Chairman Mao is not only a great politician and revolutionary in modern Chinese history, but also a great thinker and poet . The Chairman's poems are magnificent and elegant, leaving behind many popular poems and works for our descendants. During the Long March , the Chairman's "Three Songs of Sixteen-character Small Orders·Mountain" is the Chairman's outstanding masterpiece.
Whenever later generations read the Chairman's "Three Songs of Sixteen-character Small Orders·Mountain", they can't help but sigh at the Chairman's profound literary heritage: This song Small Order uses three different angles to fully demonstrate the beautiful scenery of the famous mountains and rivers of the motherland and the revolutionary spirit of the Red Army on the Long March.
(Poet Chairman Mao)
But what is little known is that , the poem "Sixteen-character Xiaoling·Shan", which is known as the "Eternal Strange Poem", has only 48 short words. The Chairman wrote these 48 words for a full 2 years, and almost ran through the entire Long March.
So, how did Chairman Mao, a poet of a generation, write this eternal poem? What kind of life is Chairman Mao experiencing when he was writing this poem?
Today, this episode will tell you about: The great poet - Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao’s life, loves poetry and essays. When he was a teenager, Chairman Mao studied in a private school in his hometown, studied , Four Books and Five Classics , and also read Chinese classical works such as "The Red Mansion" and "Water Margin". In 1911, Chairman Mao bid farewell to his hometown and went to Changsha to study. On his farewell, he left behind a poem from his early life:
"A man is determined to leave his hometown and will not return until he becomes famous. Why do you need to bury his bones? Where is the green mountains in life?"
This is a poem written by Chairman Mao to his father, expressing his determination to go out of his hometown, increase his knowledge in the outside world, and study hard. One of the sentences "Where is no green mountains in life" not only expresses the young Chairman Mao's ambition to make achievements, but also makes this poem the earliest poem in Chairman Mao's life to mention the scene of "mountain".
919, Chairman Mao went to Beijing to study in , the center of the May Fourth Movement. Here, Chairman Mao came into contact with Marxism and gradually embarked on the path of revolution. In 1924, the National Revolution broke out, and the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began. Chairman Mao, a Communist Party member, returned to his hometown Changsha to develop the peasant movement here. 925, Chairman Mao appeared on Orange Island , leaving behind a poem that later generations enjoyed relish, that is "Qinyuanchun·Changsha".
In this poem "Qinyuanchun·Changsha", Chairman Mao also wrote about the scene of "mountain", in which the poem about the mountains is "Tell the country, inspire words, and dirt in the past ten thousand households" . A group of patriotic young men with great enthusiasm were expressed vividly on paper by a poem by Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao’s life seems to have formed an indissoluble bond with the “mountain”. On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, arrested and massacred the left-wing Kuomintang and Communist Party members, and the National Revolution failed. In September of the same year, Chairman Mao led farmers on the border of Hunan and Jiangxi to launch the autumn harvest Uprising. After the failure of the uprising, Chairman Mao led the Red Army of Workers and Peasants to climb to Jinggangshan , opening up the first rural revolutionary base in Chinese history.
(Chairman Mao in Jinggangshan)
On Jinggangshan Revolutionary Base , Chairman Mao led Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army , and fought an arduous struggle. Chairman Mao experienced both the joy of victory and the setbacks of life during this period, which further baptized the soul of this great Chinese poet and revolutionary. In the spring of 1929, Chairman Mao and Chen Yi led their troops out of Jinggangshan. In the face of five consecutive battles with the Kuomintang army, they all failed, deployed ambushes in Dabai and attacked the Kuomintang army, achieving an unprecedented victory.
1933, Chairman Mao once again experienced the trough of his life and was transferred to Dabaidi to engage in research work.When passing through the ancient battlefield, he couldn't help but recall the time he fought side by side with Chen Yi in command of the Red Army, so he left behind a song " Bodhisattva Man·Dabaidi ":
In this poem, Chairman Mao once wrote about the scene of "mountain" twice:
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple, who holds the color to practice dancing in the sky. After the rain, the setting sun returned, and the mountains were covered with darkness.
The fierce battle back then was urgent, and the village wall in front of the bullet hole. Decorate this mountain, and it will look better today.
This poem not only expresses Chairman Mao’s remembrance of the years of fighting on the battlefield in the past, but also contains his optimistic attitude towards life and indomitable revolutionary spirit.
(Chairman Mao climbed the mountain)
In 1934, Chiang Kai-shek assembled a million troops to carry out the "fifth encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area of Ruijin, Jiangxi. Influenced by improper command and the strong and weak enemy, the Red Army's fifth anti-encirclement and suppression was declared defeated and was forced to carry out the Long March. This once again proves the correctness of Chairman Mao’s military line.
During the Long March, Chairman Mao commanded the Red Army troops, overcame all kinds of difficulties and dangers, and traveled through mountains and rivers. In 1935, he finally led the Central Red Army to successfully arrive at the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi, and since then he opened a new chapter of revolution. On the 25,000-mile Long March, Chairman Mao led the Red Army and crossed the eighteen mountains, including Wuyi Mountain, Wuling Mountain, Wumeng Mountain, , etc., among which there are countless small mountain bags. Therefore, during this period, Chairman Mao’s poems about “mountain” were also indispensable.
And Chairman Mao’s representative work during this period is "Three Songs of Sixteen-character Small Orders·Shan". This small ling uses three pieces to describe the mountains and rivers on the Long March, but what is amazing is that each piece of the small ling uses different angles when describing the mountains.
Below is the original text of "Three Sentences of Sixteen-character Small Orders·Mountain":
Mountain, the fast horse is whipping yet without falling from the saddle. Looking back in shock, three feet away from the sky.
Mountains, the seas are turning over and the rivers are rolling huge waves. The gallops are fast, and the battle between thousands of horses is still in full swing.
mountain, piercing the blue sky and not breaking. The heaven wants to fall, and it depends on it.
("Sixteen-character Little Order Three Songs·Mountain")
Mountain, the fast horse whips without getting out of the saddle. Looking back in shock, three feet away from the sky.
Mountains, the seas are turning over and the rivers are rolling huge waves. The gallops are fast, and the battle between thousands of horses is still in full swing.
mountain, piercing the blue sky and not breaking. The heaven wants to fall, and it depends on it. The first film of
Xiaoling uses a perspective of surrounding view to describe the tall and steep mountains. In 1957, when Chairman Mao read the poems he had written, he made annotations for his poem "Xiao Ling". Among them, Chairman Mao’s comment on Xiao Ling’s first piece reads:
"There is Skeleton Mountain above and Babao Mountain below. It is three feet three away from the sky. People should bow their heads and horses should fall down their saddles."
(Chairman Mao moved to northern Shaanxi)
Here, Chairman Mao mainly used exaggerated techniques to write about the steepness of the mountain. praised the mountain as only "three feet three" away from the sky, and used heroic writing to portray the tall and majestic mountains and rivers.
However, if we put ourselves in our shoes, experience the Long March from the perspective of the Red Army, and cross the mountains, we may find that Chairman Mao’s writing style may also be very real - the first mountain that the Central Red Army crossed was Laojie Mountain, with an altitude of 2,100 meters, and the overall mountain range is S-shaped. According to the "History of the Red Army's Long March" by the Party Central Committee, many of the wounded soldiers fell off the cliff because of a mistake and died heroically. When we arrived at the Sichuan-Shaanxi area, which was known as the "difficulty in Shu Road", the Red Army even crossed the Yaksha Mountain, which was at an altitude of 4,800 meters.
(Red Army Long March Mountain climbing)
And the second film of Xiaoling uses a comparable method to look at the mountain from a downward perspective: the mountain is compared to the rushing waves and the galloping troops. A high mountain like cannot help but be majestic and steep, and it also integrates the heroic momentum of the Red Army galloping on the battlefield.
And on the road to the Long March of the Red Army, it is very common for the Red Army to fight for passes and highlands on the mountains.For example, in the Battle of Loushanguan in in February 1935, the Red Army rushed to the Guizhou Army with lightning speed and lightning speed, annihilated more than 600 enemy troops, and opened the life channel for the Red Army to break through the Wujiang natural danger . This was also the first major victory that the Red Army fought since the Long March. Chairman Mao also left a poem to commemorate it, called "Remembering Qin'e·Loushanguan", which is also a poem about mountains. The third film of
uses a look up angle and exaggerated techniques to describe the height of the mountain. In the third piece of the words, the mountain is so tall that it seems to be about to break the sky. The Red Army's forward team, under this crumbling sky, indirectly highlighted the heroic spirit of the Red Army on the Long March.
Chairman Mao used three different angles to write about the mountains, looking around, looking down, and looking up. However, there was no repetitive scenery in the middle of , giving people a sense of redundancy, and cleverly used various rhetorical techniques such as exaggeration and comparison, which was really amazing.
(Chairman Mao)
What is even more amazing is that it took Chairman Mao two years to write , a small poem with only 48 sentences. It can be said that it runs through the Long March. Isn’t this little dict a microcosm of the Red Army’s Long March?
After the founding of New China, the famous writer and scientist Guo Moruo once highly praised Chairman Mao’s small order: "The Chairman’s " Sixteen-character order Three Poems " is majestic and imposing. The first one is the opposite of man and mountain, the second one is the sympathy of man and mountain, and the third one is the same as the mountain that transforms the sky and the mountain, and it also vividly illustrates the height, momentum and steepness of the mountain."
(Chairman Mao and Guo Moruo)
After the Red Army successfully reached the revolutionary base in northern Shaanxi in 1936, Mao The Chairman was very excited and wrote another work that was passed down from generation to generation: " Qinyuanchun·Snow ". This poem also describes the image of the mountains, integrating the snow scene with the mountain scenery, such as:
"The mountain dances in silver snakes, and the original wax figures are galloping. I want to compare with the heaven. I must try to compare with the sunny day, and I look at the red makeup and plain makeup, which is particularly enchanting."
Chairman Mao once again expressed his aspirations in the poem, "I want to compare with the heaven" is not only the towering and vast mountain peaks on the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, but also the unyielding and revolutionary enthusiasm of the Chinese Workers and Peasants.
What is even more praised by later generations is this poem in "Qinyuanchun·Snow":
"Treasures the Qin Emperor and Han Wu, and loses the literary talent; Tang Zong Song Zu , slightly inferior to the charm. Genghis Khan, a genius of a generation, only knows how to bending his bow and shooting eagles. All of them are gone, and counting romantic figures, and still look at the present day."
(Qinyuanchun·Snow)
This poem not only expresses Chairman Mao's arrogance to past emperors and generals, but also contains his appreciation and praise for the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and his optimistic attitude towards the prospects of the Chinese revolution.
1945, Chairman Mao went to to negotiate at . The Chairman's song "Qinyuanchun·Snow" spread like wildfire and became a work that local literati circulated. The royal literati Chen Bulei , who saw Chairman Mao’s "Qinyuanchun·Snow" written by Chairman Mao, couldn’t help but sigh: "It is majestic and enchanting, and it can be called a world-class masterpiece."
However, Chairman Mao’s poem attracted Chiang Kai-shek’s jealousy. He locked himself in the house, trying to imitate Chairman Mao's writing, and wrote such a verse that was so arrogant that he could not write a word after a long time. So he called Chen Bulei and others to come and let them "grit" and write a poem for himself that could compete with Chairman Mao.
These literati looked at each other because in their opinion: it is almost impossible to surpass Chairman Mao’s poem. In the end, the group of people thought hard and racked their brains, but did not write a poem that could surpass Chairman Mao in terms of momentum.
However, whenever someone praises Chairman Mao’s poems for being well-written and being a well-deserved modern poet in China, Chairman Mao always waves his hand modestly, believing that poetry is just his "interests and hobbies" and is not enough to become a big shot.According to the secretary of Chairman Mao, Link, every time Chairman Mao wrote a poem, he would sometimes throw some of the manuscripts into the wastebasket. was later preserved after being sorted by the secretary, including the magnificent "The People's Liberation Army Occupy Nanjing (Storm of Storms and Rain in Zhongshan)" during the War of Liberation.
From the founding of New China to the death of Chairman Mao, the Chairman donated most of the royalties for his poetry and collections to the country and the people to help those poor people . Poets, revolutionaries and politicians, any single professional identity may be difficult to make a comprehensive summary of Chairman Mao’s life, but it is certain that Chairman Mao is the spirit and symbol of a Chinese era and the hope of the world’s proletarian people. Whether it is his poems or contributions, they are destined to be an indelible mark in history.
