing, the following year he was promoted to the right assistant minister of the Ministry of Justice, the following year he was promoted to the left assistant minister of the Ministry of Revenue, and two months later he was promoted to the left imperial censor of the Censorate and became the leader of the censor of the .Judging from this speed, it is simply a promotion from the Rockets! When Shunzhi was in power, the focus of the party struggle turned to the struggle between the rights of the nobles of the Eight Banners and the Han nationality and the scholar-officials. During his tenure as the Zuodu Censor, Gong Dingzi was still in the style of a scholar-official in the Ming Dynasty, and was proud to be accused of the Eight Banners. But the Eight Banners nobles were not the Ming Dynasty nobles who were raised as pigs. The Eight Banners who had just entered the pass were relatively barbaric and committed all kinds of evil. The Han people dared not speak out. Starting with this matter, Gong Dingzi began to impeach the Eight Banner nobles, so he was strongly attacked by the Eight Banner nobles.
Gong Dingzi really has no eyesight and really regards Shunzhi as the emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He writes letters to the emperor every day, and the content is to scold the Eight Banners Master. The troubled Shunzhi was demoted to Gong Dingzi for 12 consecutive levels in December 1652. After a brief promotion, he was demoted to level 3 in 1660 and became an assistant teacher from the Imperial College in the seventh grade.
But overall, Shunzhi Emperor still feels close to Gong Dingzi. Although he has been deprecated, he still keeps him in the system.
Scholar who shaved his hair and dressed in a casual manner
Wenshijun said that
to Kangxi dynasties, Gong Dingzi, who had experienced several polishings, finally understood that the Qing Dynasty was not the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty emperor and his subordinates were completely in the relationship between master and servant, and it was impossible for a slave to challenge the master. At this point, Gong Dingzi became honest, and then his official fortune became prosperous again. Finally, he became the Minister of Rites, which was considered a good end.
References
Zhao Erxun's "Draft History of Qing Dynasty", Zhonghua Book Company, 1977.
Li Xiaorong: "Political Storm of Gong Dingzi and Shunkang Dynasty", Journal of Chaohu College, 2015 Issue 5.
(Author: Haoran Literature and History·Ziju)
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