Wang Mingben was a student who stayed in the Soviet Union and was also one of the "28 and a half". But Wang Ming had a strong desire for power. He had a good relationship with his mentor mif . With the support of Miff, he became the trusted person at that time and also became the leader among students studying in the Soviet Union. When Miff arrived in China as a representative of the Communist International, he took Wang Ming with him and found a position for Wang Ming in the Central Committee and entered the Central Propaganda Department.
After the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Wang Ming quickly gained power. The reason why he successfully took power was mainly because he stepped on Li Lisan. On June 22, 1931, after Xiang Zhongfa rebelled, Wang Ming presided over the work of the central government and became the actual leader of the central government. But after that, the Communist International needed to send a person in charge to Moscow as a representative, and in the end, Wang Ming chose to go to the Soviet Union.
At the end of 1937, Wang Ming returned to China in accordance with the instructions of the Communist International. Why did Wang Ming come at this time?
1. Reasons for choosing Wang Ming
What is a person's character determines how far he can go. Wang Ming has a very poor character. The reason why he became the leader is not based on the right path. If it weren't for Li Lisan, Wang Ming would have lost the object of his struggle and the opportunity to "stymie" on Miff, so Wang Ming trampled Li Lisan under his feet and won the trust of the Communist International in him. At that time, our party was led by the Communist International. Since Wang Ming was trusted by the Communist International, he soon became the supreme leader.
Before Xiang Zhongfa betrayed, Wang Ming was actually the supreme leader. After Xiang Zhongfa betrayed, Wang Ming became the general responsible. But the situation in Shanghai was too dangerous at that time, and our party's underground organizations were repeatedly destroyed. At that time, the Communist International asked one of our party to take charge of the Soviet Union and finally chose Wang Ming. Was it Wang Ming’s request or was it decided by Wang Ming himself in the end? But no matter who decides it, Wang Ming, as the supreme leader, left Shanghai to the Soviet Union at a critical moment, to avoid the pursuit of the Kuomintang.
Wang Ming returned to the Soviet Union for the second time. He thought he would come back soon, but it was not until 6 years later, that is, after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, Wang Ming was preparing to return to China in 1937.
After the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist International was worried that our party would not be able to adapt to the changes in the situation of the anti-Japanese national united front, so it selected Wang Ming to return to China to provide assistance to the establishment of the united front.
says it is help, just like sending a "instructor minister". The problem lies here. The Communist International is not an "emperor" and Wang Ming is not an "instructor minister."
Wang Ming had a debate with the teacher after returning to Yan'an . Regarding such a debate, the teacher later said that there were mainly two issues: is the united front and the other is the war.
Why did the Soviet Union give Wang Ming the task of returning to China to “help the CCP”?
This is a problem that the outside world does not understand, because Wang Ming has not experienced the hard tests such as war. When the instructor led the Red Army Long March, Wang Ming was still enjoying coffee and vodka in the Soviet Union. Wang Ming did not have any cruel struggles. The teacher was dismissed from his post on the Long March and was suppressed, but Wang Ming did not have such experience. Wang Ming just stayed in the Communist International organs, and this kind of experience was not experience.
The Soviet Union chose Wang Ming, but in fact, Wang Ming had already investigated because Wang Ming had no thoughts and was just a person who obeyed his orders. As long as the Soviet leaders assigned them, Wang Ming would do his best to do it well.
Indeed, among the leading cadres of our party at that time, Wang Ming was familiar with the Communist International and able to master its spirit.
When Wang Ming attacked Li Lisan, he used a few words from the Communist International to understand the intentions of the Communist International and then suppress Li Lisan.
In ancient times, the imperial envoys also had the "right to self-determination", and Wang Ming did not. In fact, Wang Ming was the emperor who sent someone to inquire about the news and then check whether the "people around him" were doing things according to the emperor's requirements.
so Communist International believes that sending Wang Ming back to China is the most appropriate. The leaders of the Communist International, both Dimitrov and Stalin , agreed to Wang Ming's return to China, and also had high hopes for Wang Ming to complete the mission of the Communist International.
Even so, the Soviet Union was still worried and tested Wang Ming in advance, but Wang Ming didn't know.
Dimitrov asked Wang Ming to write an article on China's work situation and the Communist International's views on China's issues, so as to understand whether Wang Ming can thoroughly implement the Communist International's intentions.
Wang Ming then wrote an article, Wang Ming's article had nothing to do with it, he did not see the arduousness and complexity of the War of Resistance, and was optimistic about the situation of the War of Resistance. However, Dimitrov and Stalin were very happy after seeing this, thinking that Wang Ming was a person who could implement the intentions of the Soviet Union into reality, and it was most appropriate to send him there.
2. Stalin's summoning conversation
Dimitrov and Stalin's articles on testing Wang Ming were also quickly published in several magazines sponsored by the Soviet Communist International and the Communist Party's delegation to the Communist International. Wang Ming's reputation spread throughout the Communist International again, and he felt that his status was higher than others.
In order to let Wang Ming further understand the intention of the Soviet Union to send him, Stalin and Dimitrov met with Wang Ming and others to further clarify the relevant work.
This is also a routine work before the Communist International sent people to perform tasks, and it is also the last indoctrination of intentions into those who performed tasks.
Why did Stalin and Dimitrov attach so much importance to sending Wang Ming back to China?
There is also a strategic interest in the Soviet Union. Don’t think that the Soviet Union sincerely helped China, including the Soviet Union’s own interests.
At that time, the Soviet Union was facing German threats and was also afraid that Japan would launch an attack on the Soviet Union from the Far East. If this happens, the Soviet Union will face a war between the east and west, so as long as China resolutely resists Japan, it can prevent Japan from launching an attack on the Soviet Union in , Far East, .
But the Soviet Union's hope is placed on Chiang Kai-shek's side, hoping that the Kuomintang can hold back Japan because Chiang Kai-shek has a million troops. In this way, the pressure on the Soviet Union will inevitably be reduced.
Wang Ming is under great pressure to go back to work. If he wants to implement the intentions of the Communist International, he will inevitably have conflicts with the teachers.
The Soviet Union still focused on the interests of the Soviet Union on the issue of China's united front. Dimitrov once said that during the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Communist Party of China should learn from the experience of the People's Front organized by the French Communist Party and require the principle of "everyone obeys the united front and everything goes through the united front." It is necessary to influence the Kuomintang and focus on Chiang Kai-shek, which inevitably leads to contradictions.
So before Wang Ming left, the Communist International made a resolution, just like Wang Ming brought the emperor's handwriting. This resolution includes unswervingly implementing the anti-Japanese national united front and making every effort to comprehensively consolidate the united front.
Stalin summoned Wang Ming to have a conversation and also made some requests. One of them is still the "unified front".
Wang Ming took the " Shangfang Sword " given by the emperor. Anyone who doesn't listen will bring Stalin and the Communist International out. If he doesn't listen, he will be criticized and criticized.
From another perspective, the united front also met the needs of the situation at that time, which was an important condition for China to defeat Japan. But the Soviet Union believed that it was enough to ensure that Chiang Kai-shek's power could delay Japan's goal.
The Soviet Union could not take "stop Japan" and talk about it, and Chiang Kai-shek could not do it according to the Soviet Union. Therefore, the "unified front" became the main goal of the Soviet Union. Only when the united front was realized, Chiang Kai-shek also helped the Soviet Union.
The teacher firmly resisted Japan and emphasized the maintenance of the united front many times. What Wang Ming had to do was to maintain the united front, so the goals were consistent at that time.
However, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperate to build a united front, and Chiang Kai-shek will definitely take advantage of the opportunity to attack the CCP and divide and disintegrate the Red Army. There is one contradiction among them, one-sidedly maintaining the united front, and indulging Chiang Kai-shek's attack on us will not work.
Wang Ming needs to play a role in handling this situation.
3. Wang Ming's position is not correct
We just talked about it. Wang Ming must play a major role after returning to China. Although Wang Ming could understand the intentions of the Communist International, Wang Ming had selfish intentions and wanted to continue to be his general responsibility.
Stalin and Dimitrov cannot let Wang Ming return to China to take over as leader. Because in Stalin's eyes, since 1935, they recognized the teachers as the veritable leader of the Communist Party of China and fully supported the teachers.
The Soviet Union understood very well that the teachers had experienced various complex struggles and various difficulties and difficulties, so they led the Red Army to stabilize their position. The Communist International believes that teachers are "heroic flag bearers."
1935, in the magazine "Prajà 3" and the Communist International, teachers were praised as "the legendary figure of the Chinese people", "with extraordinary talents, steel-like will", etc.
teachers deserve these praises because they are capable and experienced, so both Stalin and Dimitrov believe that teachers are the leaders.
When Stalin summoned Wang Ming to talk, Wang Jiaxiang also participated in the summoning. Why was Wang Jiaxiang in the Soviet Union? Because after the Long March, Wang Jiaxiang went to the Soviet Union for medical treatment. If Stalin wanted to understand the strength of the CCP, he asked Wang Ming how many Chinese Red Army there were. If Wang Ming answered: 300,000. Wang Jiaxiang, who was standing beside him, immediately corrected: There are only more than 30,000 people.
Wang Ming's answer made Stalin dissatisfied. He was worried that Wang Ming would miss the situation when he returned to China, but after choosing, there was no one more suitable than Wang Ming.
When Stalin met Wang Ming, he directly affirmed the victory achieved by the Red Army under the leadership of the teacher. At the end of the speech, Stalin stood up and asked Wang Ming to send a message to the teacher, wishing him good health. This shows that Stalin recognized the teacher and asked Wang Ming to humbly accept the teacher's leadership and not to miss the major events of the "unified front".
Even though Stalin and Dimitrov's Communist International recognized teachers, Wang Ming always regarded himself as the leader.
Dimitrov had long seen through Wang Ming's character. When he summoned Wang Ming and Kang Sheng, he repeatedly told them: We must build a good unity, and even if we let Wang Ming be the leader, he would refuse.
Dimitrov also instructed Wang Ming: He has not been in China for a long time and does not understand the situation in China. He must maintain a modest attitude and respect other leaders. He also told Wang Ming that "the leader of the Communist Party of China is not you at all."
Because Dimitrov was worried that Wang Ming would return to China with the banner of the Communist International to be domineering in the party, and even regarded himself as a leader, that would easily lead to bad things and may also affect the strategic interests of the Soviet Union. Therefore, you must beat it before returning to China.
Did Wang Ming keep the words of Stalin and Dimitrov in his heart?
Because personality is difficult to change, it also determines destiny. Wang Ming didn't remember at all that the time when he was abandoned by history was also after his second return to China.
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