In the 20th century, a scholar found a pampered paper in a museum in France. There were a few lines of words written in Persian on it, and the general meaning was to borrow soldiers from France.
This seems to be evidence that the Persian Kingdom and France had established diplomatic relations many years ago, but the scholar saw traces of a Chinese seal at the end of the letter. The text on is "The treasure for assisting the country and safeguarding the people."
After reading it, scholar sighed: It turns out that Persian was once a province in China.
Why does the letter from Persian appear in Chinese? What stories did the Persian Kingdom and China have ever had?
This is about the group of horse racing men who appeared on the Mongolian grassland a long time ago.
Yier Khan
As we all know, the ancient Mongolia once had a great monarch - Genghis Khan . Genghis Khan is a very brave and brave man. He led the powerful Mongolian cavalry to travel across most of the earth and founded an unparalleled huge empire across Eurasia - Mongolian Empire .
After the founding of the Mongolian Empire, because the country's territory was too large, Genghis Khan handed over Mongolia to his sons to manage it in four parts.
is the managed by the eldest son Shuchi , the managed by the Qincha Khanate , the managed by the second son Chagatai Khanate , the managed by the third son Ogedei Khanate , and the 4th son Tuole is responsible for guarding the family and managing the pasture and army of his father Genghis Khan in Odoer.
Torai's sons are all very brave. This Ir Khanate was defeated by Torae's son Hulagu . Before Hulagu captured this place, it was the Abbas Dynasty, which spanned three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa. But with the arrival of Hulagu's Iron Cavalry, it became part of , the major Mongolian country.
But the rule of the Ir Khanate did not last long. It was founded until the country was destroyed for 133 years, and it was eventually occupied by Timuer Empire .
In fact, in fact, the Timur Empire also has Genghis Khan's golden blood, but it can be said that it is not ruthless to destroy its own relatives.
Kublai Established Yuan Dynasty
In addition to establishing the Ir Khanate, Tolei's fourth son was also very famous. He was Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, and was known in history as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty.
After Genghis Khan's death, the kings of Mongolia changed for several generations. With the fourth generation of Khan, Mengge, who died during the Southern Expedition, the battle for the Khan throne began. After four years of battle to seize the throne, Kublai Khan defeated his younger brother, Alibuge, and became the fifth Khan of Mongolia.
After this war, the other three Khanates split from Mongolia all showed a confrontation with Kublai Khan, only Hulagu of the Ir Khanate and the family of Genghis Khan's fourth brother supported him.
Kublai Khan was not interested in getting others to obey him and began to manage his territory well. Because he liked Han culture very much since he was a child and was also very inclined to the imperial system of the Central Plains, he established the Yuan Dynasty and became the emperor with the example of Emperor Taizong of Tang and Li Shimin.
Under the leadership of Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty became the largest kingdom in Chinese history and the first unified dynasty of established by ethnic minorities .
But Kublai Khan admired war very much, which may be related to his unjust succession to the Khan throne. He could only start wars constantly and establish his external prestige in this primitive way.
Among them, he likes to attack Japan the most. He sent troops across the ocean to conquer Japan twice. Although both failed, it also caused a great shock in the East Asian region at that time.
After Kublai Khan called him Khan, his younger brother Xulagu didn't want to go back east, so he came up with the idea of wanting independence.
Since Hulagu was one of the few people who supported him when he succeeded to the throne, Kublai agreed and also sent an order to bounty him to Ili Khan, giving him a gold and silver engraved with the "Treasure of Assisting the Country and Safeguarding the People" to rule the territory west of the Amur River. Since then, the Ir Khanate has been formed.
After
had an actual independent status, the Ir Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty have maintained a very close relationship. The envoys of the two sides have had a very frequent exchanges. It is precisely because the two countries need to move around frequently that the great Silk Road was born.
Later, various inventions and cultures of the Central Plains and the West were also shared because of the Silk Road. It was during this period that Western Arabic numerals, calendars, etc. were introduced to the Central Plains.
The Ir Khanate has always regarded the Yuan Dynasty as its sect leader. The Khan kings of all dynasties have almost always followed the Yuan Dynasty's edicts. Even if the Khan takes the concubine, he will ask the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty to be approved and give the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty the honor of marriage.
Il Khanate and the Yuan Dynasty successively destroyed Hulagu, who chose to stand with Kublai Khan, would naturally be attacked by several other Khanates. For example, Beg'er from the Khanate Kingdom likes to cause trouble for him. In order to compete for the Azerbaijani grassland with abundant water and grass, Beg'er sends troops to the Ir Khanate from time to time.
Later, Chahetai Khanate also came to get into the trap. At that time, the Ir Khanate was a great enemy.
But the Yuan Dynasty, far away in the Central Plains, was really difficult to help itself, and the relationship was beyond reach. The Ir Khanate had to turn to some Western countries. So the letter of help mentioned at the beginning of the article appeared.
With the succession of the seventh Khan King Hezan, the Il Khanate quickly became Islamized. Hezan also changed his monarch name from "Great Khan" to " Sudan ", and completely transformed from a country established by a grassland nation to an Islamic country in Middle East .
Later, civil strife occurred in the Ir Khanate, and the nobles all proclaimed themselves kings one after another. In one night, eight khans appeared. In order to compete for territory, the eight khans conquered each other. Therefore, as external disputes continued to intensify, the destruction of the Ir Khanate was accelerated.
At the same time, life in the Yuan Dynasty was not easy. Due to the turmoil and uneasy internal political situation, the emperor changed again and again. The last emperor gave up and forced taxes from the people to make up for the emptiness of the national treasury and the people were in vain.
So, the people said they would rebel. The Han people, who were dissatisfied with the Mongolian people, formed a very large-scale rebel army in various places and immediately fired fire across the world. The Yuan Dynasty was no longer able to wipe out the Red Turban Army, and could only flee to the north of the Mo, ending its rule over the country for nearly a hundred years.
Someone also asked, why didn’t the Yuan Dynasty send troops to rescue the Yuan Dynasty when the Yuan Dynasty suffered the disaster of destruction?
This is the cause of Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the country of Ir Khan far away, the other three Khanates did not like the Yuan Dynasty very much. Don’t say that they sent troops. You may be gloating when you see the demise of the Yuan Dynasty!
