Editor's note -
Golden autumn brings joy, and the fragrance of books moistens the heart. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party is about to be held. People's Daily Publishing House New Media launched the "Party History Story in Books" column. Together with readers and netizens, open the warm books and taste the stories with emotion...
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mao Zedong said that it was the Marxist work "The Communist Manifesto" that enabled him to establish his belief in Marxism. Deng Xiaoping said, "My introductory teachers are the Communist Manifesto and the Communist ABC". It is precisely because of the great appeal of this book that the reactionary governments in the revolutionary war era regarded it as a disaster and continued to ban and destroy it. However, there are still a group of revolutionary patriots who use their lives to protect this book of faith in the white horror, so that the fire of revolution can be spread and continued...
shanxie Tibetan literature
The First National Congress of the Communist Party of China displays two early Chinese translations of the "Communist Manifesto". On the light blue cover of one of the "September Edition", the lines of words " Zhang Jingquan (Renya) who has been secretly hidden in the mountain cave for more than 20 years" are particularly eye-catching. Behind this line of small characters is a thrilling story.
The earliest German version of the Communist Manifesto was published in 1848. In August 1920, the first full Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto translated by Chen Wangdao was officially published in Shanghai. This is the first classic Marxist book published in Chinese. It was immediately sold out after its release. The second edition was published in September of that year, and it was immediately sold out. Later, it was published several times. The publication of the full Chinese translation of the "Communist Manifesto" laid the foundation for the spread and development of Marxism in China, and also provided theoretical guidance for the founding of the Communist Party of China.
When the "Communist Manifesto" was released in Shanghai, the 22-year-old Zhang Renya was actively participating in workers' demonstrations and marchs in Shanghai. He and other young people posted notices and distributed leaflets, and engaged in social and political activities. Due to active work, in November 1922, Zhang Renya gloriously joined the Communist Party of China and was arranged by the party organization to Commercial Press to publish and distribute the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's " Guide ". After he obtained the Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto, he immediately collected it.
1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China was secretly held in Shanghai. After the meeting, the Central Committee printed important documents such as the " Constitution of the Communist Party of China" and resolutions passed by the meeting in the brochure and secretly sent them to comrades within the party. Zhang Renya knew the important value of these documents and kept them properly after obtaining them.
1927, the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup broke out, the situation of China's revolution took a sharp turn, and the Kuomintang reactionaries searched and harmed Communist Party members. At that time, Zhang Renya, who worked in the Propaganda Department of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China, was worried about the precious documents within the party he collected. At the end of 1927, he secretly returned to his hometown in Ningbo , handed the batch of documents to his father Zhang Jueqian for custody, and then left in a hurry. How to protect the documents entrusted by my son in a white horror? Zhang Jueqian thought of a good idea.
In the spring of the following year, there was a tomb in the back mountain of the Zhang family. Zhang Jueqian told the villagers that his son had died in Shanghai. He successfully concealed the villagers nearby, and no one doubted what was in the tomb. In fact, what is buried in the tomb is the documents wrapped in layers of oil paper. Zhang Jueqian silently buried this secret in his heart, hoping that one day his son would come back and "return the things to the original owner."
Who knows that this has been waiting for decades. In 1932, Zhang Renya accepted the organization's arrangement and served as the director of the Printing Bureau in the Central Soviet Area. Due to long-term hard work, he became ill due to overwork and unfortunately died in the winter of that year. Due to the poor information at that time, Zhang Jueqian did not receive this news.After the founding of New China, Zhang Jueqian, who was already in his 80s, still did not wait for any news about his son. He decided to hand over the Communist Party's things to the Communist Party. So he opened the tomb of that year, took out the documents that were still intact, and took them back to Shanghai and handed them over to the relevant departments by his third son Zhang Jingmao.
After Zhang Jingmao returned to Shanghai, he engraved two commemorative medals. The rectangular seal read "The Books and newspapers that Comrade Zhang Jingquan (Renya) has been secretly hidden in the mountain cave for more than 20 years", and was stamped on various books and newspapers; another square seal read "The Books and newspapers of Comrade Zhang Jingquan (Renya) has been secretly hidden in the mountains", and was stamped on some important party documents. Later, these precious cultural relics were donated to the Shanghai Workers' Movement Historical Materials Committee and the Shanghai Revolutionary History Memorial Hall Preparatory Office.
In addition to the early Chinese translation of the "Communist Manifesto" and some books and newspapers, the most precious of this batch of cultural relics is the first "Constitution of the Communist Party of China" and the second National Congress file collection passed by the Second National Congress of the Party. This is the only Chinese document of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China that has survived so far, and is currently treasured in Central Archives . Now, most of the cultural relics left by Zhang Renya have been preserved as national first-class cultural relics, in the Central Archives, China National Museum and the First National Memorial Hall of the Communist Party of China, becoming an important witness to the 100-year journey of the Communist Party of China.
Rural Holy Fire
Shandong Dongying History Museum treasures another early version of the Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto. The faded water-red cover is vaguely visible to the half-body portrait of Marx, with the wrongly printed words "Communist Manifesto". This is the first Chinese version of the "Communist Manifesto" in August 1920, and the wrong title has also become an important symbol of this version. At present, there may be only a dozen "August Edition" found nationwide. Why does such a rare version appear in the Dongying History Museum in Shandong?
Dongying History Museum
Due to the very limited number of printed copies at the time and the long-term ban by the reactionary government, the earliest version of the "Communist Manifesto" was hard to find after the founding of New China.
In January 1975, Chen Wangdao, the translator of the first full Chinese translation of the Communist Manifesto, was invited by the Beijing Library to visit the Rare Book Group. The staff took out several early versions of the Communist Manifesto and asked him to help identify them. Chen Wangdao selected one of them and determined that the version was the first edition printed in August 1920. Unfortunately, this version lacks the back cover and copyright page, and is a residual version.
In the autumn of the same year, an old man named Liu Shihou from Liuji Village, Guangrao County, Dongying City, Shandong Province donated a water-red cover "Communist Manifesto" to the Guangrao County Museum. It was the time of the "Cultural Revolution" and the museum did not pay enough attention to this cultural relic and kept it in the warehouse. It was not until 1985 that this outdated book attracted the attention of relevant departments. When the news reached Beijing, the authoritative researchers immediately came to Guangrao . After careful research, they uncovered the little-known story behind the book.
1921 When the Party’s First Congress representatives Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming returned from Shanghai, they also brought back Marxist works and propaganda materials such as the “Communist Manifesto”. Under the leadership of Wang Jinmei and Deng Enming, Shandong established the "Marxist Theory Research Association", and the main document studied by the research association is the "Communist Manifesto". This book has been traveling around Shandong, from one party branch to another, from one party member to another, and in 1926, it appeared in the hands of Liu Liangcai, the party branch secretary of Liuji Village, Guangrao County.
Guangrao Liuji Party Branch was established in the spring of 1925. At that time, there were only six or seven party members in the entire branch. Branch Secretary Liu Liangcai often convenes everyone to study the "Communist Manifesto" at night to preach revolutionary principles and cultural knowledge. Everyone listened with relish and intimately called Marx on the cover of this book "Big Bearded Man".
The spark of the revolution soon burned from Liuji Village to Guangrao County. In December 1928, the Guangrao County Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, and Liu Liangcai served as the county party secretary. After the failure of the Great Revolution, the enemy stepped up the search for Guangrao Communist Party organizations and party members.Under the terror of white, Liu Liangcai and Liu Ji Party Branch had to destroy the party’s confidential documents and study materials, but this "Communist Manifesto" was preserved. Liu Liangcai wrapped it up and hid it at home.
Later, Liu Liangcai was transferred to other areas by the provincial party committee. Before leaving, he handed over the "Communist Manifesto" to Liu Kaowen, a member of the Liuji Village branch. In August 1932, the Guangrao Party organization was severely damaged. Liu Kaowen estimated that he might be arrested at any time, so he handed it over to Liu Shihou, a villager who was loyal and honest and not easy to attract the attention of the enemy.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese and puppet troops "sweep" Liuji Village three times, and the houses in the village were almost burned out, but this "Communist Manifesto" was safe and sound under the protection of Liu Shihou. During the War of Liberation, due to the invasion of the Kuomintang troops, Liu Shihou still had to hide the book everywhere. It was not until the autumn of 1975 that he felt at ease to take it out and donate it to the Guangrao County Museum. Today, this book has been rated as a national first-class revolutionary cultural relic and is treasured in the Dongying History Museum in Shandong Province. Liuji Village, Guangrao County, which has treasured it for more than half a century, also built a memorial hall of the "Communist Manifesto" to continue to tell the story of the "big bearded man" to the villagers in a more colorful form.
Liu Jicun's "Communist Manifesto" Memorial Hall
Article excerpted from: People's Daily Press " Since the Party Has a Party: The Story of the Family and Country Behind Cultural Relics "
