Chairman Mao once said that all principled military laws, or military theories, are summaries of past war experiences made by predecessors or present people. These bloody lessons left to us by past wars should focus on learning them. The sentence
seems to be an understatement, but in fact it is the crystallization of all Chairman Mao’s military strategies and the essence of what he can lead the victory of the revolution over the years.
As we all know, there were thousands of founding generals selected at the first award in 1955, and most of the more famous generals have attended military academy, which is a serious "professional counterpart".
But there is one person who is extremely special. He has never attended military academy and has never studied any war theory. However, he turned the tide in the revolutionary war and led everyone to overcome all obstacles. He is the people's leader Mao Zedong.
Chairman Mao has been a soldier for half a year?
In 1936, Chairman Mao admitted in an interview with American journalist Edgar Snow in northern Shaanxi that he had been a soldier for half a year before he was in high school, but later gave up.
Before the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, Mao Zedong was probably in junior high school. It was a time of social turmoil. Once a young officer came to the school. He told his classmates with tears in his eyes that their emperor was actually a 3-year-old child.
Since leaving Shaoshan , Mao Zedong has always wanted to serve the country and save China at that time. After he came to the big city of Changsha, he found that the real society did not think what he thought. Although he could read more books, a shell from the enemy could instantly make the library ignite.
That day, Mao Zedong made up his mind to join the army.
Picture | In 1913, Mao Zedong, who was studying at the Fourth Normal School of Hunan Province, then plucked up the courage to go to the registration office and became an ordinary soldier. He practiced holding guns and running every day, and the army also gave him a clean dress.
Over time, Mao Zedong discovered that when he was walking on the street in this military uniform, or even going to a bookstore to read books, many ordinary people avoided it and were even very scared.
Mao Zedong was filled with emotion. As a soldier, he should make decisions for the people. How could he make the people afraid? Afterwards, he gave up his short military career and began to continue his studies until he was admitted to the Hunan No. 1 Division .
His teacher here is Yang Changji . Yang Changji studied overseas in his early years, was knowledgeable and had a heart to serve the country, but his own efforts were too weak. He wanted to convey this spirit to his classmates, until he saw Mao Zedong and felt that he saw hope.
Figure | Yang Changji
The first lesson of the school year, Yang Changji talked about the current situation in China on the podium, his eyes were full of sorrow. Before the class was over, Yang Changji asked: "Students, I want to ask everyone the last question, Why do you want to apply for a normal school? "
Xiao Zisheng Classmate returned and said: "I study for a normal school just to be a normal school. Teacher, teach and educate people, be content with oneself, and you can also contribute to the country and cultivate a large number of talents."
Yang Changji nodded, took a sip of water and said, "Education to save the country is also a lofty ambition." After saying that, he asked Cai Hesen again, and Cai Hesen said, "Teacher, my family is relatively poor. I just want to find a good job after graduation."
Cai Hesen finished answering, Yang Changji nodded silently, sighed, and then asked Mao Zedong again.
Mao Zedong stood up and touched his head and said awkwardly: "I don't know why I want to go to a normal school, I just give it a try." After Mao Zedong said that, his classmates burst into laughter, but Yang Changji immediately widened his eyes. quickly walked to Mao Zedong and asked, "Try it? What have you tried?"
Photo | In 1918, some students of Hunan Provincial First Normal School took a group photo (the third on the second row is Mao Zedong)
Mao Zedong recalled: "Before I came to go to a normal school, I worked as a soldier for half a year and found that being a soldier was not what I wanted. I took the doctor's school, I also took the law school, a police school, and a soap school.”
Yang Changji listened with relish and asked: “What is soap school? "Mao Zedong said: "It's just a person who learns to make soap. The admission brochure says that foreigners say that Chinese people are not hygienic and learning to make soap can benefit the country and the people. I think it makes sense, so I applied for the exam. "
After saying this, the students burst into laughter again, but Yang Changji nodded heavily, and even said that he saw hope in Mao Zedong. He admired the young man in front of him from his heart, and even felt that this young man was absolutely amazing in the future!
One person's strength can hardly change the world, but learning to be a teacher as a model can cultivate Mao Zedong.
Three years of study, Yang Changji took great care of Mao Zedong. After graduating from the normal school, Yang Changji also recommended Mao Zedong to Beijing Library study, and got to know Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, who were famous in the country at that time. Since then, Mao Zedong's life has been completely changed.
Of course, the reason why Yang Changji valued Mao Zedong so much was not only because Mao Zedong was good at summarizing and trying, but more importantly, Mao Zedong has read the whole book since he was a child and loves reading. He applied the knowledge in the book to practice, which is not something that an ordinary person can do.
pic | In 1919, Mao Zedong begged the dog in Changsha
beggars, and beat them while they were beaten
1918 After Mao Zedong graduated from Hunan Normal University , many students followed the trend of the times and wanted to study abroad and learn advanced cultural knowledge.
Mao Zedong also wanted to go abroad to see the knowledge, but he still seriously asked his mentor Yang Changji. Yang Changji expressed his views in the "Persuading Chapter". He said: "If you do not have the preparation of ordinary science and foreign languages, you don't have to rush to travel the West. If you have a strong ambition to study, even in China, all Western knowledge can be obtained through twists and turns. "
means that foreign knowledge is nothing more than those, and can be obtained at home.
actually means telling Mao Zedong that many classmates have already studied abroad, and staying in China to explore the problems of their own country is also the top priority.
This sentence pointed out the direction for Mao Zedong. Even if we look at history, Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu both returned from studying abroad. However, no one carefully studied China's own problems.
Cai Hesen, Qu Qiubai, Zhou Enlai and other young people of that era all went abroad one after another, but Mao Zedong firmly believed in his direction and resolutely stayed in the country.
920, Yang Changji died of illness. Before his death, he wrote a letter to his friend Zhang Shizhao, which read: "You don't say that saving the country is already there, and saving the country must first reap the two sons. "The first of the "two sons" is Mao Zedong.
Picture | Yang Changji
In 1926, Mao Zedong first met Zhou Enlai in Li Fuchun. At that time, Zhou Enlai returned from overseas and was full of knowledge, but he couldn't understand a little. Our Communist Party does not have special military talents, so how to fight?
Mao Zedong, who has long led the peasant movement, said: "Do you know what is the most in China? The most farmers are. They are bullied by warlords and landlords all year round. They are dry firewood everywhere. As long as there is a little spark, it will be a raging fire. "
Mao Zedong's words made Zhou Enlai look at him with admiration. Soon, Mao Zedong led the famous Autumn Harvest Uprising , and then led the team to resolutely go to Jinggangshan , and began the establishment of the first rural revolutionary base.
Picture | Young Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai
In ancient times, going up the mountain to settle down is called becoming a bandit, which is the practice of bandits. Even after learning about Chiang Kai-shek , he laughed: "Mao Zedong could not defeat him, and he went to be a 'bandit'. ”
At this time, Communist International expressed discomfort with Mao Zedong's open approach to the mountain, and was even very dissatisfied with it, and wrote to accuse him many times.
In order to eliminate Red Army , Chiang Kai-shek sent troops to "encircle and suppress" many times, but Mao Zedong led the Red Army to defeat Chiang Kai-shek's troops many times, and more and more people even participated in the Red Army.
And the Communist International has always been paying attention to the development of the "Zhu Mao" Red Army, and they increasingly felt that Mao Zedong's approach seemed to be in line with China's national conditions.
At first, Zhou Enlai was also curious about how Mao Zedong won the battle again and again. After he came to Soviet area, he discovered that Mao Zedong had his own set of military methods, and his guerrilla warfare was even more convenient.
Zhou Enzu sighed, he and Qu Qiubai and others were both top students studying abroad, and often talked about "Marxism Theory", but Chairman Mao would not say these official words, but often said: "Beggar beats dogs, and go while beating." "I just want to beat him up" such straightforward words.
Photo | In 1934, Mao Zedong (first from left) and the guards were in Ruijin, Jiangxi. In 1933, the temporary central government of the Communist Party of China moved to the Soviet area. The 26-year-old Bogu became the highest leader. At first, he did not advocate Mao Zedong's guerrilla warfare, believing that this was a "domestic method" and "loss face". He insisted on the military theory he learned in the Soviet Union and fought position war.
But facing Chiang Kai-shek's aircraft and cannons, fighting a position is like being a living target. Starting from the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" of , Bo Gu began to order himself to go alone, which eventually led to the failure of the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" and even suffered serious losses in the battle of Xiangjiang River.
data shows that in the battle of Xiangjiang River alone, the 80,000 Red Army that Mao Zedong and Zhu De worked hard to establish was reduced to 30,000. Bo Gu realized that he was very wrong. Chairman Mao’s military theory was completely in line with China’s reality.
Not only that, at the Zunyi Conference , Bo Gu, Kaifeng and others were dissatisfied. Kaifeng said to Mao Zedong arrogantly: "What kind of Marxism do you know? At most, you have read "The Art of War" several times." The sentence
made everyone laugh, and Chairman Mao also laughed: "Have you read "The Art of War"? How many chapters are there in "The Art of War" in total?" Kaifeng asked speechlessly.
Zhou Enlai, who was standing at the supreme leader, carefully discovered that the reason why Chairman Mao could lead the Red Army to win battles many times was not that he was good at guerrilla warfare, but that he read a lot of books, had the vision of planning and strategizing. Before a battle could begin, Chairman Mao could see what might happen next.
This point cannot be achieved by learning some military skills. It is from this point that Zhou Enlai has made a decision to give the highest leadership position to Chairman Mao.
At the Zunyi meeting, everyone has always elected Chairman Mao as the supreme leader, and has received the support of most members of the Central Political Bureau, especially Zhou Enlai.
Sure enough, Zhou Enlai was right. From the "Zhangzhou Victory" to the " Four Crossings of Chishui ", every battle reflected Chairman Mao's far-sighted vision and super high military talent.
The famous historian Elliot Bateman said: "For centuries, we have seen many military strategists in Western countries who have no political opinions, but we now know a great politician and a great military strategist. He is Mao Zedong, the military genius of China."
Chairman Mao as a military strategist 6
The first, with a high foresight vision
1937 When Zhang Guotao betrayed the revolution, Zhou Enlai quickly generated electricity to Yan'an and asked how to deal with this matter. Chairman Mao called back and said, "This is already expected."
can predict one thing, which is not easy. It can not only be prepared for what may happen, but also achieve twice the result with half the effort.
is not in the whole picture and will not throw a good piece. This is Chairman Mao’s strategic vision, which is admirable.
Chairman Mao said: "Imperialism is a paper tiger. On the one hand, we despise him, on the other hand, we value him, and on the other hand, we will not win without hard fighting."
1947 Hu Zongnan invaded Yan'an. When evacuating Yan'an, American reporters asked Chairman Mao: "At present, the future of Chinese communism seems very dark. What will happen in the future?" Chairman Mao smiled and said: "Two years later, I invite you to Beijing to see me." Sure enough, two years later, the founding of New China in fully confirmed Chairman Mao's prediction.
Second, deep cultural heritage
Since the age of 2, Mao Zedong lived at his grandmother's house. His grandmother asked Wen Yunchang to take Mao Zedong to a private school to study. Later, his uncle gave him a copy of " Kangxi Dictionary ". With this dictionary, Mao Zedong started "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin", so that when he was in school, he already knew too much than children of his age, and even teachers could not meet his needs for knowledge.
Then, he wrote a large number of articles and poems during the revolutionary war. In "Selected Works of Mao Zedong", he quoted a large number of historical records, such as "Zuo Zhuan", " Mencius ", "Analects of Confucius", " Mountains and Seas ", etc., including a large number of historical figures, including Cao Cao , Sun Wu , Han Yu , Zhu Yuanzhang , Li Zicheng , etc., and even foreign celebrities such as Copernicus. Without a large number of readings, these articles would not be written.
Step a step back, if Chairman Mao had not carefully studied the "Sun Tzu's Art of War" or the strategies of "surrounding Wei and saving Zhao" and "empty city strategy" in guerrilla warfare would not have been applied to practice.
A large amount of text accumulation not only made Chairman Mao a great poet, but also became a veritable military strategist in the process of leading the Red Army to fight.
Third, deep Marxist philosophy literacy
Deep literary foundation allows Chairman Mao to better make use of the Chinese revolution and construction practice after learning Marxist philosophy, and even wrote a large number of theoretical articles guiding the Chinese revolution. In this alone, no general can do it.
From " Practice On " to " Contradiction On " to " On the Protracted War on " and "On the Ten Major Relationships" in the period of socialist construction in , these important works have laid the position of Chairman Mao as a philosopher and strategist, and have also become his far-sighted and insightful philosophical foundation.
fourth, super courage
When the two sides are fighting, if you hesitate for a second, you may decide the outcome of the battle, and making a decision in time is a must-have ability for a senior commander.
Chairman Mao was such a leader. In 1947, Hu Zongnan's 250,000 army came in full force and began to attack Yan'an from three sides. At that time, most of the troops were fighting outside, and the Yan'an defenders were only 30,000.
Chairman Mao made a quick decision, not caring about the gains and losses of one city and one place, took the initiative to evacuate Yan'an, lure the enemy into depth, and finally annihilate the enemy in the mobile war and win by surprise.
Regarding this, Chairman Mao also said: "Cheng Kai-shek is a stingy man. He occupied small villages and was reluctant to give up. If we give up Yan'an for the time being, the enemy will bear the burden. Sooner or later we will get it back."
As the saying goes, know the enemy and be close to one's own friend. Chairman Mao already knows his old opponent Chiang Kai-shek. It is precisely because he understands the other party's weaknesses that he can never win.
Fifth, brainstorming
As the supreme commander, Chairman Mao has always been modest and cautious and brainstorming. In every major decision, Chairman Mao will stand on the standpoint of the people and listen to everyone's opinions.
According to Chairman Mao’s guard Ye Zilong , every time Chairman Mao drafted a telegram, he would say to him: "Please circulate this telegram to Mr. Zhu, Zhou Enlai and others, and send it out if you have no opinions."
For example, during the War of Liberation, Su Yu proposed that the East China Field Army will not cross the Yangtze River for the time being, but will launch an annihilation war north of the Yangtze River. After hearing the opinions, Chairman Mao immediately modified his combat plan.
"Can accept advice, listen to lawsuits, accept people, and accept words" and other requirements. Throughout history, there are very few generals who can be such as this.
Just like Bai Chongxi mocked Chiang Kai-shek: "General Jiang commanded the battle, and even a traffic police brigade and an infantry battalion had to interfere, which made the generals in the front helpless and unable to move. Others said he was the infantry commander, but I said he was the rifle commander.”
Premier Zhou explained Chairman Mao, an advantage that others could not do in "Learning from Mao Zedong". He said: " When Chairman Mao's opinions were not accepted by everyone, he waited, and he would speak again, educate and convince him when he had the opportunity. "
was like this during the ten-year civil war. We advocated fighting big cities. Chairman Mao believed that our strength was small, and we should not fight big cities, but we should concentrate our efforts on building bases. However, most of Chairman Mao's opinions did not agree with them. If everyone wanted to fight, he had to fight. As a result, he was defeated, Chairman Mao quickly proposed at the meeting: If you defeat, it means that this method would not work. Change it! Everyone still didn't accept it, so he had to wait and follow everyone again. As the Long March mentioned earlier, because he was defeated in Jiangxi, he fought hard and consumed. In the end, he could not stop it and had to withdraw. Jiangxi. On the Long March route, Chairman Mao put forward his correct opinions, corrected the wrong route at the Zunyi meeting, took the Red Army to climb snow-capped mountains, through grasslands, rush out of the dangerous situation, and arrived in northern Shaanxi, and finally proved that Chairman Mao’s claim was correct.
Sixth, indomitable will
When retreating, Chairman Mao and the guard accidentally walked into a very difficult deep ditch. The guard said: "Chairman, let's go back. "Chairman Mao said: "No, I never go back! "
" Never go back" is a true portrayal of Chairman Mao's strong will.
1976 Chairman Mao passed away in Beijing on September 9, 1976, but what is little known is that on September 8, the day before his death, he still insisted on reading books and newspapers.
Perhaps for us, it is meaningless to study at the end of our lives with oxygen tubes and other medical equipment inserted all over our body, and to read books at the end of our lives, but Chairman Mao's will is firm and he will not fall down until the last moment.
1976 September 8, 1976 (Chairman Mao nursing record)
0 0 minutes, body temperature is 36.9 degrees Celsius... Read for 14 seconds.
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