During the Anti-Japanese War, our party, as the battlefield behind enemy lines on the Anti-Japanese battlefield, annihilated the enemy with guerrilla warfare , and also made its name for guerrilla warfare.
However, when Chairman Mao first determined the policy of guerrilla warfare, it was not unanimously recognized by the Party Central Committee.
Even in terms of combat strategies, Lin Biao insisted on adopting mobile warfare, which made the Chairman so angry that he threw the tea cup.
Why did the policy of guerrilla warfare cause such great controversy? What happened between Chairman Mao and Lin Biao?
1. The policy of guerrilla warfare caused controversy
937, in the early days of the outbreak of the full-scale anti-Japanese war, our army had no advantage in the attack of the Japanese invaders.
At that time, the Kuomintang army was defeated by the Japanese army on the front battlefield. The Kuomintang with excellent equipment was still like this. How should the Communist Party deal with the aggressive Japanese army?
This form of war prompted the Communist army to make certain strategic arrangements on the battlefield behind enemy lines.
Faced with such a situation, Chairman Mao began to go through historical classics all day long, searching for chapters related to war, and looking for breakthroughs.
The chairman doesn’t think about food all day, and sometimes he doesn’t sleep for two days and two nights, which makes the guards around the chairman worry.
Finally, 5 days later, the chairman ordered the guards to call Peng Dehuai, Zhu De, Lin Biao and others into his room, and initially put forward his combat ideas.
Chairman Mao sat on a rattan chair in the room, smoking and said:
"I have been thinking for a few days, reading a lot of books, and finally, based on our current situation, I think it should be like Long March , and we should 'mobilize the masses and fight guerrilla warfare'."
Peng Dehuai and Zhu De both agreed to Chairman Mao's strategic plan, but Lin Biao held a face.
After a while, Lin Biao said: "I do not agree with the strategy of fighting guerrilla warfare. We should fight big battles, lure the enemy into depth, and eliminate the roots. This can also boost the morale of our army."
Peng Dehuai and Zhu De looked at each other. Chairman Mao said seriously after hearing Lin Biao's words:
"Lin Biao, fighting mobile warfare is very risky, our armed forces are very weak themselves. This is a protracted war. We cannot lose our troops by relying on big battles."
Lin Biao saw that he could not convince the Chairman and never argued much, so he returned to his usual taciturn expression.
Chairman Mao's conversation was closely aroused some opinions within a small group, and since then he prepared to publicize the combat strategies of "guerrilla warfare" in the Eighth Route Army on a large scale.
Chairman Mao did not agree with Lin Biao's opinion. The morale of the army is very important, but it is even more important to preserve troops and fight a protracted war!
Therefore, on August 22, 1937, Chairman Mao rushed to the Luochuan area in northern Shaanxi and held the famous Luochuan Conference . At the
meeting, 22 people attended the meeting, including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Bogu , Zhu De, Zhang Guotao, Ren Bishi, Peng Dehuai, etc., and Zhang Wentian presided over the meeting.
, and Chairman Mao formally proposed the policy of fighting guerrilla warfare at this meeting. At the
meeting, many comrades expressed different opinions.
There are indeed many confusions about guerrilla warfare. Red Army fought guerrilla during the period, and the Anti-Japanese War also fought guerrilla warfare. The two wars have different natures and different combat targets. Why use the same strategic policy?
Just as everyone put forward different opinions on Chairman Mao’s proposal, Chairman Mao stood up and said: "We cannot underestimate the Japanese army. It is definitely not possible to fight hard. We cannot completely destroy our family's assets at once."
Lin Biao stood up and opposed:
"I'm afraid that the family's assets have not been fully covered, and the morale of the army has been wiped out by the guerrilla warfare that hides from Tibet. Everyone joins the army to fight to fight a big battle in a grand manner. The tactics of guerrilla warfare will definitely cause dissatisfaction for them."
Looking at the two of them in dispute, Zhu De stood up and calmed the atmosphere and said: "If you don't fight a big war, what do the Kuomintang say? Will the people have any objections? "
And Zhu De's words came to the point, which is also the question that Chairman Mao was most worried about.
But if we put aside the misunderstandings of the Kuomintang and the people, as long as this battle can be won, what losses will be?
The meeting lasted for more than 3 hours, and everyone had many doubts about the strategic policy of "guerrilla warfare".
Peng Dehuai later recalled the meeting:
"Initially, many comrades in the organization did not have a clear understanding of guerrilla warfare, and had many questions about the policy proposed by Chairman Mao. "
Although there were still a lot of controversy in this meeting, the policy of "guerrilla warfare" was implemented.
Peng Dehuai
However, just after Chairman Mao returned to Yan'an , he did deeply understand the taste of "will be outside, and the king's orders are not accepted".
2. Lin Biao insisted on fighting mobile warfare
We all know that Lin Biao was initially dissatisfied with "guerrilla warfare".
However, the military orders are as high as a mountain, and the policies that have been implemented should also be abide by.
However, Lin Biao violated Chairman Mao's military order.
In September, , Chairman Mao, who was far away in Yan'an, has always been worried about the implementation of the strategic policy of "guerrilla warfare". Since returning to Yan'an, he has sent five telegrams to remind each department.
, and Zhu De and Peng Dehuai also understood Chairman Mao's intention and specially replied: "Mobilize the masses and carry out guerrilla warfare widely. "So let the chairman rest assured.
However, Lin Biao has not replied since he received the telegram. He has been thinking about how to fight beautiful wars and big wars.
September 21 , the 21st Japanese brigade attacked the Pingxingguan area, hoping to break the defense line of Pingxingguan, join the Japanese army in the north, and conduct a centralized encirclement of Taiyuan, Shanxi.
At that time, Yan Xishan defended the defense line in the second war zone and entered a stalemate with the 21st Japanese brigade.
In a critical moment, Yan Xishan called Zhu De and asked the Eighth Route Army to cooperate in combat.
On September 25, , Lin Biao and Nie Rongzhen received an order to lead the 15 Division to advance into the Pingxingguan area.
After Lin Biao arrived at Pingxingguan, he first went to Pingxingguan to observe the terrain and terrain. He had visited the battlefield on the front line of Pingxingguan three times to investigate the terrain and terrain.
finally decided to lead the 115th Division to attack the enemy at the ambush position scheduled by Pingxingguan.
When reporting to the headquarters of the Eighth Route Army, Lin Biao called: "344 Brigade and the division concentration camp, when the enemy was preparing to attack the friendly positions of Pingxingguan, our army took the opportunity to attack the enemy's left side and annihilate part of the enemy. "
Chairman Mao's face turned cold when he heard this and cursed: "This Lin Biao is still thinking about fighting a big battle. He just wants to show himself, make great contributions, and be an anti-Japanese hero! "
and said, slapped the table with a palm. The guard had just poured the tea cup for Chairman Mao. Chairman overturned it to the ground.
Stills
Have seen this, the personal guard hurriedly picked up the tea cup fragments on the ground and muttered: "Chairman, please calm your breath, calm your breath..."
Chairman Mao immediately asked the guard to send another telegram to Lin Biao, and said: "In the current war situation, our army will not play a decisive role! Guerrilla warfare is our specialty. "
However, the king's orders were not accepted, and Lin Biao still stubbornly wanted to adopt the tactic of ambush.
Chairman Mao had no choice but to take a compromise countermeasure in the end, and ordered Lin Biao to only transfer one brigade to ambush.
Late at night on September 25, the soldiers of the three regiments of the 115th Division all entered the predetermined ambush positions and lies in a hidden place waiting for the arrival of the enemy.
At 7 o'clock in the morning, the 21st Brigade of the Fifth Division of the Japanese Army led more than 100 military vehicles and more than 200 trucks loaded with supplies into the Qiaogou area where our army set up.
The vast team aroused the vigilance of the Eighth Route Army. Everyone was highly vigilant and waiting for the commander's order.
When the Japanese army entered the established ambush circle, the commanders and soldiers gave orders, the three regiments of the 115th Division attacked at the same time and launched an attack on the Japanese army.
The Japanese army was caught off guard when they faced the Eighth Route Army that rushed out of the mountain valley before they could react.
In the end, the battle was wiped out by the 21st Brigade of the Japanese Army, and it won a complete victory. is known in history as " Pingxingguan Victory ".
This battle can be said to be the first victory of the Eighth Route Army dispatched. It annihilated thousands of enemies, seized a large number of supplies, and fired the first shot of victory.
However, Lin Biao, who was originally proud, fell into silence after hearing the casualties.
At that time, Lin Biao expected the number of casualties to be more than 200, but according to statistics, the number of casualties in this battle reached more than 800.
Although the Pingxingguan Campaign wiped out a brigade of the Japanese army, it was also a heavy casualty for our army, and it was not a beautiful battle.
After reflection, Lin Biao finally recognized the correctness of Chairman Mao’s "guerrilla warfare" combat policy.
Although Chairman Mao was very angry about Lin Biao's proposition, Chairman Mao didn't say much because of the first victory in Pingxingguan victory.
In the subsequent battle, Lin Biao strictly implemented the Chairman's "guerrilla warfare" policy, and the two tacitly ignored the contradiction.
3, Wang Ming Returning to China and causing trouble again
Although the Pingxingguan battle achieved unprecedented victory, Taiyuan was eventually lost.
After the entire battlefield in North China, Chairman Mao officially issued a telegram on the principles and policies of "guerrilla warfare".
However, at this moment, Wang Ming, the head of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's delegation to the Communist International who had been studying in the Soviet Union, returned to the country.
Chairman Mao’s “guerrilla warfare” strategy has been questioned again.
Since Wang Ming came back from studying in the Soviet Union, he did not understand the domestic war situation and only focused on understanding the theory.
As the saying goes: "It is always shallow to know what you know on paper, and you must practice it yourself." , Wang Ming did not have practice as the basis, and made the mistake of dogmatism in the organization , and he always emphasized that guerrilla warfare cannot make a blow to the Japanese army that is damaged, and the combat method of mobile warfare should be adopted.
Wang Ming
At this time, the issue of the party's combat policy was once again in a stalemate.
Since Wang Ming represents the voice of Comintern , many people in the organization felt that it made sense after listening to Wang Ming's words.
However, this time, Lin Biao stood on Chairman Mao's side, because he knew through the Pingxingguan victory that only guerrilla warfare could minimize casualties.
In order to enable the smooth implementation of guerrilla warfare strategies, Chairman Mao has published articles such as "Strategic Issues of Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Warfare" and " on Protracted Warfare ". has made a detailed and shallow-in-depth discussion on "guerrilla warfare", hoping to gain wide recognition and understanding.
Finally, with the unremitting efforts of the Chairman, the combat policy of guerrilla warfare was recognized by the Communist International.
938 , the representative of the Communist International, Wang Jiaxiang, conveyed instructions to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China: "I affirmed Comrade Mao Zedong's guerrilla warfare and agreed to Mao Zedong as the leader of the Communist Party of China."
Therefore, Chairman Mao officially established his voice within the party and completely implemented the guerrilla warfare policy.
, and Wang Ming was also criticized by the party for making dogmatic mistakes.
In many subsequent battles, we continued to prove the correctness of Chairman Mao's guerrilla warfare policy. Our army gradually gained the advantage and opened up a wide range of enemy-behind bases to launch a painful counterattack against the Japanese army until Japan surrendered to .
Now looking back on this history, I find that Chairman Mao’s understanding of Marxism is so thorough and clear, and it is the product of closely combining theory and practice, which also laid the foundation for the proposal of “Sinicization of Marxism.”
