Lao Tan wrote last week's article "During the Beiping negotiations, Zhang Zhizhong pleaded for Chiang Kai-shek , asking Chairman Mao to let Chiang Kai-shek go" which was about the smoke of the three major battles of Liaoshen, Huaihai , and Pingjin. Go, Chiang Kai-shek's five ace troops have been destroyed. In order to win a breathing opportunity, he announced his resignation and pushed Li Zongren to the front stage, playing the trick of fake peace talks and real preparations. That is, on April 1, a peace talks delegation composed of Zhang Zhizhong, Shao Lizi, Liu Fei, Zhang Shizhao, Huang Shaohong and others were sent to , Peking for negotiations.
As the negotiations continued to deepen, Zhang Zhizhong became more and more aware of the true face of Chiang Kai-shek, a dictator and war criminal. After the negotiations were shattered, he and Shao Lizi, Liu Fei, Zhang Shizhao and others chose to stay in Peiping and participated in the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the founding ceremony of .
The first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held on September 21, 1949, and was located in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai. On September 22, on September 22, Dong Biwu proposed the national name of the New China - " People's Republic of China " in his report on the drafting process of the Organization Law of the Central People's Government and its basic content.
Lao Qin briefly talks about the origin and development of this country's name.
As early as July 1927, our party clearly pointed out: "Unified the headquarters of China is a true democratic republic."
, that is, the historical starting point of our party's thought on building a country is to establish a "real democratic republic."
On October 23 that year, our party issued the "Declaration on the Communist Party of China and the Communist Youth League of China Against War", further proposing: "Unify China and create a new China - the Conference of Workers, Peasants, Soldiers and Labor Poor ( Soviet) ) China. "
Under the guidance of this slogan, our party established the "Soviet Republic of China" in Ruijin, Jiangxi on November 7, 1931.
" Constitutional Outline of the Chinese Soviet Republic " determines the nature of the "Chinese Soviet Republic": "It is a country with democratic dictatorship between workers and peasants."
"Chinese Soviet Republic" Since it is the democratic communist of workers and peasants."
"Chinese Soviet Republic" has the nature of the "Chinese Soviet Republic" since it is the democratic communist of workers and peasants. Heguo, also known as It is the "Soviet Republic of Workers and Peasants". After the end of the Long March , in December 1935, our central government passed the "Central Resolution on the Current Political Situation and the Party's Tasks" at the Wayaobao Conference. The resolution pointed out: "The Soviet Republic of Workers and Peasants and its Central Government declared: Change yourself into the Soviet People's Republic. "
From this time on, the "Soviet Republic of Workers and Peasants" was renamed the "Soviet People's Republic".
On August 25 of the following year, our central government changed the "Soviet People's Republic" to the "Democratic Republic" in the "Letter to the Kuomintang of the Communist Party of China", claiming that "we sponsor the establishment of a unified democratic republic in China."
It is not difficult to see that from the establishment of the "Chinese Soviet Republic" to the proposal of the slogans of "People's Republic" and "Democratic Republic", they are all products under the background of great historical development and are our party's continuous adaptation to the new democratic revolution The needs of situations at different stages of development.
At the same time, it is not difficult for us to see that the goal of "democracy" is becoming clearer and clearer; the task of realizing true "democracy" is becoming more and more urgent.
On January 9, 1940, Chairman Mao mentioned in his speech at the first representative meeting of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Cultural Association that "the Democratic Republic of China that we are going to establish now can only be everything under the leadership of the proletariat . Anti-imperialism and feudal people united in the democratic republic of dictatorship”.
After experiencing the War of Resistance Against Japan and the War of Liberation, on June 15, 1949, Chairman Mao said at the opening ceremony of the preparatory meeting of the New Political Consultative Conference: In the past, the Republic of China also claimed to be "democracy", but its "democracy" was false It is not worthy of its name.Now, we want to establish a veritable People's Democratic Republic of China!
He shouted three slogans after the speech, the first of which was "Long live the People's Democratic Republic of China!"
Preparatory meeting therefore listed "Propose a Plan to Establish the Government of the People's Democratic Republic of China" as one of the preparatory meetings Item Center Task.
In the subsequent group discussion, Zhang Zhirang, director of the Law Department and professor of Fudan University, and Huang Yanpei, two gentlemen, believed that the name of the "People's Democratic Republic of China" was too long and cumbersome to use.
They wrote an outline, advocating the use of "People's Democratic Republic of China".
They believe that the "Republic" in Chinese is translated from the English "Republic". There is no substantial difference between "Republic" and "Democracy" in English, that is, "Republic" can also be translated as "Democracy". The only difference between the two is that the former refers to a democratic country, and the latter refers to a democratic political system. Therefore, it seems verbose and repetitive to list "democracy" and "republic".
jurist and professor at Tsinghua University Zhang Xiruo Mr. Zhang thought that it is better to use the "People's Republic of China" than to use the "People's Republic of China".
Zhang Xiruo also felt that the name of the "People's Democratic Republic of China" was too long and cumbersome to use, but his opinion was "get rid of the word democracy".
His basis is: "If there is a 'people', you can do without the word 'democracy'. How can there be a people without democracy?"
Zhang Xiruo also pointed out that the word "democracy" comes from Greece Democracy, which originally means It is the people.
Needless to say, the statements of Zhang Zhirang, Huang Yanpei, Zhang Xiruo and others are all very reasonable.
But is it better to use the "People's Democratic Republic of China" or the "People's Republic of China"? Dong Biwu, who was responsible for presiding over the discussion, did not draw a conclusion, but simply distributed the above opinions to the director, deputy director, member and head of each group, and left to the Drafting Committee of the Government Organization Law.
On the evening of August 16, Chairman Mao invited people from all walks of life to have a discussion at Zhongnanhai .
He specifically introduced the opinions of experts on the name of New China at the preparatory meeting, so that everyone can express their opinions.
Zhang Zhizhong attended the symposium.
He spoke actively at the meeting and boldly expressed his views.
He said: The country name of the "People's Democratic Republic of China" is not as famous as that of the "People's Republic of China".
In other words, he agrees with Zhang Xiruo's conclusion.
, but he did not agree with Zhang Xiruo's explanation of the word "democracy" proposed by Greece.
He said: "Sima Qian In "Records of the Grand Historian", there is a record that "King Li ran to the pit, and the chaos began in the capital, and the republic was administered," that is, China had the concept of "republic" during the Western Zhou Dynasty. And this concept itself It contains the meaning of democracy. It is indeed a repetition of the meaning. It is better to call it the "People's Republic of China". ”
Chairman Mao attached great importance to Zhang Zhizhong's explanation and suggested that everyone adopt this opinion.
The plenary meeting of the 4th Group of the Preparatory Committee passed a preliminary draft on August 17, calling New China the "People's Republic of China".
So, on September 22, 1949, Dong Biwu reported to the drafting process and basic content of the "Organization Law of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" at the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and announced that the country name of the New China was "People's Republic of China".
In addition, on August 16, the staff of the 6th Group of the CPPCC Preparatory Committee headed by Ma Xulun summit collected more than 3,000 national flags from the reception room of Beijing Hotel at the intersection of Wangfujing Road. The national emblem patterns were screened, 38 national flag patterns were selected, and a "National Flag Pattern Reference Material" was compiled to be issued to each member attending the CPPCC meeting.
Time comes September 23, Chairman Mao and Zhu De held a grand banquet that night to entertain the rebels.
Chairman Mao talked about the selection of national flag patterns during the meal. He said that he had a crush on the pattern of "five stars, one Yellow River ".
Zhang Zhizhong objected on the spot. He said: "This horizontal bar in the middle gives people the feeling that it does not represent the Yellow River, but divides the red flag into two halves, making people easily think of splitting the country." After hearing this, Chairman Mao tightly said He held Zhang Zhizhong's hand and praised him for "good reminder".
The national flag of New China did not appear this horizontal bar later.
