On March 19, 1975, in the War Criminal Management Office, all the war criminals of gathered together. They sat upright, as if waiting for something.
Not long after, the radio rang.
"The second meeting of the Standing Committee discussed and decided to release all war criminals in detention!"
As soon as the speech ended, the entire auditorium burst into fierce applause. Some of them slapped their palms red, while others had tears in their eyes .
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Seeing that everyone was so excited, the director of the management office gave them a lecture again.
"From today, this management office will be closed. Everyone is no longer a war criminal, but a citizen of New China. The big family of New China welcomes you to join!"
At this time, this war criminal management office is lively and warm.
Among these war criminals, 13 actually did not meet the amnesty requirements, but Chairman Mao still released them.
Why is this? What about their lives after these war criminals were released?
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successively released war criminals
At the beginning of the founding of New China, it was the time when everything was in trouble. Economic construction could not keep up with the pace of other countries, people's material life has not been guaranteed, and the national security problem has not been solved.
One wave has not yet subsided and one wave has started again. When the country is hurrying up to build, " Korean War " broke out again. , and the country has to devote its energy to fighting, which has made some historical problems unable to be solved in a timely manner.
For example, how should war criminals be dealt with during war? It’s not a big deal to keep them all the time.
But there is no way, things must be prioritized. 's follow-up solution for prisoners of war was not put on the agenda until the mid-1950s.
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1956, Chairman Mao gave clear instructions on this issue.
"Now the people's lives are basically in a stable state. After solving the people's material problems, we must solve the people's spiritual problems."
"Our party has always used education as the main means to influence all war criminals, so if you can not kill them, you should not kill them. For subsequent solutions to war criminals, you must pay attention to their influence on the country, society and public opinion."
Chairman Mao's instructions set a good start for the proposal of the amnesty plan. Therefore, the later amnesty plan of is implemented in accordance with Chairman Mao's instructions.
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Since 1959, the Communist Party has begun to work on amnesty war criminals. There are about 30 of the first batch of amnesty war criminals, of which 30 are from the Kuomintang, and the rest are from the Northeast puppet Manchukuo.
The most representative of these are the senior Kuomintang generals Du Yuming and the last emperor Puyi . They were surprised by the news that they could be released and were very satisfied with the work arranged by Chairman Mao.
Later, under the care of the Communist Party, Du Yuming spent the rest of his life on the great cause of national unification, and even wrote it into the will , hoping that his descendants could inherit his mantle and build a bridge of friendly exchanges between Taiwan and the mainland.
, and Puyi was later appointed as CPPCC member and , a librarian of the Museum of Literature and History, continuing to write the history of New China, helping New China record the past and look forward to the future.
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Since the first batch of war criminals were pardoned, most countries and the Kuomintang in Taiwan were very surprised. Some admire the Communist Party's spirit and mind, while others judge the gentleman by the heart of a villain, and think that Chairman Mao is uneasy and kind-hearted.
But no matter what the opinions are at home and abroad, the Communist Party continued the plan to pardon war criminals. started in 1959, and in the next seven years, a total of 6 batches of war criminals were pardoned.
and, , the Communist Party did not let them go and ignored them, but arranged appropriate jobs and residences for them so that they could live well in the New China.
However, something happened in New China later. The plan to pardon war criminals was to make way for other important policies, so it had to stagnate and it was not implemented again in 1974.
Hua Guofeng
So, when the amnesty is re-implemented, has Chairman Mao made any changes to this plan? What was the mental journey of the war criminals who were later pardoned?
is soft and anti-hard
In December 1974, Chairman Mao re-mentioned the question of "How to solve war criminals?" At this time, he still advocated continuing to use the amnesty plan .
So how to use it? Chairman Mao’s instructions were like this.
"Now, there are still a group of war criminals who have surrendered for more than 20 years. They are old, let them come out, there is no need to restrict their freedom anymore."
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According to Chairman Mao's instructions, the then Chairman of the Central Military Commission Hua Guofeng held a relevant meeting, and ordered his subordinates to draft a list of amnesty for war criminals as soon as possible.
In the final list, there were 293 people in , of which 13 were that did not meet the amnesty standards. However, they met the conditions for to "suburn for more than 20 years" , so they were able to appear on the list.
These 13 people are really a group of "thorns". They do not accept the Communist Party's education and gentle policies at all. They think they have no mistakes at all. They can end up today because they are not born at the right time and have bad luck.
Not only do they not accept the Communist Party’s policies, they also often make trouble when the Communist Party is conducting daily ideological education, instigating other war criminals to resist the Communist Party’s education, and scolding the Communist Party as a “communist bandit.”
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At the beginning, they had some "followers" , which caused a lot of trouble to the Communist Party's ideological education work. However, over time, the "followers" can naturally see clearly who are good and who are bad.
plus the first batch of amnesty war criminals Du Yuming's advice, in the end no one listened to them.
So they were very depressed and didn't know why they lost again. In fact, some of them had already believed in the Communist Party, but they were still stubborn and refused to bow their heads.
Therefore, and they were all listed by Hua Guofeng as 13 people who were not suitable for release, and handed over to Chairman Mao together with the final drafted list.
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Chairman Mao took the list and looked at it, and laughed.
"Since others are unwilling to accept the transformation, our Communist Party will never force it, let it go."
"After letting them out, remember to do a good job of follow-up work, and not let them feel abandoned by the New China. If they want to go back to Taiwan, then give one another 100 yuan to travel expenses and don't stop them."
"In the end, we have to make a big meal for them. After all, it has been locked up for more than 20 years, so we should enjoy it."
Hua Guofeng listened to Chairman Mao's words, and was surprised and deeply admired Chairman Mao's broad mind . Finally, he even wrote it into his diary.
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"Chairman Mao is worthy of being the chairman who leads us to victory. His spirit and mind are not comparable to that of everyone."
So, how did these amnesty war criminals live later?
immediately knew
On March 19, 1975, all war criminals were announced to be released. There is no doubt that They were excited inside, shouting "Long live the Communist Party" and "Long live Chairman Mao" .
The next night, and they had the "last dinner" together. Chairman Mao prepared very hearty dishes for them, and everyone had a very happy meal, including the 13 "thorns".
Huang Wei
Later, someone recorded this exciting moment in his memoir.
"On the evening of the 20th, everyone was very happy and hugged and toasted like comrades or relatives. Among them, Huang Wei was the most excited. He looked for people to toast everywhere, his face was flushed, and even the director was drunk by him."
Huang Wei , which appeared in the memoir of memoir, can be described as "the thorn among the thorns."
The impression Huang Wei left on everyone is very special. He is both a tough-minded person and a person who likes to instigate others. When walking, he always likes to hold his belly up, like a boss.
Huang Wei
Due to work style issues, everyone thinks that Huang Wei is not on the list of amnesty this time, but they did not expect that Chairman Mao would "play according to common sense" and directly pardon them all.
So Huang Wei was very moved by this. He also took the initiative to write a thank you letter on behalf of all the amnesty war criminals, and read it out when everyone was having dinner together to thank Chairman Mao for his magnanimity, which also made everyone look at him with admiration.
So, what status did Huang Wei have before he became a pardoned war criminal? Why did he dare to openly challenge the Communist Party?
Opening Huang Wei's life experience, we will find that he does have the capital of pride.
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Because, he is a student of the first phase of Whampoa Military Academy .
As we all know, the quality of students in the first phase of the Whampoa Military Academy is very high. It is not an exaggeration to say that they "can bring writing to the world with their writing, and can use martial arts to determine the world" .
and Huang Wei is one of the best among them. After graduating with excellent grades, he entered the "five aces" of the National Army. Later, he was promoted to the commander of the army because of his outstanding abilities.
From this we can see that Huang Wei's military career is still very smooth.
Chairman Mao
So, when Huang Wei was captured by the Communist Party in " Huaihai Battle ", he had thought about committing suicide many times, but in the end he failed to commit suicide, but instead became a war criminal .
Finally, Huang Wei became the "thorn" among war criminals, causing trouble for the Communist Party every day.
So, how did Huang Wei cause trouble for the Communist Party?
For example, wants to make a thought report today, but he doesn't do . He doesn't do it himself and doesn't let others do it. When he sees others writing, he wants to tear up other people's paper.
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Today I will go on stage to report my personal reflection results, but it would be fine if he didn't come on stage, and he also looked at the people who came on stage to report .
In short, his various behaviors have caused a headache for the managers.
But even if there is a headache, the managers did not force Huang Wei, but continued to influence him from their thoughts and daily life to let him understand the goodness of the Communist Party.
Because Huang Wei has been fighting abroad all year round, it will inevitably leave some sequelae . In addition, he is old and the disease will inevitably come to him.
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When the transformation was made, Huang Wei either had a back pain today, leg pain tomorrow, , either a headache in the morning, or insomnia at night. These sequelae and diseases turned the originally energetic army commander into a haggard old man.
But the medical staff did not ignore Huang Wei. They not only helped him treat him, but also treated him . With the careful care of the medical staff, his body gradually improved and he suffered a lot less often.
Only then did Huang Wei realize the goodness of the Communist Party, so he changed his attitude and began to accept the transformation of the Communist Party.
After Huang Wei was pardoned, he also became a member of the Cultural and Historical Commissioner and a member of the CPPCC . Like Du Yuming, he has been contributing to the reunification of the motherland throughout his life.
The first batch of amnesty criminals
As we mentioned earlier, Chairman Mao allowed the amnesty war criminals to return to Taiwan , so more than a dozen of them applied to go to Taiwan to reunite with their relatives.
After learning about their needs, Chairman Mao did what he said, not only gave them one trip fee, but also took the initiative to contact Taiwan to send someone to pick them up .
Among the dozen people, some of them were , Jiang Jingguo's subordinates, and some were , Chiang Kai-shek's right-hand man, , , . They thought Chiang Kai-shek would welcome them back very much.
But what they were waiting for was Chiang Kai-shek's news that they refused to return to Taiwan , and the reason was.
The first batch of pardons
"Our party has reason to suspect that these people are spies to be placed in Taiwan by the Communist Party. For the sake of the safety of the people, our party rejects everyone's application."
But they do not believe in evil and think that Chiang Kai-shek misunderstood them, so They applied to Taiwan's "Mainland Working Committee" .
and the committee responded to their application.
"It is okay to go back to the island, but what should I do if my personal subsequent development is going to Taiwan to visit relatives? What should I do if my relatives in the mainland focus is on the mainland?"
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These questions cannot be answered, so this situation seems very embarrassing. They couldn't go back to Taiwan, and they refused the work arranged by the Communist Party for them. Now they couldn't even stay in the mainland.
So, these people can only choose to go to Hong Kong or go abroad.
Finally, Some people committed suicide because of excessive pressure. When they saw someone die, Chiang Kai-shek didn't take it seriously, and still refused to give up. They kept throwing dirty water on those people.
And we can see from this incident the difference between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang.
Du Yuming
The Communist Party has always been open-minded and honest in doing things. If you say you give the travel fee, you will give the travel fee. If you say you are allowed to go back to Taiwan, you will immediately help them apply to Taiwan.
And what about the Kuomintang? They not only rejected the request of these people, but also bit back, saying that the Communist Party was uneasy and urged the person to death, which shows how petty the Kuomintang was.
Therefore, many people are not ashamed of Chiang Kai-shek's behavior and praised Chairman Mao's broad mind. It is clear who loses and who wins.
Some people have questioned Chairman Mao’s plan to pardon war criminals . They believe that if these Kuomintang generals were released, wouldn’t it give Chiang Kai-shek a chance to counterattack?
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However, they did not see Chiang Kai-shek's villain heart . Chairman Mao had fought with Chiang Kai-shek for so many years, and he had known what kind of person Chiang Kai-shek was.
As long as it is given by the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek dared not accept , for fear of "poisoning" himself to death, but the Communist Party is different. The Communist Party will not only accept it with a smile, but also hopes to receive more.
Because, the Communist Party has always believed in one truth.
"There is no war that cannot be won, no mountain that cannot be conquered, no people that cannot be transformed."
And this is also the reason why the Communist Party is so powerful,
