3 document | Documentary in movies
edited | Documentary in movies
Preface
Zunyi Conference is a life-and-death turning point in the history of the party, and has extremely important historical significance.
However, in fact, the development of this meeting was not smooth sailing, but had gone through twists and turns.
At the Zunyi meeting, there was a cadre named Kaifeng who openly sarcastically sarcastically sarcastically and stating that Chairman Mao would not fight at all.
Why did Kaifeng sarcastically mock Chairman Mao at the meeting?
What kind of ending did he get after that?
Kaifeng
Deep thinking before Zunyi Conference
In October 1934, our party failed in the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign, and the Red Army was forced to withdraw from the base area and began a strategic transfer. The long and difficult Long March began.
At that time, the leadership of the Red Army was still in the hands of Bogu, Li De and others. They had serious mistakes in strategic and tactical guidance, and insisted on ordering the troops to carry equipment and carry "tanks and jars".
This has led to the slow movement of our army and the loss of its original mobility and flexibility.
Chiang Kai-shek said he would annihilate the Central Red Army in Xiangjiang River and gather 300,000 troops to encircle and intercept the Red Army.
Even though the Red Army, with its perseverance and heroic fighting spirit, finally broke through the enemy's fourth blockade line after several days of hard fighting, our army still paid a heavy price for it.
In the Xiangjiang Battle, our army directly reduced from 86,000 to 30,000.
Then, where should the remaining 30,000 Red Army forces go have become the primary issue within the party.
Bo Gu and Li De insisted on the original plan and wanted the troops to go north to meet He Long.
However, Mao Zedong raised objections. After the battle of Xiangjiang River, Chiang Kai-shek had already predicted the direction of the Red Army and arranged 200,000 troops in the north in advance, just waiting for the Red Army to get into the trap.
The 30,000 Red Army soldiers have just experienced hard battles and are exhausted. If they insist on letting the soldiers fight against 200,000 elite Kuomintang soldiers at this time, it is likely to cause even more tragic sacrifices.
After careful analysis, Mao Zedong believed that the army should change route to Guizhou, where the enemy's strength is relatively weak, and the Red Army can transfer more smoothly.
When Mao Zedong proposed this plan, Bo Gu and Li De also tried to preserve their own leadership of the Red Army and expressed strong opposition to this plan.
However, Zhou Enlai and others in the team expressed support for Mao Zedong's ideas and immediately led the army to move westward.
Mao Zedong
Facts have proved that Mao Zedong's idea is correct and can stand the test of practice.
The enemy forces in Guizhou are indeed as weak as he expected. The Red Army team won many battles on the way westward, and the low emotions that were originally scattered in the team gradually became high and excited.
Mao Zedong's miracle trick proposed disrupted Chiang Kai-shek's original combat plan in one fell swoop.
After he realized it, the Red Army had left the original encirclement and embarked on a brand new path.
The fact that the CPC Central Committee is in front of us made the leading cadres of the CPC Central Committee realize that the previous failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign and the tragic sacrifice of the Xiangjiang Campaign were largely due to the mistakes made by Bo Gu, Li De and others in strategic guidance.
Wang Jiaxiang, who was an alternate member of the Politburo at the time, also specially found Zhang Wentian, a member of the Politburo, and proposed to him that Bo Gu and Li De's military command power would be abolished, and proposed that Mao Zedong come out to command the Red Army.
After the conversation ended, the two reached an agreement.
In January 1935, the Central Red Army crossed the Wujiang River in accordance with Mao Zedong's plan and captured Zunyi .
The Red Army soldiers quickly completed the transfer battle plan with an upbeat appearance and active fighting spirit, which ultimately declared Chiang Kai-shek's annihilation plan bankrupt.
After capturing Zunyi, the Central Red Army was able to undergo a brief rest, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also took advantage of this rare opportunity to hold a three-day Zunyi Conference.
As early as after the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the calls for the replacement of leaders in the Red Army were very high.
After experiencing this life and death disaster, many soldiers expressed their unwillingness to obey the command of Bo Gu, Li De and others.
Our party members have firm beliefs. There are few soldiers in the Red Army who are afraid of sacrifice, but no one can accept it. They sacrifice in vain under the wrong command of leading cadres.
In order to better carry out revolutionary work and to get the Red Army on track, the Zunyi Conference set the theme early in the morning, which is to summarize the reasons for the failure of the previous battle and learn from the lessons.
However, at this time, everyone did not realize that this meeting would leave an important chapter in the history of our party.
Zunyi Conference
The storm in Zunyi Conference
In fact, as early as January 7, Bo Gu and others had been deprived of their military command.
He had a premonition that he would review and reflect on his previous wrong command at the Zunyi meeting, but even in this case, he still refused to give up the opportunity to regain power.
In order to get support and support in the meeting, Bogu came to find someone, and this person was Kaifeng.
Kaifeng's real name is He Kequan, and he is from Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province.
He devoted himself to the torrent of revolution during the Great Revolution. After being exposed to Marxism-Leninist , he also studied at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, the Soviet Union.
During this period, Kaifeng met Bo Gu who was studying in the Soviet Union. The two met too late and then formed a deep friendship. Bo Gu was also Kaifeng's introduction to the party.
After returning to China and officially joined the revolution, Bo Gu took the initiative to move closer to Bo Gu.
Before Bo Gu could speak, Kaifeng already understood the purpose of his arrival and said that he would definitely support him at the meeting.
In addition, Kaifeng also contacted Nie Rongzhen several times in private before the meeting, hoping that he could support Bo Gu.
However, Nie Rongzhen refused the request and said directly to him: "I will only support the right side."
Nie Rongzhen
January 15th, the Zunyi Conference was officially held.
As the General Secretary and the meeting host Bo Gu first gave a report and summarized the reasons for the failure of the battle.
In his report, he attributed the reasons for his failure to objective reasons more, repeatedly emphasizing the issue of "the enemy is strong and we are weak", but he kept silent about the mistakes he made in military command.
In the previous anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, the power balance between the Red Army and the enemy was one to ten. Under such severe circumstances, our army still won.
The fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign was when the Red Army was the strongest, but our army still lost.
This proves that the problem still lies in the military command strategy, and Bo Gu's statement is obviously to excuse himself.
Zhou Enlai spoke after Bo Gu, and he took the initiative to assume the main responsibility for the defeat in this battle.
Bogu
After listening to these two reports, participant Zhang Wentian took the lead in making a speech.
Surprisingly, Zhang Wentian's first words shocked the audience.
He pointed out incisively in front of the participants:
"I do not agree with Comrade Bo Gu's report. The reason for our army's successive failures was that Bo Gu and others made a series of serious mistakes in military command."
After listening to Zhang Wentian's speech, the venue fell into a brief silence, and Bo Gu, Li De and others' faces had become ugly.
However, he had no way to refute these remarks, so he had to announce the intermission of the meeting on the grounds that it was already noon.
At this time, Kaifeng found Bo Gu and asked slightly dissatisfiedly:
"As the General Secretary of the Central Committee and the conference host, are you tolerating Zhang Wentian's wanton attacks?"
Hearing Kaifeng's question, Bo Gu just looked dejected and couldn't say anything in the end.
Kaifeng secretly decided to give Bo Gu some support at the afternoon meeting.
Kaifeng
Kaifeng's satirical
In the afternoon meeting, Mao Zedong was the first to stand up and said that he wanted to say a few words.
He took the lead in objectively summarizing the wrong military commands of Bo Gu, Li De and others into three aspects:
Adventurism in offense, conservatism in defense, and escapism in transfer.
In the next hour, Mao Zedong objectively and fully listed the military command errors made by Bo Gu and others since the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression", and conducted an incisive analysis.
Not only does it objectively compare the military strategies of the first to fourth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign and the military strategies of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, but it also has sharp criticisms of Li De's failure to understand the characteristics of the Chinese revolution and only focusing on using simple calculations for deployment.
Mao Zedong's profound and sharp speech was warmly agreed by most of the participants, and someone immediately proposed that Mao Zedong come out to command the Red Army again.
However, in the atmosphere of warm support at the scene, Kaifeng raised objections.
Kaifeng (the second from the front row)
I saw him stand up suddenly and sarcastically said to Mao Zedong:
"Do you know what Marxism-Leninism is? At most, you have read some " Sun Tzu's Art of War " and "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". You learned your military strategy from there. Now you can't use it. What else do you know?"
After sarcasm to Mao Zedong, Kaifeng took it for granted and added another sentence:
"Aren't you just commanding the war with Sun Tzu's Art of War?"
In the early days of the revolution, Kaifeng was very dissatisfied with Mao Zedong, believing that this person was always mixed with peasants, and had never systematically studied Marxism-Leninism, and always put forward different ideas and opinions.
Wang Ming once said a saying, "How does Marxism-Leninism appear in the valleys?"
Kaifeng agrees with this sentence very much, so he believes that Mao Zedong, who always conducts rural research, cannot be the leader of the Central Committee and the Red Army, and always opposes his ideas and theories.
When Kaifeng stood up and sarcastically mocked Mao Zedong, the venue fell into silence again.
Everyone wants to see how Mao Zedong would react to such sarcasm.
Chairman Mao
Facing such sharp ridicule, Mao Zedong did not feel any anger.
At that time, he acted extremely calmly and calmly, just looked at Kaifeng quietly, took a breath of cigarette and asked:
"Comrade Kaifeng, have you read "The Art of War"? Do you know how many articles there are in "The Art of War"? What is the title of the first article?"
Kaifeng, who was very arrogant before, was choked by this question at once. He had not read "The Art of War", so naturally he could not answer Mao Zedong's question.
Mao Zedong looked at Kaifeng as if he was defeated and did not ask him questions. Instead, he said objectively:
"In the war, the situation in the enemy and us is so tense, how can we fight according to the book! I do not oppose theory, it must be done. We must treat Marxism-Leninism as a guide to action and must not become 'book sub-ism'."
These words were exactly the key point, and Mao Zedong's words immediately attracted the recognition of all the participants present.
Kaifeng, who was refuted, wanted to speak, but was interrupted by Zhu De's punch on the table.
When Bo Gu was speaking, Zhu De was particularly angry at the refusal of responsibility in his speech. He directly stated that if Li De, Bo Gu and others were still instructed, he would no longer follow him!
At the same time, he also proposed to let Comrade Mao Zedong enter the core of the central leadership and ask other participants to express their opinions.
After Mao Zedong made a speech, Zhou Enlai, Nie Rongzhen, Peng Dehuai and others expressed clear support to him and strongly demanded that Chairman Mao stand up again to command the Red Army.
Although Bo Gu, Li De and others were dissatisfied, they still could not resist the correct trend of the Communist Party of China.
Therefore, the Zunyi Conference established the correct leadership of the new central government represented by Mao Zedong, saved the Party and the Red Army, and also marked the maturity of the Communist Party of China.
After the Zunyi meeting, Kaifeng changed his attitude. What role did he play in the party later?
Zunyi meeting
to correct the mistakes
In the subsequent revolutionary path, the correctness of the opinions put forward by Chairman Mao was tested, and Kaifeng gradually realized his mistakes.
Fortunately, Kaifeng corrected his mistake when he knew it and contributed his strength in his subsequent work.
In the struggle between the Lianghekou Conference and Zhang Guotao, Kaifeng insisted on standing on the correct line represented by Mao Zedong.
For this reason, he published a long article titled "Several Issues in the Work of the Fanren" in our party's "Forward" newspaper.
In this article, Kaifeng revealed Zhang Guotao's ambitions and pointed out sharply that "Zhang Guotao wanted to establish the Northwest Federal Government and eventually put the Party Central Committee in the 'federal'."
Zhang Guotao, who was also a fellow villager in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province, was embarrassed and upset after seeing this article, and launched a fierce attack on Kaifeng one after another.
However, in the face of Zhang Guotao's attack, Kaifeng did not show weakness or surrender.
Instead, he has been insisting on writing articles to refute it.
After the Red Army arrived at Yan'an , Kaifeng was appointed as the leader of the Central Propaganda Department.
At this time, after all the hardships and hardships on the Long March , Chairman Mao no longer cared about Kaifeng's previous ridicule, and the relationship between the two became quite harmonious.
After arriving in Yan'an, Chairman Mao attached great importance to Kaifeng's literary talent and ability, and often chatted with him, encouraging him to continue to play the "pen spirit" on the Long March in Yan'an and create more good articles.
That's it. With Chairman Mao's praise and encouragement, Kaifeng insisted on creating. He not only wrote in-depth and educational articles such as "What We Want to the Young People in the North", but also wrote lyrics for " Anti-Japanese Military and Political University Song ".
In 1942, the translation of Marxist-Leninist works urgently needed.
At this time, Chairman Mao thought of Kaifeng again and handed the job solemnly to him. Kaifeng did not disappoint Chairman Mao and the organization's trust, and then organized the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau to translate a large number of works.
This played a major role in promoting and promoting the whole party’s learning of Marxism-Leninism at that time.
After the founding of New China, Kaifeng served as secretary of the municipal party committee in Shenyang.
From then on, he not only made great contributions to the construction of the city of Shenyang and the creation of welfare for the people, but also did a lot of work to support Shenyang's war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea.
Even though he is in a high position, Kaifeng adheres to the tenet of " serving the people " throughout his life and never seeks profit and favoritism for himself.
At that time, his second daughter wanted her father to use the rights in her hands to transfer herself and her husband to her father for work after marriage.
However, Kaifeng sternly refused this matter in his reply to his daughter.
In addition, Kaifeng told his daughter in the letter that he advised her family to go home to farm and also taught her to support herself, which shows Kaifeng's integrity.
1955 Comrade Kaifeng died of illness in Beijing at the age of 49.
Looking back on Kaifeng's life, he had both faults, but more of them were still merits.
Although he made a mistake before, fortunately, he knew his mistakes and could correct them. In his subsequent revolutionary work, he insisted on his firm belief in serving the country and the people and realizing communism, and eventually became a person who contributed to the construction of the country and the peace of the people.
At the same time, from the confrontation between Chairman Mao and Comrade Kaifeng, we can also feel the magnanimity of the great man again.
Chairman Mao did not leave any grudges in his heart because of Kaifeng's public ridicule and ridicule. Instead, he was able to solve and analyze objectively from the perspective of the problem, thus gaining everyone's recognition and follow-up.
In addition, Chairman Mao is a wise leader who can unite many forces and do great things together.
In the subsequent revolutionary cause, he not only did not suppress Kaifeng, but continued to explore the talents and abilities of this person, allowing him to continue to shine in various positions and realize his own value.
It is precisely because of Chairman Mao’s far-sightedness and grand intention that the Communist Party of China was able to mature under his leadership and finally achieve the fruits of victory.
I would like to pay tribute to Comrade Kaifeng, who knows his mistakes and is open and honest!
salutes to Chairman Mao, who is broad-minded and wise and great!
