In 1960, Indian troops began to carry out activities in the Tibetan border areas of our country.
Nehru insisted on the "meek" diplomatic style of the New China, attempting to invade our country's Tibet territory, creating established facts, and forcing China to make concessions.
The central government is very concerned about this matter and strives to be able to resolve the dispute between the two sides peacefully.
4 In April, after many diplomatic communications failed, Premier Zhou made a decision, that is, to go to India in person for a visit to communicate face to face with Nehru.
At this time, Nehru served as Prime Minister of India and Minister of Foreign Affairs . Coincidentally, Zhou Enlai was also the Prime Minister of China and had been the Minister of Foreign Affairs before 1958. It can be said that this was a negotiation between the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister.
But unexpectedly, the result of this conversation exceeded everyone's expectations.
1, the "Dragon and Elephant Fight" in the 1960s
Nehru has always had a very good impression of the Chinese people. He has brown skin and dark eyes. He has led the cause of Indian national independence and liberation since his youth, and has united all ethnic groups in India. He is the main driving force of the world's non-aligned movement.
In the early 1950s, he also shouted hard to restore of the People's Republic of China and urged to in the United Nations . At the
5 Wanlong Conference , he also advocated the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" with Zhou Enlai. He also became the leader of the Non-Aligned Movement and enjoyed a high reputation in the world.
For a long time, Nehru has been regarded as a friend who "entered together to keep warm" with China, but no one could have thought that this friendship would be broken after only 10 years.
During the trip to India, Zhou Enlai was in a very heavy mood.
As soon as he came, he had a good personal relationship with Nehru. Since the Bandung meeting, the two have met 4 times. Although there are not many opportunities to meet, the impressions left by both sides are quite good.
It can be said that Zhou Enlai did not want to regard Nehru as the enemy of China, but wanted to have a peaceful dialogue.
But from the other hand, it is undeniable that Nehru has always had many small moves behind him. Since the outbreak of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in 1953, Nehru has made many small moves in Tibet, hoping to take advantage of the chaos to occupy Chinese territory.
Nehru's approach aroused the indignation of the Chinese people. At that time, Chairman Mao also publicly stated: "Our enemy is in the East, not in India." left enough face for India, hoping to make big things small.
I never thought that the tolerance of these years has become "cowardly" in the eyes of India. Not only has it stopped, but it has gained more and more.
In the past thousand years of history, border disputes between the two countries have almost non-existent.
However, what is unexpected is that this tacit understanding was eventually completely broken by the British.
1914, the British delegation privately changed the border between China and India, and "transferred" the territory of 90,000 square kilometers in southern Tibet from the Republic of China government to British India.
After India's independence, the Indian government did not condemn the British colonists' crime of undermining friendship between the two countries, but instead actively inherited this "fat meat" and demanded that the so-called "territories" be redefined according to the so-called "McMahon Line". The dispute between the two sides began...
On April 19, 1960, the Chinese Foreign Ministry's special plane arrived in the Indian capital New Delhi .
At this moment, a welcome team of hundreds of people led by Nehru has gathered above the airport.
As Zhou Enlai got off the plane, Nehru took the lead in meeting him and shook hands with him. Neither side spoke, and the atmosphere was quite cold and silent. After the brief welcome ceremony, a female reporter from the British Times at the scene, Verna asked Zhou Enlai questions.
"Prime Minister Zhou, do you think your peace mission can be accomplished?"
This is not the first time Verna has met Zhou Enlai, and the two have always met each other.
For this question, Zhou Enlai spread his hands, "Do your best, one sincerity is not enough to do such a thing, two need to... "
The implication is that whether the two sides can coexist peacefully depends mainly on whether the Indian government is willing to be peaceful.
2. Hold a press conference and make its own voice
After arriving in India, the Chinese diplomatic team held a week-long negotiation with India. However, due to various shirks from India, the negotiations between the two sides have never been a definite result.
According to the originally established itinerary, China will hold a press conference on the evening of April 25, but when the proposal was handed over to Nehru's desk, it was called back: India refused to attend.
It can be said that until this time, there was no substantial progress in the negotiations between the two sides.
has made no progress and the Indian side does not attend, so the press conference will basically go bankrupt.
But unexpectedly, at this moment, Zhou Enlai gave instructions: the plan remains unchanged and the press conference will be held as usual.
When this news was released, all diplomatic ambassadors and media in New Delhi were shocked. No one knew what Zhou Enlai was fighting.
It was not until afterwards that according to Zhou Enlai's recollection that we understood his actions: the Sino-Indian negotiations were deadlocked at that time. If India was allowed to shirk responsibility and we did not make any statement, it would be India's way, and this trip would be in vain. Therefore, the Chinese delegation must make its own voice during its visit to India and reveal China's position to countries around the world.
Because of this, even if Nehru doesn’t come, Zhou Enlai will insist on holding this press conference.
Diplomacy has always been a battlefield without blood. Holding a press conference independently at other people's home court will inevitably be subject to various targets.
It is difficult for me to hold this press conference well.
However, Zhou Enlai's next series of actions showed the world the qualities of a professional diplomat.
April 25 at 7:00 pm, China's press conference was held as scheduled. In order to prevent the report from being deliberately distorted, every reporter and guest entering the venue received a card written by Premier Zhou himself. On the
card, Zhou Enlai expressed China's consistent position to resolve conflicts through friendly negotiations. Before that, China had no intention of expanding the issue.
This card seems meaningless, but in fact it reveals many intentions behind it.
The most difficult thing in diplomatic occasions is not to speak, but to express the meaning clearly and avoid being misinterpreted by the opponent.
This small card successfully solved this problem.
Many ambassadors of third countries were originally favored by India, and what they saw during their time in India were all unilateral reports from India, believing that China "bully bullying the small with the big."
But when I saw this card, my attitude towards China was corrected at once. Instead, I found that the Indian media had been exaggerating the dispute and began to re-examine the dispute from an objective and neutral standpoint.
Before the press conference began, there was a small episode:
According to the relevant article "Insider of the Major Decision of the Republic": Originally, the representatives of Indian media were preparing to protest loudly at the meeting, embarrassing China, but when the card appeared, the atmosphere of attending the meeting changed suddenly. If we shouted at this time, then India's hat that he did not want to "peacefully resolve" the problem would be confirmed.
Finally, until Zhou Enlai stepped onto the podium, they did not really shout it out, and the few sounds were all covered by the applause of the guests on the scene.
3. The press conference ended successfully, applause thunderously
After Premier Zhou stepped onto the podium, he first gave a speech for fifty minutes. He described the relationship between China and India in sincere language:
"China and India are ancient civilizations with a long history. For thousands of years, the two countries have been in a state of peace, which is extremely rare in history. In the long river of history, there has never been a real war between China and India. I hope that our generation will resolve the problem through peace."
's words are based on history, which not only gives India enough face, but also elaborates on the point of view, which is just right.
speech ended, and when the reporter asked questions, the beginning was a normal question asking about the attitude of the Chinese government and the details of the incident.
But when it was the British reporter's turn to ask questions, the tone of the conversation showed a full sense of provocation: "The disputed area is the 'Indian region'. What power does China have to decide the ownership of Tibet?"
The reporter's words were mixed with a strong smell of gunpowder. Obviously, the reporter did not intend to come to report normally, but wanted to see China make a fool of itself with bad intentions.
Facing such a question, Premier Zhou's tone became obviously serious: "This journalist friend, first of all, your description is extremely incorrect, but I would like to extend your statement. If a robber comes to your home and steals the neighbor's things, then shouldn't the neighbor ask for it?"
Hearing this, the British reporter's eyes instantly turned straight, Hearing this, the British reporter's eyes turned straight, "Mr. Prime Minister, are you saying that Indians are robbers?" However, Premier Zhou did not nod, but responded quite naturally: "Of course there are robbers, but not Indians, but British colonists." After saying this, the audience burst into warm applause. All the participants admired Premier Zhou's witty response, and the British reporter sat back in disappointment. In the subsequent questions, several reporters from various countries asked questions. One of the questions was quite concerned about, that is, the Qinghai-Tibet Highway built by China before 1960. Qinghai-Tibet Highway is located in the Karakoram region. From a time perspective, it was after the construction of this highway that disputes broke out between China and India. And this also made the people present wonder why China will build this path? Is it because of this highway that the relationship between the two countries suddenly deteriorates? The issue of Qinghai-Tibet Highway is a common misunderstanding internationally. Taking advantage of this opportunity, Premier Zhou replied in an extremely sincere tone: "China did build highways there, but this move has no military significance, but is just to improve the closed traffic environment in the local area. After the outbreak of the Sino-Indian conflict, in order to avoid further intensifying the conflict, China has stopped the construction of highways as soon as possible, and even the patrol and guard posts in relevant areas have temporarily stopped. In contrast, India is still gradually advancing. Is China the only one who provoked?" 's words once again caused discussions in the audience. At this moment, most of the participants had clearly understood the truth of the matter. There was no territorial dispute between the two sides. This was just a scene directed and acted by the Indian government. Seeing that the situation began to turn to China, the Indian Independent reporter could not sit still. This time, the Indian reporter bypassed the territorial disputes and instead led the topic to China's so-called "bullying the weak" and "bullying the small with the big". "Don't you think the territorial dispute between China and India is entirely the result of China's unilateral bullying against India?" Tomla's accent has always been very popular in India. In fact, since China joined the seat of the Five Constables of the United Nations, India has always had an imbalance in its heart, which has extended the so-called Chinese "bullying" India's imagination. This question is very tricky. If Zhou Enlai denies it, he will fall into a defensive position in subsequent diplomacy and must give in to the other party. Therefore, Zhou Enlai listed diplomatic examples between China and Myanmar , Nepal and other countries. Facing many reporters, Zhou Enlai explained, "In fact, the McMahon line is not only a matter between China and India. Myanmar, Bhutan , and Nepal all had territorial disputes with China because of this line. However, after negotiations, many parties reached a peaceful solution." Immediately afterwards, Zhou Enlai added again: "When talking about territorial disputes, India has territorial disputes with almost every neighboring country, including Pakistan and Bhutan. Is this also a big country bullying small countries?" After Zhou Enlai's words were said, Indian journalist Tomla was extremely angry. Standing in the press conference, he actually started shouting: "The Chinese are invaders, get out." , who has been sitting next to Premier Zhou and not speaking , Chen Yi slammed the table and stood up, shouting to Tomla: "Enough, don't make a quibble, China is damaged. Chairman Mao Zedong said, 'If anyone does not offend me, I will not offend others. If someone offends me, I will offend others', saying that I do not believe it, God can learn from it." These words were said, everyone at the scene was suppressed by Chen Yi's momentum. Chen Yi was a soldier and was one of the top ten marshals in New China. He had a general's majesty. Thomla in the audience immediately became silent and stopped talking. Before he finished speaking, the applause from the audience was thunderous, and the diplomatic press conference ended successfully. In fact, from the results, this diplomacy has not achieved a fundamental solution to the problems between China and India. However, India is still stubborn about this matter. Two years later, the Indian army launched an attack on the Chinese border defense forces in the Kjelang area. Faced with the aggressive behavior of the Indian army, our country was forced to fight back. , the Sino-Indian border self-defense counterattack war broke out inevitably. Reference: 1. "Interview with India in 1960: Zhou Enlai talks about the conspiracy, Chen Yi angrily scolds the reporter" Phoenix.com
