September 22 in history
Main events:
1: September 22, 1792— First Republic of France was established
2: September 22, 1862—US President Lincoln published " Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves "
3: September 22, 1983— Zhu Jianhua broke man jumped high world record
4: September 22, 1986 ——The UK successfully transplanted a baby boy with two and a half months in the heart and lungs
5: September 22, 1988——The " Oriental Express " that crossed Eurasian continent for the first time drove into Beijing
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September 22, 1792———The First Republic of France was founded
On 230 years ago today, on September 22, 1792 (August 7, 1792), the First Republic of France was founded.
1789 to 1794 The French Revolution is the largest and most thorough bourgeois revolution in world history. It not only overthrew the French feudal autocratic system and established the capitalist system, but also shocked the feudal system in Europe and inspired the national independence movement in Latin America. The birth of the French Republic and the establishment of the rule of the Gironde faction on September 22, 1792 were major events and important stages in this great revolution, and were also an inevitable product of the in-depth and development of the French Revolution.
In July 1789, the people of Paris captured the Bastille , which symbolized the feudal autocratic rule, which marked the beginning of the French bourgeois revolution. From then on, France began the period of constitutional monarchy rule. The constitutionalists represent the interests of the big bourgeoisie and liberal aristocracy, and attempt to establish a constitutional monarchy in France. They were extremely afraid and even hated the revolutionary movement of the people. On July 17, 1791, nearly 10,000 people gathered in Mars Square and demanded the trial of King Louis XVI who attempted to escape to Belgium and implemented the republic system. As a result, they were suppressed by the Constituent Assembly and caused a bloody incident. In September, the Constitutional Assembly also passed the Constitutional Assembly, which declared France a constitutional monarchy of . The Mars Square incident and the promulgation of the 1791 Constitution show that the constitutional monarchs have publicly compromised with feudal forces and betrayed the revolution and the people.
1789 The outbreak of the French Revolution made feudal rulers in Europe frightened. They planned to interfere in France with armed forces and suppress the French revolution. After the war against France began in April 1792, the French army retreated step by step. The French people took emergency action, and volunteers were established in various places and headed to the front line. On August 10, the people of Paris revolt again, rushed into the palace, imprisoned the king, overthrew the monarchy, and ended the three years of constitutional monarchy rule. On September 20, the French army repelled the attack of the Prussian army twice near Verdun, achieving the first victory of France against foreign armed interference. A few days later, the French army began to counterattack, eventually driving the enemy out of French territory, and the French Revolution was saved.
On September 21, the National Convention, which was produced in the national election, opened in Paris. In the National Convention, the Girondes had the dominance because they received the most votes. From then on, France began the reign of the bourgeois republican, the Girondes. The National Convention passed the "Case of Abolishing the Monarchy". On September 22, the decision to establish a republic was passed, which is known in history as the "First Republic of France". The National Convention also published the revolutionary calendar, with September 22 as the beginning of the new era and 1792 as the first year of the Republic.
After the founding of the First French Republic, the people of Paris and the bourgeois democrats strongly demanded the establishment of a court to judge the king, but the Girondes tried their best to protect and shelter the king. Later, due to the discovery of Louis XVI's documents of stolen country by stolen by Louis XVI, the National Guild tried the king. Louis XVI was sent to the guillotine on January 21, 1793. In June, the people of Paris launched another armed uprising, overthrowing the rule of the Gironde, and France began the period of bourgeois democrats - Jacobin dictatorship.
1804, Napoleon Bonaparte was elected emperor, and the First Republic of France was replaced by First Empire of France .
2
1862-US President Lincoln issued the "Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves"
On 160 years ago today, on September 22, 1862 (August 29, 1862), US President Lincoln issued the "Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves".
On September 22, 1862, Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, issued the "Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves". Marx praised this declaration as "the most important document in American history since the founding of the Federation."
North American was originally the hometown of Indians. Since Columbus discovered the "New World", Spain, Netherlands , France, Britain and others have continuously immigrated to North America and established 13 colonies here. The colonists brutally massacred the indigenous people, leaving the Indians on the verge of extinction. So, they plundered a large number of black people from Africa as slaves. These black slaves were like livestock raised by serf owners, living an inhuman life and without personal freedom. With the increase in the number of black slaves captured, the problem of black slaves has become a serious social problem in the United States.
Lincoln was born in a peasant family and sympathized with the tragic experiences of black serfs in his youth. Once, he saw a slave trader beat and insulting black slaves in public, and he whispered to his companions: "When one day I have the opportunity to fight this system, I will definitely defeat it completely." After entering politics in 1834, he made many speeches on the liberation of black people, especially when he ran for vice president in 1856, and made it clear: "We will fight for freedom and abolish slavery." Lincoln's claim to liberate black slaves was strongly opposed by serf owners in the southern United States, but it was in line with the interests of the bourgeoisie in the northern United States. They needed to freely recruit cheap labor. With the support of the northern bourgeoisie, Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States in 1860. The Southern Plantation slave owners formed the Confederacy in February 1861. On April 12, an attack was launched to the north. The American Civil War began. Due to the inadequate preparations of the Northern bourgeois Lincoln government, the north suffered a defeat in the early stages of the Civil War and Washington almost lost. Driven by the people, Lincoln took revolutionary measures in 1862. The most powerful measure was to sign the Declaration on the Liberation of Black Slaves, which stipulated that from January 1, 1863, black slaves in southern states would "be free forever" and "can join the United States Army." These measures stimulated the revolutionary enthusiasm of the general public, especially blacks. Soon, 500,000 to 750,000 workers joined the army. 500,000 blacks fled the plantation in the south and carried out extensive guerrilla warfare in the rear of the enemy. It restrained the 100,000 troops of the slave owners and put the south on the verge of economic collapse. As a result, the war situation took a sharp turn. On April 3, 1865, the southern capital Richmond was captured by the Northern Army. The four-year Civil War ended with a complete victory in the north.
3
September 22, 1983 - Zhu Jianhua broke the world record for men's high jump with 2.38 meters
39 years ago today, on September 22, 1983 (August 16, 1983), Zhu Jianhua broke the world record for men's high jump with 2.38 meters.
On the afternoon of September 22, 1983, the stands of Hongkou Stadium were crowded with tens of thousands of people, and people were focusing on the northwest corner of the venue. The men's high jump final will be held here. As soon as Zhu Jianhua appeared on the track and field field, the audience in the stands around cheered, which was paying tribute to Zhu Jianhua and expressing new and greater expectations to him.
clock pointed to 5:15, and the crossbar rose to a new world record height of 2.38 meters. The Hongkou Stadium was full of spectators, and 30,000 pairs of eyes were staring at the crossbar anxiously. Track and field competitions with a crowd of spectators are rare in China. The reason for this grand occasion is that Zhu Jianhua, a world-renowned high jumper, appears, is not an exaggeration to say this.
Zhu Jianhua started to jump from 2.10 meters today, 2.18 meters, 2.22 meters and 2.26 meters all jumped past. When the crossbar rose to 2.30 meters, his opponents had lost the opportunity to compete with him, but he passed the ball again. Then, he succeeded again in the second trial jump of 2.34 meters, bringing the emotions of the audience to a climax. Zhu Jianhua began to attack the new world record. During the first jump, my leg touched the crossbar. The failure of the impact did not affect Zhu Jianhua's mood. He put on his clothes, sat on the field for a moment, stood up and wiped his sweat, changed into the white green-edged vest he had been wearing during the competition, and walked to the outer end of the crimson plastic track. At this moment, the audience was silent, and people were nervously waiting for the arrival of that exciting moment.
Zhu Jianhua reached out to signal to the referee, preparing for a second try jump. Then he waved his right arm and stroked it down hard. This is his habitual movement to help him master the key points of the movements that pass the pole for the moment.
He started running. First, there were a few steps of , , followed by a lightning-like arc running, then a powerful jump, cross the pole, tighten the abdomen, raise the legs, and fall down. The crossbar shook slightly and then "nailed" on the jumping platform. Before Zhu Jianhua could stand up from the sponge bag, the audience was already in full bloom. The audience cheered and jumped with all their hearts. The civilized audience cheerleader waved the colorful flag at him, and the slogan "Congratulations to Zhu Jianhua for setting a world record for jumping high." Zhu Jianhua took the flowers that had been prepared for him long ago and thanked the audience around the scene. Hu Hongfei, who was nearly 60 years old, also came to the venue from the stands excitedly and hugged him tightly. Zhu Jianhua dedicated the flowers to the world champion cultivator. Then, Zhu Jianhua's father couldn't help but feel excited and hugged his son tightly.
This is the afternoon of September 22, only 3 months and 11 days apart from his last breaking the world record, which is rare in the history of men's high jumps in the world. His exciting beat was a powerful answer to all his challengers, an excellent answer to the eager expectations of the people of the whole country, and the most satisfying answer to the 30,000 enthusiastic audience of Hongkou Stadium.
4
September 22, 1986 - The UK successfully transplanted a baby boy with two and a half months and a baby boy with heart and lungs
36 years ago today, on September 22, 1986 (August 19, 1986), the UK successfully transplanted a baby boy with two and a half months and a baby boy with heart and lungs.
On September 22, 1986, a surgeon at Harefield Hospital in London transplanted a new heart and lung to a baby boy who was only two and a half months old.
This baby boy was in good condition after the operation. He is the smallest patient in the world to undergo this kind of surgery.
This baby's heart has some problems as soon as he is born, including the lack of a heart valve. The organs he received were obtained from a baby boy who was only five days old.
5
September 22, 1988——The "Oriental Express" that crossed the Eurasian continent for the first time entered Beijing
34 years ago today, on September 22, 1988 (August 12, 1988), the "Oriental Express" that crossed the Eurasian continent for the first time entered Beijing.
This "Oriental Express" set off from Paris, France on September 7, passing through Federal Germany, Democratic Germany, Poland , the Soviet Union and China, and finally arrived at Japan by a giant ship carrying a ship across the sea. This trip was the farthest roaming of the "Oriental Express" since its launch in the 19th century.
The sixty-one passengers on this luxury train come from seven countries including the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan, Canada, Switzerland , and so on.
To enjoy this legendary travel life, each passenger will spend $20,000.
"Oriental Express" stayed in Beijing for two days, and then headed south to Shenzhen.
