1949, the transformation of Jiuzhou land into a foregone conclusion was made. On this day, Chiang Kai-shek published a "Letter to the Military and Civilian Compatriots across the country" saying that he was willing to "seek peace" from the Communist Party of China. On this day, Mao Zedong published a New Year's speech, " Carrying the Revolution to the End ". Mao Zedong announced: Oncoming 1949 will be an extremely important year in history, and a republic with people's democratic dictatorship will be established nationwide.
This year, behind the political and military curtain, Chiang Kai-shek lured literati to Taiwan, while the CCP sincerely invited famous scholars to go north and performed a battle for cultural celebrities in the 20th century.
Jiang Jieshi and Weng Wenhao
In April 11948, the Kuomintang-Republic talks had completely broken down, and Civil war broke out in full swing. In Nanjing, the Republic of China is conducting its first national presidential election. Chiang Kai-shek, who was elected president with an absolute advantage, was worried about the position of "President of the Executive Yuan".
In desperation, Chiang Kai-shek remembered Weng Wenhao who retired from politics two years ago.
1
China Geology First person
On May 25, 2048, the Central Daily News published the news that "The Legislative Yuan passed the high votes Weng Wenhao became the President of the Executive Yuan."
Weng Wenhao was born in 1889 in a gentleman's family in Ningbo, Zhejiang. He entered the school at the age of 6, and was admitted to the scholar at the age of 113. In 1908, he was admitted to the public fund to study in Europe and was admitted to the University of Leuven, Belgium to study geology.
1912, 23-year-old Weng Wenhao obtained a doctorate in physics and geology with excellent results. He is the first doctorate in geology in China.
After returning to China, Weng Wenhao refused the generous treatment of the chief engineer of the joint venture and came to the poverty-stricken Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce to work as a professor. In 1916, the Beijing government established a Geological Survey Institute, and Weng Wenhao was appointed as the head of the Minerals Section, and later served as the director. Weng Wenhao, who was born in
, was originally a scholar who devoted himself to research. He has written the first book of "China Minerals Journal", compiled the first geological map of China , and formed China's first modern earthquake platform . He also founded the theory of " Yanshan Movement " and organized the excavation of Yangshao cultural site . It can be said that in China, he created all the disciplines related to the earth, including minerals, geology, paleontology, , soil science, , etc.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Academician
Ke Jun
When I was in the upper grade of elementary school, I already knew that there were Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao. This is the most famous. The best map belongs to the two of them. Then, there was another Li Siguang . Li Siguang is the late one.
Weng Wenhao is also the first Chinese scholar to receive world honors . In 1922, he was elected as vice president and commentator of the International Geological Conference; the Beijing Zhoukoudian Archaeology organized and promoted by him was unearthed fossils of the Peking Man's skull in 1929.
This achievement was praised as the "first-side world gold medal" achieved by Chinese science, and has also created a new generation of Chinese archaeologists and paleoanthropologists such as Pei Wenzhong and Jia Lanpo .
Researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Li Xuetong
He once mentioned in a poem that Although I am young, I must support myself, and I must support the weak and weak. At that time, a very important thing for the great powers to divide the sphere of influence in China was to explore China's mineral resources , but the Chinese knew very little about this mineral resource.
The background of modern China's national weakness, as well as his strong patriotism's ideal of saving the country, still had a very important impact on his professional choice.
931, the gunshots of "9.18" pierced the tranquility of the study and made countless Chinese intellectual elites put down their knowledge. In order to attract talents, Chiang Kai-shek invited more than 20 experts and scholars including Wang Shijie, Hu Shi and to give lectures to him in 1932.
It was in the summer of this year that Weng Wenhao met Chiang Kai-shek for the first time.
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"Thousands of people point to it"
is located in the Second Historical Archives in Nanjing, which preserves the record of Weng Wenhao's first meeting with Chiang Kai-shek. During the three-day conversation on Mount Lu, Chiang Kai-shek was deeply impressed by Weng Wenhao's talent and strongly invited him to join the government to plan a major anti-Japanese plan.
Weng Wenhao's youngest son
Weng Xinjun
Jiang Kai-shek said that I wanted to set up a national defense committee, which seemed to be doing the preparations for the anti-Japanese war, so he asked my father to be the secretary-general.
Researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Li Xuetong
(Jiang Kai-shek said to Weng Wenhao) Isn’t your institution short of money? I can grant you 100,000 ocean , and then I will invite him to come no matter what. The International Design Committee is a secret agency that is not public and does not have a sign. The chairman of this committee is Chiang Kai-shek.
The passionate passion that stood up for the fight against Japan and the nation saved Weng Wenhao finally accepted Chiang Kai-shek's invitation.
And there was little contact between Weng Wenhao and the Communist Party before 1949. After careful consideration, the most direct relationship was only a past event in 1938.
At that time, further detection was needed in order to develop Yumen Oilfield . Weng Wenhao needs to go to northern Shaanxi to get back the drilling machine left there.
Researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Li Xuetong
Before setting up a Shaanxi-North Shaanxi oil exploration office and started production, but after the Communist Party came, it occupied the oil mine, and even the workers took the drill rig.
Weng Wenhao specially visited Zhou Enlai, the representative of the Communist Party in Wuhan at that time, and received the full support of Zhou Enlai. He left a very good impression of Zhou Enlai for the Communist Party or .
1 On May 24, 2048, on the second day after the People's Liberation Army surrounded Changchun, the Legislative Yuan, which had been stalemate with Chiang Kai-shek, passed Weng Wenhao's appointment with a high vote. This change has been praised by many people, including the US Ambassador to China Stuarten .
However, people are also very clear that in the face of the current crisis of the Kuomintang, Weng Wenhao will be unable to make the situation come true.
Chu Anping's "Comment on Weng Wenhao's Cabinet":
After Weng came to the head of the State Council, he might be more serious in doing things, but he would hope that Weng will turn his strength and change a situation. If it is not a fantasy, it is a luxury. No one can do anything to be the president of the "Executive Yuan". Whoever comes to power will be unlucky , and whoever does it will be sacrificed.
Chu Anping's words come true.
948 took office on May 25, and by November 3 of the same year, Weng Wenhao's cabinet lasted for less than 6 months, becoming another short-lived cabinet in the history of the Republic of China.
Gold Yuan Coupon
In the past six months, in order to eliminate the deteriorating inflation Weng Wenhao promoted the imperative financial reform at that time. But all his efforts left behind the future generations was the gold coupon that was "referred by thousands of people". After the sharp depreciation of
gold coupon, Weng Wenhao began to stay in the door and refused to see guests, thinking that he would bid farewell to the political arena from now on.
However, on Christmas 1948, the Communist Party, which had surrounded Beiping , announced a list of top war criminals, with a total of 43 people on the list, and Weng Wenhao ranked 12th.
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Home heart
Time entered 1949, when the military defeat, the Guangxi warlords forced Chiang Kai-shek to declare his throne for the third time. Vice President Li Zongren acts on presidential affairs and intends to seek peace with the CCP. The first condition proposed by the CCP is to require the Nanjing government to "arrest a group of civil war criminals" and emphasized that it is necessary to arrest the "first-class war criminals" on the list first.
The news came, and Weng Wenhao packed his clothes and lived in Taiwan. Among his four sons, the second one has died on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War, and neither the third one Weng Xinhe nor the fourth one Weng Xinjun were with him.
Weng Wenhao's youngest son
Weng Xinjun
Sun Yueqi advised my elder brother not to leave. My elder brother is the only oil pipe expert sent out to learn oil pipes. He said you don't leave. The Communist Party will definitely build it. Taiwan is such a small place, and you are not allowed to learn it. Zhang Zikai persuaded that the Communist Party will have a hard time, so leave quickly.
The Kuomintang-Republic talks failed to be achieved overnight, and Li Zongren quickly extended an olive branch to Weng Wenhao.
1 On February 8, 1949, Weng Wenhao returned to Shanghai with Li Zongren's special envoy, Cheng Siyuan, and became the Secretary-General of the Presidential Office. He was exhausted by politics and was tortured by politics, but he once again stepped into the political arena. Weng Wenhao was in an effort to win the hope of staying in the front line.
Researcher at the Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
Li Xuetong
(He) felt that he was working in politics for the sake of Anti-Japanese War and for the construction of the country, so that he could enter politics. In the end, Unexpectedly, the final conclusion fell on him was a war criminal . The image of Li Zongren's government at that time was about talking to the Kuomintang and the Republic of China. He felt that accepting such an appointment at this time could establish his image of supporting peace or opposing civil war.
1949, Zhang Zhizhong, Shao Lizi and his party flew to Peiping to start peace talks with the Communist Party of China. Weng Wenhao went to the airport to see him off. Weng Wenhao insisted that the Kuomintang accept the demands of the Communist Party of China, but this meeting completely closed the door to peace talks.
Weng Wenhao had to go into exile again.
He did not go to Guangzhou with the National Government, but went through Shanghai, Taiwan, and finally arrived in Hong Kong. He was determined to escape from the whirlpool of Chinese politics and no longer at the mercy of others. But a heart that is looking forward to returning home is still suffering.
The signal of returning home came earlier than expected. On May 29, 1949, the third day of Shanghai's liberation, Acting Mayor Chen Yi waved to Weng Wenhao for the first time when meeting with the left-behind staff of the Resources Committee. At the end of 1950, two months after China sent troops to North Korea, Weng Wenhao finally withdrew his ticket to the United States and took a flight from Paris to Hong Kong the following spring.
On March 7, 1951, Beijing Qianmen Railway Station welcomed China's former best geologist, founder of the oil industry, and an unsuccessful politician - Weng Wenhao.In 1954, Chairman Mao warmly met Weng Wenhao, held his hand, and said the first sentence was: "Mr. Weng is back, okay, okay."
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"Returning to the North·1949"
Editor: Wang Dingyao
