The Communist Party of China led the people to defeat imperialism, defeat the Kuomintang, and finally established a brand new country.
When everything is in trouble, building the motherland has become the most important thing. When the first tractor factory was built in New China, Chairman Mao chose the site. Chairman Mao chose Luoyang with a wave of his hand. He said that all the emperors of the nine dynasties in Luoyang have lived there, and he still can’t put down a tractor factory?
Chairman Mao decided to select the tractor factory site
1949 New China was founded , and China's social and economic development has entered a new historical period.
In March 1949, Chairman Mao pointed out at the second plenary session of the Seventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China at that the overall goal of my country's economic construction is: "To steadily transform China from an agricultural country to an industrial country, and to build China into a great socialist country."
However, the many problems left over from the industrial development of urban China in the old China made China extremely low productivity at the beginning of its founding, its economic foundation was very weak, and there was no complete industrial system. China's per capita output of industrial products is far behind that of major countries and regions in the world.
In 1952, the per capita production of industrial products in major countries in the world was: 724 kg of coal, 82 kg of steel, 242 kg of crude oil, and 448 kilowatts/hour of electricity. However, my country's per capita production during the same period was only: 115 kg of coal, 2 kg of steel, 0.8 kg of crude oil, and 13 kilowatts/hour of electricity.
In order to solve the problems left by old Chinese industry, my country needs to choose a new industrialization strategy, establish a new urban construction policy, and formulate a new political and economic system to drive the rapid development of new Chinese industry.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, there was no tractor industry in China, but the tractor industry is of great significance to achieving my country's agricultural mechanization and improving agricultural productivity.
1953 On January 8, 1953, The First Ministry of Machinery Industry proposed the "Tractor Factory Design Task Book".
Next, we will start the site selection work of the New China Tractor Factory. Selecting a factory site is the first step in factory construction. It is related to the country's industrial layout, national defense requirements and the planning progress of the national economy, and the economic and technological rationality of the proposed enterprise. It involves many problems and is an important and difficult task.
Soon after, the Central Ministry of Agriculture gave preliminary opinions on the site selection of the new tractor factory. Therefore, the new plant group of the first tractor factory in was classified as the three regions of North China, Northeast China and Northwest as the first places to carry out the agricultural mechanization process, and the site of the tractor factory was initially selected from here.
Then, based on the consumption location of the tractor factory, the convenience of transportation and the convenience of ensuring national defense security, four cities were selected, namely Xi'an, Harbin, Shijiazhuang and Zhengzhou, and the construction address of the tractor factory was further reduced.
After field research, it was found that there is currently a large amount of wasteland in the Northeast region that is to be reclaimed), and there will be the most demand for tractors in the future. If the tractor factory is built in Harbin, the transportation costs will be the lowest in the future. Moreover, the Northeast region has many construction experience, good industrial conditions, and guaranteed national defense and safety, to meet the needs of factory construction.
However, Harbin is cold and long in winter, and the time for construction is short in one year, and the construction task is under great pressure.
Moreover, if the national industry is concentrated in the Northeast region, it will not change the phenomenon of unreasonable industrial layout in the country, nor will it meet the principle of balanced productivity during the "First Five-Year Plan" period.
Shijiazhuang area is located in the center of North China and is close to major industrial areas. If a factory is built here in the future, it will be moderately distance from each consumption place, and the transportation costs will be low, and the supply of accessories and power supply for the factory is guaranteed. Compared with Harbin, Shijiazhuang has less climate restrictions and also meets the principle of the country's need for balanced productivity. Therefore, "the factory is the most favorable in Shijiazhuang, but national defense conditions should be considered."
The power supply in Zhengzhou cannot meet the conditions for building a factory, but the national defense conditions are better; while in Xi'an, except for the better national defense conditions, other conditions in other aspects are not conducive to building a factory.
According to the research results, the central government combined industrial distribution and various factors and believed that the construction of a factory in Shijiazhuang is the most reasonable. However, based on the research on the characteristics of tractor production, the preparation office of the new factory believes that the main conditions for the selection of the tractor factory area are "first, convenient transportation and low freight (especially the low freight for finished products are mainly low). Secondly, the production process of the tractor is complicated and must rely on the cooperation of the nearby attachment industry. Third, pay attention to the security of national defense. These are the three most important factors in choosing a factory. "Other factors are secondary." The location of Shijiazhuang obviously does not meet the requirements of quasi- military-industrial enterprises for national defense security.
After that, the central government instructed the selection of factory sites in Henan Province in the Central Plains, from the consideration of industrial layout and national defense security.
1953, the Preparatory Office of Luoyang Tractor Factory was established, and Yang Ligong served as deputy director.
1953, the joint factory selection group was established mainly with the Preparatory Office of China's No. 1 tractor manufacturing factory construction preparation office to start the intensive site selection work.
1953 On July 15, 1953, the Preparatory Office first began to select factory sites in the Xigong area of Luoyang.
Xigong District factory site is about two from Luoyang City kilometers, starting from Zhougong Temple in the east, ending at Jianhe in the west, ending at Longhai Railway in the north, and reaching at Xigong in the south, with a total area of 9.2 square kilometers (1.1 of which is north of the Longhai Railway).
The site is an old airport ruins, with some factories on the ground, and many air-raid shelters dug underground. The preparation team believes that if the factory is built there, the above-mentioned infrastructure can be used. It is closer to the old city and can continue to develop based on the old city. It will be connected with the old city in the future, which will also be beneficial to urban development.
Moreover, the area is flat, the groundwater level is low, and it is close to Long. The railway is convenient for transportation, and there is Jinguyuan Station in the north. In the future, the dedicated line can be cut from Luoyang West Station or from the old dedicated line according to the preliminary opinions of the Ministry of Railways. It is economically reasonable.
Therefore, the relevant departments unanimously believe that this area is an ideal factory construction address.
However, in early September, the Ministry of Culture proposed that the area is the former site of the Zhou Dynasty Wangcheng, and did not agree to build a factory in the area.
Ministry of Culture Zheng Zhenduo Director mentioned: "It is not possible for you to build a factory east of the Jianhe River in Luoyang, and Mr. Guo would not agree, because there are ruins of the Zhou Wangcheng underground, which is a priceless treasure. "
Director Zheng Zhenduo's opinion was supported by the leaders of the State Council, and the tractor factory preparation office gave up building a factory there, and decided to choose another factory site.
Since there was a problem with the Xijiao factory site, from September 16 to November 16, 1953 On the day, the preparatory office concentrated in the triangular area of the Sanguanmiao, Rantun, Jinghan and Longhai railway lines in Zhengzhou City, and the four areas west of the Jialu River, as well as the three areas south of the Luo River, west of Jianhe, and Baima Temple, . At the same time, inspections were also conducted in Yanshi , Xin'an , Shaanxi Province and other places.
Except for Luoyang and Zhengzhou, the conditions in all aspects were not very ideal, so they gave up.
Then there were two cities left Zhengzhou and Luoyang, and Soviet experts were interested in Zhengzhou.
On the one hand, Zhengzhou is located in the central part of Henan Province, and the two railways in Jinghan and Longhai were The intersection of roads is convenient for transportation, and the products can be transported via Jinghan Railway .
Raw materials and steel can be supplied from Wuhan Daye, coal can be supplied from Jiaozuo , Yiluo and other three mines. There is currently 4,000 watts of electricity, which can be increased to 16,000 watts by the end of the year. There is no problem with power supply during the infrastructure period. On the other hand, urban planning has been formulated and construction has begun, and it can be used with the factory.
was also selected to build a factory near the vineyard of the western suburbs with Rantun as the center. The terrain of the land is flat, with the groundwater level between 4.5 meters and 6 meters, about 5 kilometers away from the city center, and is adjacent to the new textile factory in Zhengzhou, which can cooperate with each other, so it is more convenient to build a factory here.
However, Luoyang has poor urban strength, small construction power, underdeveloped industry and commerce, inconvenient transportation, no cooperation in the city with sewers and urban planning, and only a 500-watt small power plant, lacking power supply. If a factory is built here, the investment will be very huge and the progress of the factory construction will be delayed. Therefore, Luoyang's factory construction is obviously not as good as Zhengzhou's factory construction.
So, the preparatory office of -drag decided to build a factory in Zhengzhou at the suggestion of Soviet experts. Li Fuchun, deputy director of the National Planning Commission, returned to Beijing to report to the central government.
However, Chairman Mao considered that if the construction of Yideng was better in Luoyang's national defense conditions and was conducive to the balanced development of productivity, he said: "In ancient times, so many emperors built their capital in Luoyang, could they not put down a tractor factory?"
In this way, under Chairman Mao's affirmation, the preparatory office moved back to Luoyang, preparing to select a factory site in Luoyang.
Considering that it is not advisable to build factories in the eastern suburbs, western suburbs and areas south of the Luo River, Luoyang is located in the eastern suburbs from Yanshi Station to the east. The terrain is complex, and the terrain is narrow in the west from Xin'an in the west of Xin'an in the west. The north of the city is adjacent to Mangshan, with a large slope. Therefore, we can only consider selecting factories in the area west of Jianhe, which is far away from the old city.
1953 On November 17, 1953, according to the central government's instructions, we concentrated our efforts to select factories west of Jianhe, which is far away from the old city.
Jianxi District center is 8 kilometers away from the city center, starting from Xiqili River in the east, bordering Jianhe in the north, close to Luohe in the south, reaching Qinling in the west, about 4 kilometers wide from north to south, about 6 kilometers long from east to west, and the area of the whole area is about 24 square kilometers. Luotong Highway runs from east to west, crossing Jianxi District in the north, about 13 square kilometers in the north, and about 11 square kilometers in the south.
Except for the complex slope terrain near the Qinling Mountains in the southwest and slightly undulating near the Jianhe River Valley, other areas are relatively flat, with a slight inclination from west to east, with a maximum altitude of 163 meters, a minimum altitude of 156 meters, and an average slope of about two thousandths.
Finally, the flatter 15 square kilometers were selected as the goal for construction.
On October 1, 1955, a grand start-up ceremony was held in the western part of Jianhe, Luoyang. More than 70,000 people from all walks of life in Luoyang City attended the conference, and the ribbon was cut by Xing Zhaotang, Vice Governor of Henan Province.
Xing Zhaotang also held a groundbreaking ceremony with Zhang Fengshi, director of the Automobile Bureau of the First Ministry of Machinery, and others, to lay the groundbreaking plaque.
From then on, China has entered the first phase of the construction period in full and quickly.
"Oriental Red" tractor goes to the world
According to the plan, First Tractor Manufacturing Factory will produce the first tractor before the end of 1958 and be accepted in 1960.
Time is already quite tight, but a large number of equipment has not yet been in place. In order to catch up with the construction period, all workers start working from 8 am every day until 1 am the next day, and then sleep in the factory collectively.
This situation has lasted for more than half a year.
This Oriental Red Type 54 tractor is the oldest vehicle preserved by "one-towing" and can still be started.
To be more precise, the first "Dongfanghong" tractor was "knocked".
Many old workers recalled that the first tractor was assembled by workers carrying their shoulders and holding hands and knocking them on the basis of drawings and accessories provided by the Soviet Union.
On July 20, 1958, the first tractor in New China was wearing red and hung with colors, and appeared in front of the world amid the celebratory gongs and drums.
The first "Dongfanghong" tractor in New China opened out of the factory, taking the first key step in realizing agricultural mechanization in my country and ending the history of my country's reliance on cattle to plow the fields.
Oriental Red Crawler Tractor, which made great contributions to China's agricultural mechanization, reached its peak in history in 1979, with an annual output of 26,000 units.
However, the great rural changes in full swing back then made the "behemoth" lose their former style before the "noodle field" of family contract responsibility system .
Since the 1980s, farmers individually purchased agricultural machinery, and the market demand structure of tractors has undergone tremendous changes. Most farmers have no economic ability, and such large crawler tractors cannot be used in "noodle fields".
The single product of China, facing sudden changes, is difficult to adapt to.
One-drag decision-making: change the stubbornness of a single product and inject "risk antibodies" into the enterprise in all aspects.
1981 to 1990 was a period of product change.
In the 1990s, with the development of diversified rural operations, the volume of rural transportation operations increased rapidly.
At this time, Yituo people, who have experienced more than 10 years of market economy, have accumulated considerable experience in production and operation of small touo, and Dongfanghong Xiaotuo has become a tight product in the market.
For more than a few years, the first tractor factory has spent 70% of its own funds on technological transformation every year. Since 1983, the technical transformation plan for the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period has been formulated.
They also set up a production technology preparation office for the preparation of new product production technology, to make preliminary preparations for the full rollout of technical transformation work during the "Seventh Five-Year Plan" period.
During the "Seventh Five-Year Plan", the planning of Yituo's technological transformation was grand and attractive; it introduced the Italian medium-horsepower series wheel tractor , with an annual production capacity of 10,000 units, and strives to export and export by 20%.
introduced the Soviet Union's 70 to 90 horsepower series crawler tractor as an updated product for the 75 horsepower tractor.
For decades, the drag has been improving.
In the summer of 2015, intelligent controlled tractor equipment has been launched in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps .
China Yituo's mass-produced power shift tractors entered the market in 2014, making this scenario a reality.
Compared with the current conventional tractor models in China, the Oriental Red series heavy-duty wheeled tractors, including more than 10 core patented technologies such as power shifting, has an average energy saving of 30% and an operating efficiency improvement of 40%.
According to Yituo’s chairman, China Yituo’s independent intellectual property rights are now fully mastered and have reached the first-class level of senior sisters. Foreign products cannot compete with us at all. Behind the "automatic tractor" is the accumulation of innovation process of three generations of people.
China first dragged through two stages: copying the Soviet Union when the factory was first established, including introduction, digestion, absorption and reinnovation from Italy, Britain, etc., and entered the third innovation stage after 2004. Its biggest feature is joint research and development.
"During the joint research and development process, the Chinese and foreign teams adopted a mixed formation, whether working at home or abroad, and the intellectual property rights of the final research and development results belong to us." Zhao Yanshui said.
China dragged out of the country in the early 1990s.
At that time, it entered the markets of African countries such as Mali , Côte d'Ivoire , and the Oriental Red Tractor was widely praised as soon as it entered.
From then on, the overseas markets of Redstone have been further strategically deployed, forming a global marketing network.
And 2011 was also a very important year for the unceasing internationalization.
In the spring of 2011, China Yituo successfully acquired the French McCormickI factory under the Italian ARGO Group and renamed Yituo (France) Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd.
This is the first example of China's agricultural machinery industry acquiring world-class agricultural machinery enterprises after the founding of New China. After the acquisition of
was completed, China Yituo immediately started to take action. The R&D team quickly went to France and completed the French company's transmission system products and the tractor complete equipment of China Yituo headquarters in the shortest time, developing applicable models for the Chinese and European markets. After
acquired the French company, the speed of serialization and commercialization of China Yituo Power's gear shift tractors has been significantly accelerated.
By 2014, the tractor produced by Yituo achieved batch production in the French market, and the market response was very positive. The chairman of
Yituo said that this was a very successful acquisition. Yituo not only expanded the market share of high-end tractors in China through this acquisition, but also gained a lot by entering the French market to open up the European market.
The international market is booming, and the domestic market demand for Oriental Red Tractors is still hot.
"In the past six years, it was not only easy to use but also very smoothly. There are many tractor brands used in my hands, and finally, the tractor equipped with the 'Dongfanghong' brand diesel engine became my favorite." The protagonist of this sentence was Li Wenjun, the head of Wenbing Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Huining County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province.
After six years of use, the brand of Dongfanghong diesel engine has completely "captured" Li Wenjun's heart.
And the Wenbing Agricultural Machinery Cooperative where he works is Dongfanghong's tractor.
Although I use it so smoothly now, Li Wenjun put in a lot of effort to select Dongfanghong and was not satisfied with it after reading it. Later, it was recommended by a friend and used the most convenient Dongfanghong.
The prosperous Chinese enterprise
The "Dongfanghong" tractor named by Chairman Mao is prosperous on the land of China and even more popular internationally.
China's first tractor factory has been working steadily for decades from its construction to the present, and has made steady progress in the quality of Chinese national enterprises.
Yitu Group After decades of development, it has become a large comprehensive machinery manufacturing enterprise group with agricultural machinery, engineering machinery, power machinery , vehicle and parts manufacturing as its main business. It has a national-level technology center and has strong independent innovation and R&D capabilities. Its product design capabilities and manufacturing level are in the leading position in China, making indelible contributions to the mechanization of my country's agriculture.
中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中文中
China also successively established assembly plants in Serbia , South Africa, Poland , Kyrgyzstan and other countries, entering the South America, Eastern Europe, West Asia and Central Asia markets, initially completing the layout of the global marketing network, leaving a strong mark in the development of the world's agricultural machinery manufacturing industry.
Reference
"The Birth of Oriental Red Tractor: Mao Zedong chose the first factory site and left the factory early" China News Network
