The starting point for the regular construction of the People's Army - Xinquan Training
□Huangshuilin
1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led Red Fourth Army to Xinquan three times, carried out the famous "Xinquan Training", and wrote an important chapter in the red history.
In the Xinquan area, bright red flags on both sides of the road are flying in the wind, leading people to Wangyuncao Room, workers, peasants and women's night school, The former site of the Red Fourth Army Command, and other revolutionary sites and red ruins. All of these red cultural relics remember the glorious history of the "New Spring Training" of the Red Fourth Army, carrying the hard years of that year, and are worthy of our careful reading.
New Spring Training and Forging Military Soul
New Spring faces water three times, and looks like a green island with jade beads in the distance. It is located at the southern end of in Liancheng County, and is a transportation hub connecting Changting , Shanghang and Longyan City. Its strategic position is very important.
According to the staff of the Red Fourth Army's New Quan Training Memorial Hall, on May 21, 1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the Red Fourth Army to Xinquan from Tufang, Changting, for the first time, and held a mass meeting under the big banyan tree by the Liannan River in Beicun. Mao Zedong gave a enthusiastic speech, calling on the working people to unite to defeat the local tyrants, divide the land, and establish armed forces and peasants to make revolution.
On June 10 of the same year, after the Red Fourth Army occupied Longyan City and annihilated a regiment of Zhong Mingqing in one fell swoop in Baisha, Shanghang, Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the Red Fourth Army to Xinquan from Shanghang Jiu County for the second time to conduct a week's rest. During this period, the Red Fourth Army held a meeting in Zhushanbei, Xinquan. Zhu De announced that the local armed forces in western Fujian would be combined to form the Fourth Column of the Red Fourth Army, and the Red Fourth Army team expanded from the original more than 3,600 to about 6,000.
"After the Red Fourth Army went to Jinggangshan , it created Gannan and western Fujian revolutionary base , and the team became larger and larger. Since the Red Fourth Army was still in its early stage at that time, most of its members were peasants and petty bourgeois origins, there were various non- proletarian ideas and wrong tendencies in the team, which seriously hindered the Red Fourth Army's correct implementation of the mission entrusted by the Party and the Revolution and the survival and development of the troops." Wu Lingjin, executive deputy director of the Red Fourth Army's New Quan Training Memorial Hall, introduced.
0,000 military and civilian conference platform site
On December 3 of the same year, in accordance with the central government's instructions and the spirit of "September Letters", Mao Zedong and others led the Red Fourth Army to Xinquan for the third time and carried out a ten-day political and military training to thoroughly correct the wrong ideas within the party and comprehensively improve the military quality of the troops. It is known in history as the "Xinquan Training".
According to the division of labor of the front committee, Mao Zedong and Chen Yi were mainly responsible for political training, while Zhu De was mainly responsible for military training. After the training began, Mao Zedong went deep into the grassroots to carry out various investigation meetings, and talked to cadres, soldiers and farmers, understand the ideas and existing problems of the Red Army , patiently educated the wrong ideological tendencies that arise among the soldiers, and solicited opinions on military construction. After concentrated training, the political awareness of the commanders and fighters has been continuously improved and their mental outlook has been completely renewed.
Military training is also in full swing. Zhu De gave a mobilization report to the Red Fourth Army commanders and fighters on the stage of the Military and Civilian Conference, presided over the formulation of various regulations, orders, , held training classes for grassroots military cadres and taught them in person. In order to improve the military command capabilities of cadres, cadres at all levels in the army formed several training teams, with the column commander as the captain. The captain set an example and led the soldiers to train strictly according to actual combat requirements. By carrying out military technical and tactical training throughout the army, we will improve the military quality of officers and soldiers and improve the combat effectiveness of the troops.
"Xinquan training is the starting point for the regular construction of the People's Army. It is the first large-scale and standardized training for the entire army of the Red Fourth Army. It has become the first in the institutionalization and standardization of our army's political training. At the same time, Xinquan training has made full ideological, organizational, and drafted copy for the successful convening of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army, and played a crucial role in establishing the principle of building the army with the absolute leadership of the Party over the army." Wu Lingjin introduced.
Wangyuncao Room shines brightly
Wangyuncao Room is located in Xinquan Village, the former site of the Red Fourth Army Front Committee and the Political Department of the Political Department. It is a college built during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty. It was originally a private school of the local Zhang surname. It has a depth of 15.5 meters and an area of 163 square meters. It is a small brick and wood structure bungalow with "one living room, four bedrooms, one day well".
"The red flag leaps across the Tingjiang River and goes straight to Longyan and Shanghang". In 1929, Mao Zedong and Zhu De led the Red Fourth Army to Xinquan three times, and the small Wangyun Caoshi became an important place for Mao Zedong, Zhu De and Chen Yi to live and work. Today, the old site is still well preserved, and office utensils are also displayed in their original form. There is only a square table and a few benches in the front hall, and there is only a wooden bed and a set of desks and chairs in the bedroom. You can feel the simplicity of the conditions at that time. The walls on both sides of the patio also retained the Red Army propaganda slogans of the year, such as "Down (to) Chaozhou and Guangzhou", "Iron Red Army", and "Orders Like Mountains".
Under the clay porcelain lamp, I look at the clouds and grass room shining brightly. After entering the hall, the bedroom and office of the former secretary Mao Zedong. In June and December 1929, with the faint light of this clay porcelain lamp, Mao Zedong wrote two important documents here: one is the "Letter to Lin Biao", which first embodies the principle of "ideological building of the party and political building of the army"; the other is the drafting of the "Resolution of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party", namely " Gutian Conference Resolution ".
0 The former site of the Red Fourth Army’s Front Committee and Political Department Wangyuncao Room
On June 14, in the Wangyuncao Room, Mao Zedong, who led the Red Fourth Army to enter Xinquan for rest and rest, replied to Lin Biao and published it in the third issue of the internal publication of the Red Army’s "Foreign Committee Communication". The letter summarized the debates within the Party of the Red Fourth Army into 14 aspects, systematically analyzed the root causes, harm and manifestations of the wrong ideas in the Red Fourth Army, and called on every comrade in the Party to "overcome this idea in order to completely transform the Red Army." Mao Zedong clearly proposed that to solve the non-proletarian ideas such as small groupism, bandits, decentralization, simple militarization, and extreme democratization of that exist within the Party, it is necessary to establish an "absolute party leadership" system. This is the earliest and most concentrated Marxist programmatic document in Mao Zedong's documents and party history documents to date.
At the same time, this letter is the first summary of experience on the construction of the People's Army since the founding of the Red Fourth Army, marking the initial formation of Mao Zedong's thought on building the army, and constructing an ideological and theoretical basis for the formation of the Gutian Conference Resolution half a year later. It proposed the concept of "ideological line" for the first time in the history of our party, and raised the various contradictions and struggles within the Red Fourth Army at that time to the height of world outlook and methodology for analysis and demonstration. The proposition of scientific Party building was proposed for the first time, pointing out that "the thoughts and actions of communists must always be a little more scientific." An important discussion was made on the party's organizational leadership principle, the most important thing was that the party must implement collective leadership against extreme democratization, laying the foundation for the formulation of the party's principle of democratic centralism at the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army.
During the "Xinquan Training", in order to correct various non-proletarian thoughts and wrong tendencies within the Party of the Red Fourth Army, Mao Zedong held a two-day investigation meeting of about 20 cadres at the captain of the Red Fourth Army and above, detachment party representatives and above in the small hall of Wangyun Cao Room. He discussed the problems existing in the Red Fourth Army with the participants, analyzed the causes of the problems, and sought solutions to the problems. He presided over the preparatory meeting of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party, carefully summarized the positive and negative experiences and lessons learned from the two years since the founding of the army; drafted the "Resolution of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party", and made sufficient ideological, theoretical and written preparations for the successful convening of the Gutian Conference .
Yuxigong Temple Zhenjun Wei
Located in Xinquan Village, Yuxigong Temple is an ancient ancestral temple with a rich architectural style of Hakka . It was built during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. It has a construction area of 402 square meters. It is divided into upper hall, patio, central hall, back hall, one wing room and rain floor each, with 24 columns and a bracket structure.
Revolutionary struggle ignited fire, and military training boosted military power. In June and December 1929, the Red Fourth Army was stationed here during the rest and military and political training in Xinquan. Comrade Mao Zedong and Zhu De once commanded military operations here, and dispatched military cadres to the countryside in various places to lead the people to fight against local tyrants and divide the land, ignited the raging fire of the revolution, burned all over the western Fujian , and created the revolutionary base in western Fujian.
During the Xinquan training period, according to the division of labor of the Front Committee, Zhu De was responsible for military training. He overcame various difficulties and seized the key link of training grassroots military commanders, which directly affects the combat effectiveness of the troops. He held training classes for grassroots military cadres, taught subjects such as "New Guerrilla Tactics" by example and deeds, and carried out military technical and tactical training; cadres at all levels of the army formed several training teams, with the commander of the column as the captain. The training team and soldiers practiced martial arts with guns and strictly carried out various military trainings according to actual combat requirements, effectively improving the overall military quality and combat effectiveness of the troops. This practice became one of the commonly used military training methods by the Red Army in the future.
0 The former site of the Red Fourth Army Command is Xigong Temple
At the same time, in order to strengthen the construction of the Red Army system, Zhu De presided over the formulation of various regulations, regulations and other regulations of the Red Army, strictly enforced military discipline, and gradually put the troops on the right track; trained local armed cadres to lay the foundation for the development of local armed forces and consolidate local governments.
There are two revolutionary cartoons and slogans left by the Red Army on the wall of Yuxigong Temple. The comic is very interesting. A farmer said, "Hey, you see, I'm a camel, it's so hard." It means that the landlords exploit farmers, and the farmers' lives are oppressed very hard, and even their backs are pressed down. There is also a slogan "Who is the creator of the world is only our hard worker and peasants", calling on the broad masses of people to actively participate in the revolutionary struggle, turn over and be masters, and create a new world.
Soldiers investigate the morale of the army
Through the narrow ancient streets and alleys of Xinquan Village, a quaint and small brick and wood structure appeared in front of you. This small bungalow with a depth of only 8.7 meters and an area of only 84.9 square meters, and a living room and two bedrooms is the old site of the soldier investigation meeting during the training session of Xinquan - Xinwuli.
At the investigation meeting, Mao Zedong was very tempted and held the hearts of the soldiers present together. Everyone's hearts were like river water that opened the floodgates. You said, I said, you poured out your heart's heart. Some criticized some cadres for only thinking about big cities, greedy for food, drink, and fun, regardless of the soldiers' suffering; some proposed that the practice of shooting deserters should be prohibited... Although there were accompanying cadres to record, Mao Zedong still listened carefully while quickly recording the soldiers' speeches.
Soldiers Investigation Meeting The old site of the new house
When talking about the abolition of corporal punishment, he mentioned that a deputy brigade leader named Zhang Tieming beat and scolded soldiers twice in three days. Some soldiers could not stand the beating and scolding and ran away to go home because they could not stand the beating and scolding. Mao Zedong seized these typical examples for inspiration and education. He asked everyone: Is corporal punishment good? Everyone answered unanimously: No! Mao Zedong immediately pointed out with heartfelt clarity that beating and scolding soldiers is a bad habit of the old army. Since it is not good, we must hold a campaign to abolish corporal punishment to eliminate the gap between officers and soldiers. The corporal punishment has been abolished, and the soldiers must consciously accept management and abide by discipline. Only when the officers and soldiers are united can they be invincible.
When opposing absolute egalitarianism, some soldiers suggested that the commander rode a horse during the march, and the soldiers walked unreasonably. Mao Zedong immediately patiently persuaded and educated him about this wrong ideological tendency. He pointed out that the officials had many things and heavy responsibilities, so of course they still had to ride a horse, and further pointed out that this absolute egalitarianism without asking all the reasons is wrong.
Soldiers investigate the morale of the army. Under Mao Zedong's guidance, the officers and soldiers of the Red Fourth Army gradually gained a clear understanding of various non-proletarian thoughts and consciously accepted Mao Zedong's correct thoughts. At the same time, Mao Zedong had a systematic understanding of the types, nature and roots of various non-proletarian thoughts in the army.
Farmer survey gathers people's hearts
The former site of the Farmer Survey Association located in Guanzhuang Village, Xinquan Town-Xinquan Town-Xinshan Gong Temple (also known as "Zhaoyi Gong Temple") is a brick and wood structure building with a depth of 13.9 meters and an area of 228 square meters. It has upper and lower halls, one side room on the upper hall on the left and right, and a bungalow on the top of the courtyard of the hip-top.
The ancestors of Guanzhuang live by farming, are hardworking and simple, and have the revolutionary spirit of unity and resolute resistance, resisting external humiliation, brave and unyielding, and not afraid of sacrifice. 43 people in the village have sacrificed their precious lives for the revolution and become revolutionary martyrs. During the Xinquan training period, after Mao Zedong learned about the revolutionary struggle spirit of the people of Guanzhuang, he walked 5 miles to Guanzhuang to hold a "farmers' survey meeting".
"How much land is rented in the past and how much rent is paid?" "What changes have happened to the Red Army's life after coming?"... In the Xuanshan Gong Temple, Mao Zedong and the farmers chatted with each other, chatted and laughed, unrestrained, and had a harmonious atmosphere. From the time, place, customs and customs, the quality of the year, to the situation of the agrarian revolution, the opinions of the masses on the Red Army, Mao Zedong always had a friendly tone with the peasant representatives, and made careful records while asking.
When talking about their understanding of the revolution and their opinions on the Red Fourth Army, no one took the initiative to speak out. So Mao Zedong picked up the kumquat cake on the table and said, "This sweet and fragrant kumquat cake is like the territory of our country. Now imperialism wants to divide it. Do you think we want to protect it?" The peasant representatives who attended the meeting answered in unison: "Yes!" Mao Zedong said, "Yes, we must protect it. Because this kumquat is grown by our farmers, and the kumquat cake is the common fruit of our workers and farmers' labor. However, the Kuomintang reactionaries wanted to give this kumquat cake to foreign dog robbers to divide it, so we cannot agree. Our Communist Party will mobilize the vast number of workers and farmers, and we will unite to defeat the reactionaries who sell the country and seek prosperity, and drive away the dog robbers who want to share this kumquat cake!" After hearing the simple revolutionary principles of Committee Mao, everyone expressed their support for the Communist Party's proposition and love their Red Army.
guanzhuang Farmers Investigation Association’s former site of the Shame Mountain Gong Temple
Farmers Investigation gathers the hearts of the people. By convening a peasant investigation meeting, Mao Zedong listened to the sufferings of the masses, solicited opinions on the construction of the Red Army, and investigated the implementation of discipline by the Red Army, inspired the class awareness of the peasant masses, and provided a lot of materials and basis for drafting and improving the resolutions and documents of the Ninth Congress of the Red Fourth Army Party.
Zhang Family Temple raised the red flag
The first red regime in Liancheng County was established here, and the armed riots in Liannan Thirteen Townships, which shocked the red land of western Fujian. This is the former site of the Revolutionary Committee of Liannan District - Zhang Family Temple.
Zhang's Family Temple covers an area of 540 square meters, with brick and wood structure, carved brackets and door towers, 24 columns to support brackets and quadruple-style bungalows. At present, the two corridors still have the slogan "Beat the local tyrants and divide the land, and all power belongs to the farmers' association!" written by them.
Zhang Family Temple raised the red flag, and the revolution in Liannan shook western Fujian. In mid-June 1929, after Comrade Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army to fight against the second attack on the Longyan , he entered Xinquan to rest and recuperate. He personally led the workers and peasants in Xinquan to establish the first red regime in Liancheng County - the Revolutionary Committee of Liannan District. He also organized some commanders and fighters of the Red Fourth Army to command local peasants to carry out the struggle against local tyrants and evil gentry, which inspires the revolutionary enthusiasm of the people of Xinquan and leads the armed riots of the peasants in Liannan Thirteen Townships.
Liannan District Revolutionary Committee’s former site Zhang Family Temple
Under the organization and leadership of Liannan District Revolutionary Committee, a peasant association was established in Liandaping, Lingxia, Liangkeng, Lufang, Dalongping, Zhaibeijian (including Guanzhuang), Pitou (including Wukeng), Xianping, Liankengwei, Beitouke (including Anling), Baiyuling, Rushe, and Chenwuping Shisan Township (village) in Liannan, and the peasant armed forces were united to formally establish the Liannan Thirteen Township Workers and Peasants Armed Riot Team.Since then, this joint armed force of workers and peasants has been active in the rural areas of Liannan, often causing unexpected blows to the landlords and Democratic League, dismantling the Kuomintang's rule in the southern part of Liancheng, and connecting the red areas of Ting, Hang, Yan, Lian and other counties.
illuminates the road of women's jiefang
"Get up early in the morning and do it until the sun sets..." Entering the Zhang Family Temple, the former site of the night school of workers, peasants and women in Xinquan, the "Women's Liberation Song" sang in the local dialect of night school, floated into our ears, as if we brought us back to the red years when working women in Xinquan learned culture, made revolution, and sought liberation.
The old night school site is 10.5 meters deep and has an area of 196 square meters. It has a central axis-style ancestral hall on the top of the courtyard. The horizontal plaque in the main hall is "Loyalty, Trust, Sincerity and Respect". The four big characters "Loyalty, Filial Pioneers" are engraved on the left and right walls. There is a blackboard and more than ten tables and chairs. The walls of the lower hall are also kept on the Red Army slogan "Military and Political Training, Strengthen the Young Pioneers". This place seems simple, but it was the place where countless women changed their destiny back then.
In June 1929, Mao Zedong led the Red Fourth Army to Xinquan to rest and recuperate, and conducted social investigations in depth by the masses. When he learned that most of Xinquan women were not educated and had not been liberated from feudal constraints, he instructed the head of the Soviet government of Xinquan District Zhang Ruiming , Zhang Yuwen and others to establish a night school for workers, peasants and women as soon as possible to help the women smash the feudal shackles, break through the dark cage, and achieve complete political and cultural liberation. In July of that year, the first women's school in Central Soviet Area, Xinquan Workers' Peasants' Women's Night School, officially opened, breaking the old concept of "girls not entering the school" and allowing women to come into contact with progressive ideas. After the night school was opened, it was deeply welcomed by local women, and soon it grew from the original sixteen or seventeen students to more than 100.
Xinquan Workers' and Peasants' Night School Old Site Zhangjia Temple
Night School bears fruits, and the bright lights shine on the red heart. Since then, 18 night schools have been set up in various villages in Liannan District, with more than 700 students. Women in the Central Soviet Area have received new education by learning new culture , and their lives have undergone earth-shaking changes. They devoted themselves to production, support for the front, expanding the red and armed struggle with great enthusiasm, and set off a vigorous women's liberation movement, making positive contributions to the victory of the revolution and construction and development.
In the 1970s, Xinquan Village restored the night school for workers, peasants and women, and once again organized students to learn culture, science and technology on a large scale, which changed the fate of local women. In April 1979, the Xinquan Workers, Peasants and Women's Night School was rated as "Provincial March 8th Red Flag Collective ", and in September of the same year, it was rated as "National March 8th Red Flag Collective".
The spirit is passed down under the big banyan tree
The big banyan tree by the Liannan River in Xinquanbei Village is lush with branches and leaves, and its crown is as vast as a cloud. It witnessed the war years of the Red Fourth Army entering Xinquan, and has long become a symbol of red history and has a different feeling in people's hearts.
1, 1929, the Red Fourth Army entered Xinquan for the first time from Tufang, Changting through Luodi. On that afternoon, Mao Zedong held a mass meeting under the big banyan tree. His sonorous and powerful words inspired the masses, called on and guided them to unite and fight, defeat the local tyrants, divide the land, and establish armed workers and peasants to make revolution. During the "Xinquan Training", under the banyan tree, Mao Zedong had a long talk with poor farmers and workers from the business community, gaining insight into their sufferings and demand for the revolution, asking them about their ideas and suggestions for the Red Army, patiently inspiring their class awareness, and calling on them to resolutely engage in the revolution.
Mao Zedong's words were like a raging fire, igniting the revolutionary passion of the people of Liancheng. During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, nearly 3,000 people in Liancheng County, with a population of only 110,000, joined the Communist Party of China, more than 10,000 Liancheng children enthusiastically participated in the Red Army and guerrillas, and more than 60% of the masses participated in the local guerrillas, Red Guards and Young Pioneers. This red hot land has nurtured outstanding children such as Lieutenant General Zhang Nansheng, Major General Yang Shangru, Major General Zhang Shuifa, and "Red Agents" Xiang Yunian, Xiang Nan, and Jiang Yizhen.
Now, under the green shade of the big Bani Tree , the lecturer and old party member Zhang Kaitao can often tell everyone the red story of the new spring training with passion.According to Wu Huaisheng, Party Secretary of Xinquan Town, the lecturers of the "Big Banyan Tree Forum" are mainly composed of propaganda backbone members, descendants of the Red Army, retired teachers and other propaganda backbones. They preach the red story of Xinquan to the majority of party members and the masses through easy-to-understand language. After more than three years of creation, the "Big Banyan Tree Forum" has become an important brand for Liancheng's propaganda, ideology and culture. It has organized more than 200 lectures of various types, with a total of more than 30,000 people participating in the study.
