"Yang Family Garden Xiejialou" is a folk proverb from the past Haizhou . It is a rumor that the old Haizhou people depicted the famous buildings of the ancient city, demonstrating the envy of the Yang and Xie families and their complex psychology of the Haizhou people in that era. Yang Family Garden was the first year of the Xuantong reign of the Qing Dynasty. In 1909, Yang Xueyuan, the seventh son of the Yang Family, who was the magistrate of Licheng, Shandong, built a garden villa outside the east gate. However, after the baptism of the times, there is no tiles left.
The Xie family villa located at No. 65, the ancient city center street of Haizhou is well preserved. The five major surnames of Haizhou, Yin, Ge, Shen, Yang and Xie, are the order of the people to the rich families in the city. Although they are not the most influential family in the ancient city in the past, they are representatives of the wealthy and powerful families in Haizhou in modern times. The wealth and popularity of the Xie family may not be inferior to the top 4, and the ranking is at the end, which makes people in later generations puzzled.
Xie Xiyu, the owner of the Xie family villa, was born in 1865, in the fourth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. He was the second child. Because of his dark skin, he was called "Xie Erhei". When Xie Xiyu's generation arrived, there were dozens of hectares of farmland and more than a hundred houses. In the farming society, land is a symbol of wealth. The land distributed in the East China Sea, the countryside of the Xie family and the agricultural products of large vegetable gardens in Haizhou are the main income of the Xie family.
Farmers who come to the city to pay grain in the countryside during summer and autumn, donkeys carry the grain teams of wheelbarrows and push, line up in front of Xie's house, which is a bustling scene in the city. Because the family is good at doing business and knows how to weave, the family is big and the business is big, becoming a wealthy family in the maritime land.
1932 Dapu Port is gradually becoming silted. The water depth is seven or eight feet when the tide is flowing, and only three feet when there is no tide. The ship is often stranded. In order to open a northwest cargo port, Longhai Road Bureau decided to build a new terminal. It chose the old kiln on the other side of the East-West Lian Island as a new port, and took the word "Lianyungang" in the two place names of East-West Lian Island and Yuntaishan , and named the new port as "Lianyungang". Dapu Port was abolished immediately and Pier 1 was built in 1933.
Xie Xiyu's thoughts and traditions are inherited from Xie's family industry, focusing on business preservation as the main and entrepreneurship as the supplement. When the construction of Lianyungang wharf was in full swing, he did not purchase land in Xugou to develop it, but instead built a large-scale construction in Haizhou to build Xie's real estate.
Why was it influenced by the Dutch's construction of the port? In 1934, Xie Xiyu asked the Dutch to design it. It was constructed by Qingdao craftsmen, and built a Chinese and Western style villa on the west side of the Xie family compound. The villa faces Zhongda Street, facing north and south, 7.5 meters high, with a total of 14 rooms and a construction area of ββ256 square meters. The wings on both sides of the main house are symmetrical on the left and right, with red tiles on the top, and Dutch-style skylights are opened in the middle of the front and rear slopes.
As early as 1920, people from the sea in Beijing called for the development of Haizhou commercial ports. The Jiangsu Provincial Government called Beiyang Government twice to open a commercial port. On April 12, 1921, Xu Shichang sent Xuzhou to supervise the matters of Haizhou commercial ports under the order of the President. After receiving the order, Duan Yunshu set up a Haizhou Commercial Port Office in Nanjing to organize personnel, search for information and fabricate budgets.
On June 15, he rushed to Haizhou again, and together with Bai Baoshan and Huang Boyu, he took the Haijing Bing Ship of the Guardian Army to inspect the sea surface at Xugou and Guanhekou to finally determine the port location. After Duan Shuyun died in Xiao County on August 11, 1924, Liu Wenkui was supervised by Haizhou Commercial Port. After Laoyao built the port, the Longhai Railway Bureau moved its office in Nanjing to the Xiejia Villa in Haizhou to work. In order to facilitate contact with Nanjing, it also installed the first public telephone in Shanghai.
Xie's villa east-west hard mountain building, with laminated gables, round reliefs, Chinese gallery columns, and painted corridor edges. The foyer is wide, with three-story stone steps, the main house and side house stands a fireplace chimney, the interior is built with a Western fireplace, and the mezzanine firewall runs through each room, ensuring indoor heating in winter. It is the first modern European building in Haizhou area.
The front yard is a garden, and the -month cave door is connected to the outside. There are golden osmanthus and silver osmanthus planted on both sides of the yard. Xie Xiyu advocated the planting of flowers in Haizhou, and changed the vegetable farmers and tenants to flower farmers, specializing in planting flowers, and opening up the history of flower planting in Haizhou. I think the Xie family villa garden was also full of flowers back then.
Xie Xiyu has six children. His second son Xie Xiaoyu graduated from a public university in China and served as a member of the Beiyang government. In the spring of 1906, the governor Zhang Jinghu changed Shishi Academy to Haizhou Guanli Middle School, and in 1914 it was changed to Provincial No. 11 Middle School, and most of the middle schools were boys.
Xie Xiyu advocated that Equal gender is equal to . In 1925, he established the No. 1 Girls' Primary School in Donghai County, and later founded the Donghai County Girls' Middle School, allowing his sixth son Xie Weicen to serve as the principal of the female middle school. Xie Xiyu also donated nearly 100 hectares of grassland in Xiexu, Dacun as school fields. Xie Xiyu was enthusiastic about running education and was praised by all walks of life.
In 1938, in order to capture Lianyungang, the Japanese army bombed Xinpu, Haizhou and other places. Xie Xiyu took his family to live in Chen Baichuan, a relative's family in Baixi Township, Guanyun County. Later, he moved to Shao Changyun's house in Xiatan Village, , and finally went to his own Xiesanzhuang.
The situation is turbulent and displaced. Xie Xiyu was infected with a serious illness in the spring of 1940 and died of illness at the age of 75. After the Japanese occupied Haizhou, Xie's villa and courtyard were requisitioned by the Japanese army. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, it was occupied by Wang Zejun's four units of the reorganized 44th Division of the National Army. After the founding of New China, it was nationalized and has always been the office of the Haizhou Public Security Bureau.
This modern and modern Republic of China building in Haizhou area is well preserved. It was announced in 1993 as the second batch of cultural relics protection units in Lianyungang City. It is a building of the same period as the bell tower of Lianyungang Railway Station. It is a historical remains for studying the port development and modern and modern architectural development in Lianyungang City. If it is designated as the Museum of the Dutch Port Construction Office, let people understand the history of Lianyungang Port construction and develop and utilize the ancient city tourism.
Shiqiao peopleβs original Ma Jianyao, welcome to share, reprinting is not allowed.
Reference information:
"Xie Family House and Xie Xiyu" Xie Family Network Culture Media.
"Xie Family House" Zhang Tingliang.
" Application " "Architecture Special Issue" No. 48, Qianjiang Bridge and Laoyao Wharf, November 21, 1933.
pictures are from the Internet.
