Introduction:
1927 Autumn Harvest Uprising led by Chairman Mao marched towards Jinggangshan , entrenched on Jinggangshan to recuperate, laying the foundation for the subsequent armed struggle and great victory. The Jinggangshan base area has a brilliant mark in the entire modern history of China. It is a great milestone and a great strategic change.
Oil Painting: Jinggangshan meets
There are also many mysteries in the Jinggangshan base area. From the popular sixteen-character wise to the killing of Wang Zuo , what happened in the three years in the Jinggangshan base area? And what are the two mysteries of Jinggangshan?
Strategy Changes and Entering Jinggangshan
In fact, the revolution has never been smooth sailing. We have always been looking for a bright direction in the darkness. The most tragic one is the 412 coup initiated by Chiang Kai-shek .
In this coup, millions of Communists died in this massacre. The lessons learned from this countless blood made the Communist Party at that time deeply realize that it needed to change its mind.
Poor mass during the Republic of China
At that time, China was still in a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. At that time, the peasant population accounted for more than 70% of the total population at that time. From this, it can be seen that The main force of China's revolution at that time should be the peasant .
, however, under the leadership of Chen Duxiu's mistake at that time, he gave up his leadership over the armed forces over the peasants.
Because after the initial victory of the working class revolution, most people in the party fell into a kind of fanaticism, and always believed that the urban riots of the working class must continue and ignored the role of the peasants.
After several consecutive failures, Chairman Mao put forward new strategic opinions - went deep into the countryside , turned the countryside into a revolutionary base, and surrounded the city from the countryside.
Stills
and Chairman Mao at that time proposed to to overthrow the landlords and establish peasant armed forces.
This was an extremely sharp and bold approach at the time, but it was precisely because of this bold approach that the weak Communist Party could accumulate strength to complete the counterattack.
The most typical representative is that he marched into Jinggangshan after the Autumn Harvest Uprising.
led by Chairman Mao withdrew from the cities where the enemy's armed forces were relatively strong and instead advanced towards the countryside where the enemy's armed forces were weak. It is precisely because of this move that the Red Army avoided many unnecessary losses and was able to accumulate strength.
Farmer Armed
Mystery One: Six-character Who created
And behind Jinggangshan base is the well-knownSix-character circulating: "Enemy advances, I retreat, the enemy stands, I disturb me, the enemy is tired, I fight, the enemy
Retreats, I chase "The sixteen words are familiar to everyone, but who created these sixteen words is different, but in summary, there are actually three statements.
. American female writer summarized by Zhu De Agnes Smedley said in " The Great Road ": "Zhu De summarized military tactics into the following key points:
(1) The enemy advances and retreats;
(2) The enemy is stationed and disturbs me;
(3) The enemy is tired and fights;
(4) The enemy retreats and chases me.
Zhu De's old photos
This point has also been mentioned in Zhu De's many speeches that he always emphasized that if you win, you will fight, and if you can't win, you will leave. People around Zhu De have also recalled many times that Zhu De has always been the main focus of guerrilla wars, and preserves his strength to annihilate the enemy.
. Experience of collective creation.The sixteen-character combat experience of this sixteen-character combat experience is not only used in Jinggangshan, but also widely used in other bases at that time. According to historical records, both the revolutionary bases in Hunan, Hubei and Hubei, and the revolutionary bases in Hubei, Henan and Anhui have used these experiences.
It is precisely because of the extensive use of these experiences that the revolutionary bases at that time have gained a lot.
Collective wisdom
. Chairman Mao’s combat practical experience The third point is also the point that everyone agrees most. According to the recollections of Zhu De and Peng Dehuai and others at that time, these sixteen-character characters were summarized by Chairman Mao.On April 5, 1929, the letter "Hidelines from the Front Committee to the Central Committee" written by Chairman Mao was the first time that the sixteen-character formula appeared in historical documents.
However, the sixteen-character formula appeared in the following articles of China's war experience at that time, and was summarized and clarified by Chairman Mao.
Mystery 2: Who should be responsible for Wang Zuo's killing
Jinggangshan Wang Zuo, revolutionary armed
mentioned Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base , then there are two mountain kings who have to mention that at that time, Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo. In the early stage of the revolution, these two had great historical significance. The Red Army was able to gain a foothold in Jinggangshan at that time, which was inseparable from the two of them at that time.
Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo
Why do they say that these two people have an indelible impact on the Jinggangshan movement? Let’s first understand the two people.
Both Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo were born in 1898. They were deeply persecuted by the landlords and gentry at that time. What's more, their families were destroyed and their people died. The seed of resistance was buried deep in their hearts.
The two met and hit it off. Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai organized their own team to rob the landlords and gentry to help poor peasants. It is precisely because of this that the local people support them very much.
, after all, it is not a regular army. They will inevitably bring a bit of the temperament of a green forest hero . They advocate drinking and eating meat, but has no clear goal and route. They rely entirely on the so-called loyalty in the world. However, they cannot call them bandits. What they did was also for the farmers at that time to live a better life.
Green Forest Heroes
They are called revolutionary peasant armed forces. At that time, Chairman Mao was invited to conduct military training for their peasant armed forces full of green forest heroic temperament. allowed this team to be reborn as soon as possible and became a regular army with correct ideas and routes.
In just a few months, the Green Forest hero led by Wang Zuo was transformed into a new type of revolutionary army. It was a major victory in correctly treating and handling the homeless proletariat in the early stage of the revolution, and this behavior has great and far-reaching significance.
's move allowed Chairman Mao to see the dawn of victory and made his theory more determined. The success of the transformation of
and the new concept
was also because of the transformation of Wang Zuo's army that made the party at that time full of confidence. You should know that there was force everywhere, and it was impossible for a territory without any armed forces. If the revolution enters the countryside, it must be necessary to deal with these different forces.
Oil painting
The successful transformation of Wang Zuo's army further enriched Chairman Mao's concept of establishing rural revolutionary bases at that time, and it was precisely with the example of Wang Zuo that enriched the theories of other bases.
It is precisely because of the successful transformation of Wang Zuo that the idea of "uphilling the mountain" was completely implemented. At that time, this action made a lot of contributions to the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base Area.
The Red Army had experienced persecution at that time, and the entire team could almost be said to be lingering. The team of the Autumn Harvest Uprising at that time was only 700 people left after the Sanwan adapted . After the 700 people were adapted , there were only 700 people left. , by incorporating the armed forces at that time, the Red Army's strength was strengthened. In the Jinggangshan base area, most of the armed forces of came from Wang Zuo's team.
Wang Zuo's sculpture
When the Jinggangshan base was founded, it was inseparable from Wang Zuo's contribution. You should know that the terrain in Jinggangshan is complex, and if you are not careful, you will easily get lost. At that time, Wang Zuo not only understood the terrain, but also deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
With the help of Wang Zuo at that time, Chairman Mao was able to take root in Jinggangshan , and Wang Zuo used his advantages to provide the logistical support for the Red Army at that time, so that the Red Army could stay in Jinggangshan and carry out guerrilla counterattacks.
It can be said that if Wang Zuo had not supported him at that time, the base in Jinggangshan would be difficult or even impossible to be built.
Wang Zuo's death and the wronged behind
Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, Wang Zuo has become a powerful general of Chairman Mao, but such a powerful general was killed as a "bandit" and "reactionary" in the middle of 1930.
When Chairman Mao learned the news, he was furious and criticized them for not following the policy. Chairman Mao comforted his family when he returned to Jinggangshan.
Condolences to Wang Zuo's descendants
There are various speculations about Wang Zuo's murder in that chaotic history. The first speculation is that Peng Dehuai killed Wang Zuo, the second speculation is that Peng Qingquan, the Central Inspection Commission, and Zhu Changkai, secretary of the Southwest Special Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the third speculation is that Peng Dehuai listens to others' slander and kills Wang Zuo.
What is the truth? Today I will go back to that period of time again to find the truth of that year.
1929. In order to smash the enemy's "consolidation" operation, Peng Dehuai, the then commander of the Fifth Red Army, led the 32nd Regiment of the Red Fourth Army, and Wang Zuo, at that time, led the 32nd Regiment of the Red Fourth Army to defend Jinggangshan. At that time, Chairman Mao and Zhu De led the main force of the Red Fourth Army to Gansu and western Fujian to open up new bases to "surround Wei and rescue Zhao".
Surround Wei and save Zhao
. At that time, Wang Zuo’s friend Yuan Wencai had a desire to retreat in his heart in the face of the hardship of the war. . After Wang Zuo found out, he did not hide his friends but instead sent his friends to ideological education. When Yuan Wencai faced education, he also knew his mistakes deeply and corrected them and actively participated in revolutionary activities to make up for his mistakes.
However, in 1930, Wang Zuo was killed. According to Article 16 of the "Notice of the Southwest Special Committee of Ganzhou" on April 9, 1930, it was written that
Yuan Wencai Wang Zuo opposed the division of fields and opposes the establishment of Soviet collusion between Chaling Jingwei Regiment and disturbing Yongxin Red Government Conference officially approved the West Road Commission to kill two traitors Yuan and Wang.
However, according to "Chen Zhengren's Talk about Chairman Mao's Great Practice in Creating the Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base", Wang Zuo actually had a lot of fields, but Chairman Mao told him that it is not possible to be a land Bodhisattva, and the land should belong to farmers. So Wang Zuo distributed the land to the farmers without saying a word.
Stills
is such a Wang Zuo, so how can he be considered a bandit? Then how was Wang Zuo killed?
In July 1930, , Comrade Liu Zuofu "in the review report to the central government, "Wang Zuo and Yuan Wencai mentioned that
was originally designated by Comrade Peng Qingquan to hold a meeting and "deceived" Wang Zuo and others. And went to Peng Dehuai's office and said that Wang Zuo made reactionary words at the meeting threatening the Communist Party. Although Peng Dehuai had doubts about this, he lent the soldiers without conducting a thorough investigation.
According to Comrade Zhou Li's recollection:
At that time, representatives from various counties were asked to h in the name of Comrade Mao Zedong. tml4 Yongxin held a meeting, and Comrade Wang Zuo heard that it was a meeting held by Comrade Mao Zedong, so he took people there.
"Memoirs of Past" also mentioned that on the day when Wang Zuo and the others were deceived to Yongxin, they issued a special order, asking everyone in the city to bring white cloth strips, and those who did not carry white cloth strips would be shot and killed.
The gunshots in the evening, and Wang Zuo realized that something was wrong and fled immediately, but fell into the river and drowned.
Peng Dehuai once reflected on:
"If what Zhu Changkai said at that time was untrue, then I made a major mistake of believing in slander. ”
Peng Dehuai
From this we can conclude that the main responsibility for Wang Zuo’s death is Peng Qingquan and other comrades. Peng Dehuai’s belief in slander is secondary responsibility.
Summary
In the past few years on Jinggangshan, too many things have happened, but these things have far-reaching lessons. ’s short victory does not mean permanent victory. must continue to make plans that suit the national conditions. When you are immersed in the initial victory without seeking change, the price of is immeasurable to anyone.
And Wang Zuo's sacrifice is like a mirror warning future generations that must not go to extremes in everything . Because Wang Zuo had a bad relationship with some gays, he made a wrong judgment. After shooting Wang Zuo and others, they encountered even more difficult problems and troubles. He also deeply reminded that no matter what the situation is, the three people in html should be realistic and conduct in-depth investigations, and they must not draw conclusions and ignore the lives of others.
Using copper as a mirror can correct your clothes, using history as a mirror can tell the rise and fall, and using people as a mirror can tell the gains and losses.
