Liu Bei's film and television image
The original text of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Zhuge Liang Biography" is: "Your talent is ten times more talented than Cao Pi will be able to safeguard the country and end up with great things. If your descendants can be assisted, you can assist you; if you are not talented, you can take it yourself."
When it comes to Liu Bei's words, Zhuge Liang could only agree with tears: "I will do my best to assist the young master, be loyal to you, and stop until death!"
Zhuge Liang promised in front of Liu Bei, and then he would go on for a long time. He did do this for 11 years.
Zhuge Liang's role at this time is called "Minister of Order Entrustment" or "Minister of the Government", in short, it is a character with heavy responsibilities, high dangers, and easy to arouse resentment.
There are two ancient people who can compare: Huo Guang and Wang Mang .
Huo Guang once held this role for a long time, but because of his own power, Huo Guang was framed by other ministers of regents. If he hadn't been well-informed, he would have been killed by the father and son of Shangguan Jie .
Huo Guang escaped the assassination of the minister by luck and supported Emperor Xuan of Han and took office. As a result, in the view of Emperor Xuan of Han, Huo Guang was an existence that made him "thorn on his back".
Huo Guang finally ended up having a good end, but behind him, because of the willfulness of his wife and children, he ended up with the fate of his family being destroyed.
After Huo Guang, Wang Mang also became the minister of the regent with his personal ability and merits. As a result, after several destruction and establishment of the young monarch, Wang Mang finally took it easy and sat on the throne of the monarch himself.
2, Zhuge Liang's wisdom
The lessons of history have never been gentle as the spring breeze, but as a sharp knife, with Huo Guang, Wang Mang, and near Cao Cao's "referring to his name as a Han prime minister, but actually being a Han thief", Zhuge Liang's role is obviously very Not good to be:
Zhuge Liang's film and television image
First of all, the stability and unity of Shu Han really requires the existence of "the minister of the orphanage";
Secondly, this role has too heavy responsibilities and too much power. If you don’t grasp it well, it will easily cause suspicion of the monarch;
3. If you have long-term control of power, it can easily stimulate personal ambitions and eventually "replace" young and weak monarchs.
has so many historical lessons and practical experiences, but Zhuge Liang has always been as stable as before in this position. He has neither been suspicious nor attacked by ministers, and has been in power safely for more than ten years.
This requires more than just wisdom.
Of course, although there were no strong winds and waves during the period, occasionally there would be small loach to tinker with some small storms.
For example, Li Yan, who is also the minister of orphanage.
3. What kind of person is Li Yan?
Before joining Liu Bei, Li Yan had served as officials under Liu Biao and Liu Zhang . Because of his ability, Liu Biao once asked Li Yan to work in various counties, and Liu Zhang appointed him as the magistrate of Chengdu County.
Li Yan's film and television image
In 213 AD, Liu Zhang sent Li Yan to resist Liu Bei in Mianzhu, and Li Yan led his subordinates to surrender to Liu Bei, and Liu Bei appointed Li Yan as a general. After pacifying Chengdu, Li Yan was appointed as the prefect of Jianwei and the general of Xingye.
Li Yan once again showed his outstanding talent when he served as the prefect of Jianwei:
In 218 AD, Li Yan led five thousand men to repel tens of thousands of thieves. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :
During the Li Yan's governance, Jianwei County was renovated and the magnificent buildings became a scene in the whole province at that time.
Although he is very talented, Li Yan also has a weakness in character, that is, he is arrogant and difficult to get along with others. His officials, such as Yang Hong, Wang Chong, etc., often resign after arguing with him or resigning after arguing with him. , or defect.
Although Li Yan has weaknesses in his personality, Liu Bei always trusted him very much. He not only promoted him to the general of Han, but also appointed him as the Secretary of the Han Dynasty. In 223 AD, when Liu Bei was seriously ill, he specially summoned Li Yan and asked him and Zhuge Liang to assist the young master Liu Chan.
4, Zhuge Liang took action
The war between Cao Wei and Shu Han has been continuing.
In 231 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army to Qishan to resist the enemy, and asked Li Yan to be responsible for supervising the transportation of food and grass.
It was early autumn, and there was a lot of rain and the grain truck was not easy to drive. Li Yan sent the army and the army to tell Zhuge Liang that the food and grass were not good, and asked him to withdraw his troops as soon as possible.
Zhuge Liang's film and television image
Before the troops moved, food and grass came first. Zhuge Liang knew the important role of food and grass, so when he heard that the supply of food and grass was insufficient, he immediately agreed to withdraw his troops.
But what was unexpected was that after hearing the news of Zhuge Liang's retreat, Li Yan deliberately looked surprised and said, "There is enough food and grass, why should we retreat?" This justified his lack of food and grass supervision. After saying this, Li Yan still felt that the strength was not enough. He then submitted a statement to Liu Chan, saying, "Zhuge Liang is pretending to retreat now, in order to lure the enemy to come and fight the decisive battle!"
War is not a joke, how can people keep talking nonsense? Zhuge Liang had to withdraw his troops because he couldn't keep up with the food and supplies. He was already very cowardly. Now he heard Li Yan defending himself in such a distorted way. How could he not be angry? So Zhuge Liang handed the letters written by Li Yan to him as real evidence to Liu Chan so that Liu Chan could find out the authenticity of the matter. After submitting the letter to Li Yan, Zhuge Liang immediately wrote a letter to impeach Li Yan, criticizing him for only considering personal interests and honors, and was not suitable to stay in the court for serving. Then he abolished Li Yan as a civilian and exiled to live in Zitong County.
Long before working with Li Yan, Li Yan's fellow villager secretly reminded Zhuge Liang that Li Yan was not upright in his mind and was likely to cause trouble. At that time, Zhuge Liang thought that the two could work together for the common interests of the country, but he did not expect that he ended up like this in the end.
What is the ending of Li Yan? He was waiting in exile and always hoped that Zhuge Liang could enable him again, but he had been waiting for more than two years and had not waited for news. In 234, when Li Yan heard the news of Zhuge Liang's death, he knew that no one in the court could give him a chance, and soon died of illness.
5, Ma Su
Ma Su was once Zhuge Liang's favorite general. After Ma Su lost Jieting, Zhuge Liang executed Ma Su with tears, he submitted a letter to Liu Chan, asking for self-deprecation of three levels as a punishment.
related film and television image
So, is Zhuge Liang responsible for making a mistake? Obviously, he made the mistake of improper employment of people.
Ma Su is the younger brother of Ma Liang . The five brothers of the Ma family are very famous, among which Ma Liang is the most talented. Zhuge Liang and Ma Liang are usually called brothers, and the relationship between them is very good. After Ma Liang passed away, Zhuge Liang was also very good to Ma Su.
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: Dong Liu, Ma, Chen, Dong Lu Biography" says that Ma Su "has extraordinary talent and is fond of discussing military strategies." Zhuge Liang likes to talk about military affairs with Ma Su very much, and the two often talk for a whole day.
33 is contrary to Zhuge Liang's attitude of appreciating Ma Su. Liu Bei did not look down on Ma Su very much. Before he died, he also instructed Zhuge Liang: "Ma Su often speaks too much. This person is useless. You should pay more attention!" htmlm l2
This is Liu Bei's Zhuge Liang did not take the entrusted instructions at the end of his life. He appointed Ma Su as his military officer and usually valued him very much.
Ma Su was respected by Zhuge Liang, which also showed his outstanding talents.In 225 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army to conquer Nanzhong, and Ma Su sent him all the way, sending him out dozens of miles.
Zhuge Liang knew that this expedition was of great significance. He asked Ma Su: "We have prepared for this expedition for several years. Do you have any good suggestions now?"
Ma Su replied: " Nanzhong Remote, people there I have always been dissatisfied with us. Even if I defeat them now, they will rebel after a while. The way to use military forces is to attack the heart and attack the city as the best; the fighting is the best, and the fighting is the best; so please work hard to conquer people's hearts. ”
Zhuge Liang listened to Ma Su’s suggestion. It was during this expedition that he captured and seven platoons against Menghuo, thus making Meng Huo sincerely surrender, making the people of Nanzhong subjugate, and no rebellion afterwards.
Perhaps it is precisely because of Ma Su's success that Zhuge Liang attaches great importance to Ma Su and believes that he is a general who can be used exceptionally.
6. Zhuge Liang killed Ma Su in tears
In 228 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army to the north. At that time, there were veterans such as Wei Yan and Wu Yi who had rich combat experience in the military camp. Many people thought that these veterans should be allowed to be pioneers, but Zhuge Liang opposed the opposition and appointed Ma Su as pioneers.
related film and television image
Ma Su would not have been defeated as a pioneer, but he had committed a self-righteous behavior, refused to implement Zhuge Liang's deployment, and refused to obey the advice of the deputy general, which resulted in the defeat of Jieting. .
After Ma Su lost Jieting, Zhuge Liang's army lost its stronghold and had to retreat to Hanzhong .
Ma Su was defeated and was first imprisoned for his crimes, but was executed soon after. Before his death, Ma Su wrote a letter of deep affection to Zhuge Liang, thanking Zhuge Liang for his years of kindness.
Zhuge Liang cried and executed Ma Su, and then he did not spare himself easily. He personally submitted a statement to Liu Chan, expressing his fault for using improperly and requesting to be demoted to the third level.
Liu Chanzhun reported that he demoted Zhuge Liang to the right general and performed the prime minister's affairs.
Although Zhuge Liang's punishment was not too heavy, with his previous achievements, his identity and status in Shu Kingdom, he could not mention his fault at all, but he did not do that. After losing his beloved general, he lost his beloved general. , He also severely punished himself.
Although it was a mistake in employment, it led to a defeat, it was a good example.
Postscript
In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his army to carry out the fifth Northern Expedition. It was during this Northern Expedition that Zhuge Liang died of illness in the military camp.
Although the commander passed away at the last minute, the retreat of the Shu army was still in order. Their calm performance made the Sima Yi , who was following closely, not daring to chase after her with confidence.
It was not until the Shu army retreated far away that Sima Yi dared to enter the camp left by the Shu army. After repeatedly inspecting and carefully inspecting it, he couldn't help but praise Zhuge Liang and said: It's a true genius in the world!
Looking at the 27 years that Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei and Liu Chan, although he did not realize the grand ambition to revive the Han Dynasty in the end, he had made a three-pointer for the weak Liu Bei. The East-wide alliance Sun Quan , the northern enemy Cao Cao won for Shu Han. Have A stable situation for decades. Although Zhuge Liang did not win many battles, he was always on the road of conquest and did "devote his whole life until he died." No wonder he was a loyal minister and wise man like
at that time and was highly praised and highly praised by literati and scholars and even rulers of all dynasties.
Reference materials: "The Three Kingdoms·Biography of Zhuge Liang", "The Three Kingdoms·Biography of Liu Pengliao Li Liu Wei Yang", "The Three Kingdoms·Biography of Dong Liu Ma Chen Dong Lu"
