China has produced countless historical stories for five thousand years
When you tell an allusion
Do you know the turbulent and magnificent history behind it?
What is "the good relationship between Qin and Jin forever"?
Why does it say "aim for the Central Plains"?
What allusion does "peaches and plums all over the world" come from?
......
1. Descendants of Yan and Huang
About four thousand years ago, Xuanyuan Huangdi united with Yandi to defeat the Jiuli tribe Chiyou . The captives of Chiyou were called "Li people". After that, Huangdi defeated the Yandi tribe and became the Central Plains region. The leader of the tribal alliance.
Later generations hailed the Yellow Emperor as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Because the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor were close relatives, and the two tribes were integrated together, the Chinese nation was also called the descendants of Yan and Huang.
2. Zhou Gong Tubu
Zhou Gong surnamed Ji Mingdan, he was the fourth son of King Wen of Zhou and the younger brother of King Wu . Because his fiefdom was in Zhou and his title was Shanggong, he was called Duke of Zhou.
He twice assisted King Wu to defeat Zhou . When King Wu died, he also assisted King Cheng as regent, established rituals and music, and brought great rule to the world. It is said that he "washed his hair three times, vomited his food three times, and waited for the scholars". Duke Zhou also became a model of politeness to virtuous people and eager to seek talents.
3. The friendship between Guan and Bao
refers to the friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao Shuya, two wise ministers of Qi State Qi Huangong during the Spring and Autumn Period. Bao Shuya was in charge of Qi Gongzi Xiaobai, and Guan Zhong was in charge of Gongzi Jiu. After the young master Xiaobai became Duke Huan of Qi, he was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Bao Shuya recommended Guan Zhong to Duke Huan of Qi. Later, Guan Zhong was in charge of the affairs of Qi State, and Bao Shuya happily lived under Guan Zhong, and their friendship did not diminish.
Later, Guan Zhong helped Duke Huan of Qi become the overlord. Guan Zhong said, "My parents gave birth to me, and Bao Shuya knows me."
4. The good relationship between Qin and Jin
In the Spring and Autumn Period , there were many intermarriages between Qin and Jin. Duke Xian of Jin once married his daughter to Duke Mu of Qin. Later, Xian Gong's concubine Li Ji fell into chaos and persecuted Xian Gong's sons Shen Sheng and Chong'er.
Chong'er was in exile for nineteen years. When he was exiled to the state of Qin , Duke Mu of Qin married his daughter Wen Ying and four other daughters of the same clan to Chong'er. In 636 BC, Duke Mu helped his son Chong'er return to his country and become the king, thus achieving "the good of Qin and Jin".
5. King of Chu aspires to the throne
"Zuo Zhuan" records that during the Spring and Autumn Period, King Zhuang of Chu once led his troops to the northern expedition to Luoshui to show off his force to the Zhou Dynasty . King Ding of Zhou sent Wang Sunman to reward the Chu army. , and King Zhuang of Chu asked Wang Sunman about the importance of the Zhou Dynasty national treasure Jiuding, Wang Sunman replied: It's about virtue, not about the tripod.
The tripod is a symbol of ancient state power. The importance of Duke Zhuang of Chu's aspiration for the throne was meant to replace the Zhou Dynasty. "Aspirations for the Central Plains" originated from this.
6. The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period
The Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period refers to Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Wen of Jin, , Duke Xiang of Song, Duke Mu of Qin, and King Zhuang of Chu, who were the leaders of the five alliances between princes during the Spring and Autumn Period. King Zhuang, King Helu of Wu, and King Goujian of Yue. The Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period refer to the seven most powerful vassal states of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and Qin during the Warring States Period.
7.He Zonglianheng
Since Qin Xiaogong, the powerful Qin State has had the ambition to unify the world. Under the lobbying of strategist Su Qin, Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, and Wei formed an alliance. , "joined vertically" to resist Qin, Qin counselor Zhang Yi proposed the strategy of distant diplomacy and close attack, and used "lianheng" to disintegrate the alliance, laying the foundation for Qin to unify China.
8. The car is in the same track, the book is in the same text
King Qin Yingzheng successively destroyed the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi, unified China, and called himself " the First Emperor ".
Qin Shihuang adopted the suggestion of Prime Minister Li Si, "books with the same text, cars with the same track", unified currency, weights and measures; in order to resist the Xiongnu, he built the Great Wall from Lintao in the west to Liaodong in the east.
9. The Hongmen Banquet
refers to a banquet held in Hongmen, the outskirts of Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty , in 206 BC. Participants included Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the leaders of the two anti-Qin uprising armies at that time.
Xiang Yu tried to kill Liu Bang at the banquet, but Liu Bang managed to escape.The banquet had an important impact on the farmers' war in the late Qin Dynasty and the Chu and Han War. Later generations often use the word "Hongmen Banquet" to a metaphor for unsatisfactory banquets.
10. Farewell My Concubine
Liu Bang took advantage of Xiang Yu to capture Xiang Yu's capital Pengcheng since he was sending troops. Xiang Yu defeated and defeated the Han army.
Fan Zeng did not allow Liu Bang to ask for peace, Liu Bang separated Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng, and divided the Chuhe and Han realm as the right measure. Later, Xiang Yu was besieged under the sides of Han Xin's ten -sided ambush. Slightly, the songs are all sides, and the king is full of anger, how can you talk about it? " Xiang Yu retreated to Wujiang and pulled his sword on the side of Wujiang.
11. Cheng Ye also Xiao He, who was defeated, Xiao He
Han Xin was reuse for Liu Bang when he was in the first place, so he left Liu Bang. The counselor Xiao He recovered Han Xin and was recommended to Liu Bang as a general. Han Xin adopted the "Mingxiu Board Road and Darkness Chen Cang" to capture Sanqin, occupying Guanzhong, and later assisted Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu to establish the Han Dynasty. After Liu Bang became the emperor, he reduced him to Huaiyin Hou on the grounds of rebellion, and Han Xin was executed under the design of Xiao He and Lu Hou.
Han Xin's success and death have a great relationship with Xiao He, so it is called "Cheng also Xiao He, and Xiao He is also defeated."
12. Inconsistent with
in the Eastern Han Dynasty famous military and diplomat Ban Chao, who copied books for the government when he was young. . Anneng has a long time to study? rule.
13. Three Gu Cainea
Yuan Shao's defeat in the war of Guandu, Liu Bei voted for Liu Biao and stationed in Xinye. In 207 AD, Liu Bei San visited Longzhong , and found Zhuge Liang out of the mountain assistant, and said in the Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Pay", "Donglian Sun Wu, Jingyi in the West, Nanheyi Yue, Bei Augi Cao Cao" The strategy has achieved the great cause of the world.
14. Three Kingdoms Dingli
In January 220 AD, Cao Cao died in Luoyang. In October, his son Cao Yu became the emperor, the country was changed to Wei, and Hanxian Emperor abdicated, and the Eastern Han Dynasty perished.
In 221 AD, Liu Bei became the emperor in Chengdu, the country is Han, and it is known as Shu Han in history. In 229 AD, Sun Quan became the emperor in Wuchang.
15. Sima Zhao's heart, passersby knows
in 260 AD. Due to Sima Zhao's power, it endangers the Cao's throne. Zhao, under the instructions of Sima Zhao's confidant Jia Chong, Cao Feng was killed by the samurai Chengji at the age of 20. After the death of
, Sima Zhaolongli Cao Yan was the emperor, that is, Emperor Wei Yuan, he took over great power. In 265, Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan became the emperor and established the Jin Dynasty.
16. The eight kings of the eight kings
in the eight vassal kings of the Western Jin Dynasty. In 290 AD, the Sima was ascended to Emperor Jinhui. The queen Jia Nanfeng removed Runan King Sima Liang and Chu King Sima Wei to abolish the prince.
Zhao Wang Siman and Qi Wang Sima were abolished Jia, and then Chengdu king Sima Ying, Hejian King Sima, Changsha King Sima, and the East China King Sima Yue started fighting to compete for the throne. In the end, Sima Yue poisoned the Emperor Jin Hui, and Sima Chi was the emperor.
17. During the Battle of the Water
in the Sixteen Kingdoms, the monarch of the former Qin Dynasty led 800,000 troops to attack the East Jin, and the Qin and Jin Army played against the water. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Xie An's nephew Xie Xuan led 80,000 Beifu soldiers to meet.
requested the Qin Army to retreat in order to cross the river to make a decision. As the Qin Army retreated, the Jin Army crossed the water and defeated the water. This battle directly led to the decline of the former Qin, and the Eastern Jin Dynasty had no foreign aggression for decades.
18. Northern and Southern
in Chinese history a long period of splitting. The Southern Dynasties include Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen Si Dynasty, and the Northern Dynasties included the Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei , Western Wei, Northern Song and Northern Friday Dynasties.
In 420 AD, Liu Yu, the second emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, ascended the throne. His country was named "Song" and he ruled the south. The Northern Wei Dynasty in the north unified the north in 439 AD. The political power of the north and the south ruled the world separately for more than a hundred years.
19. Yang Jian established the Sui Dynasty
In 581 AD, Yang Jian, a relative of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of the Zhou Dynasty. He changed the country's name to Sui and became Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty , and established the capital Chang'an. After Yang Jian ascended the throne, he practiced frugality, eradicated corruption, stabilized the political power, and carried out a series of reforms. His greatest achievement was the abolition of the nine-rank Zhongzheng system since Cao Wei and the creation of the imperial examination system.
In 589 AD, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty eliminated the Chen Dynasty, the last dynasty of the Southern Dynasties, unified China, and ended the 270 years of division (Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties).
20. The Change of Xuanwu Gate
Tang Gaozu Li Yuan had four sons: the third son Xuanba died early, the eldest son Prince Jiancheng, the second son Qin Wang Shimin, and the fourth son Qi Wang Yuanji.
Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji were afraid of Li Shimin's power and repeatedly planned to murder Li Shimin. In 626 AD, Li Shimin ambushed the Xuanwu Gate and killed the prince Li Jiancheng and the king of Qi Li Yuanji. Emperor Gaozu made Li Shimin the prince. In August, Li Shimin ascended the throne as Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, with the reign name Zhenguan, and started the famous Zhenguan rule.
21. Xuanzang's Journey to the West
In order to explore the differences in the theories of various schools of Buddhism, Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, traveled 50,000 miles westward in the first year of Zhenguan to reach Nalanda Temple in Tianzhu to collect the true scriptures. He learned all the various theories of Mahayana and Mahayana at that time. He returned to Chang'an in 645 AD, which lasted 18 years, and he brought back more than 600 scriptures.
He has been engaged in the translation of Buddhist scriptures for a long time. He has translated scriptures such as the Mahaprajna Sutra and the Heart Sutra. He also wrote the "Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" and is honored as "Master Tripitaka".
22.Fang Mou Du Duan
Tang Taizong Li Shimin had two capable prime ministers, one was Fang Xuanling and the other was Du Ruhui. "Old Tang Book·Fang Xuanling" Du Ruhui records: When Tang Taizong and Fang Xuanling were studying state affairs, Fang Xuanling was always able to put forward incisive opinions and specific methods, but was often unable to make decisions. At this time, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty had to invite Du Ruhui. As soon as Du Ruhui came, he briefly analyzed the problem and immediately affirmed Fang Xuanling's opinions and methods.
Two people, Fang and Du, one is good at making plans and the other is good at making decisions, so they are called "Fang Miao Du Jue" to describe their respective specialties.
23. The sun and the moon are in the same sky
In 689 AD, Wu Zetian, the "Holy Mother God Emperor" who came to to proclaim , coined the character "曌" and named herself Wu Zhao, which means "the sun and the moon are in the sky".
In 690 AD, Wu Zetian changed the name of the country from Tang to "Zhou" and named herself "Emperor of the Holy Spirit". After she became the emperor, she opened the imperial examination, employed people outside the rules, rewarded farmers and mulberry trees, developed the economy, knew people well and accepted their advice, which laid the foundation for the "Kaiyuan prosperous age".
24. The world is filled with peach blossoms
Wu Zetian trusted Di Renjie very much and relied on his decision-making in everything. He became a famous minister in the Tang Dynasty, including Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi. Someone said to him: "All the peaches and plums in the world are in the public gate." The capable ministers who govern the world all came from Di Renjie's sect, so he was called "Peach and Plum All Over the World" ".
25.The prosperous age of Kaiyuan
In the early period of Tang Xuanzong's reign, he worked hard to govern, appointed talents, selected famous ministers such as Yao Chong and Song Jing, established admonishment officers, and restored the admonishment system. Improve the legal system and compile "Tang Liu Dian".
Economically, a series of measures were taken to reform the system, stabilize the people and encourage farmers, and advocate literature and education. During this period, the politics were clear and the economy developed rapidly. It is known as the "Kaiyuan Heyday" in history.
26. The Anshi Rebellion
In the late period of Tang Xuanzong's reign, Fan Yang Jiedushi An Lushan raised troops in Fan Yang and captured Luoyang in the name of attacking Yang Guozhong. An Lushan established himself as emperor and was named Emperor Dayan. Later, An Lushan was conquered by his son An Qingxu. Killed, the Tang army took the opportunity to regain Chang'an and Luoyang.
Soon An Lushan's subordinate Shi Siming re-captured Luoyang, also known as the Emperor of Dayan, and was later killed by his son Shi Chaoyi. This turmoil lasted for 8 years and was known as the "Anshi Rebellion" in history. It was a turning point in the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline.
27. Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907-960) was a period of great division in Chinese history.
In the 53 years after the fall of the Tang Dynasty (AD 907 to 960), the Central Plains of China experienced the replacement of three dynasties: the Later Liang, the Later Tang, the Later Jin, the Later Han, and the Later Wu, known as the "Five Dynasties" in history; and at the end of the Tang Dynasty, During the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, more than ten separatist regimes outside the Central Plains, including the Former Shu, Later Shu, Wu, Southern Tang, Wuyue, Fujian, Chu, Southern Han, Nanping, Northern Han, were included in the "New History of the Five Dynasties" and Later historians collectively referred to them as the "Ten Kingdoms".
28. A glass of wine releases military power
In 960 AD, Zhao Kuangyin launched a mutiny at Chenqiaoyi in the Later Zhou Dynasty. He wore a yellow robe and seized the power of the Later Zhou Dynasty. He established the Song Dynasty and was named Taizu of the Song Dynasty.
In order to consolidate his dominance, Song Taizu hosted a banquet for the Imperial Army generals Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi, and used threats and inducements to relieve them of their military power. Soon, he used the same method to remove the governors of each vassal town and strengthen the central government. centralization.
29. The queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty
Li Yu was the last emperor of the Southern Tang Dynasty. After the Song army destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty in 971, Li Yu proclaimed himself a vassal to the Song Dynasty and changed his title to "Lord of Jiangnan". In 974 AD, the Song Dynasty destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty. Li Yu reigned for 15 years and was known as the Empress Li and the Empress of the Southern Tang Dynasty.
He made no achievements in politics, but he had high artistic achievements. He once invented the "Golden Cross Knife" calligraphy style. His poems are especially famous for "Poppy Beauty" written after the fall of the country.
30. Yang Family General
Yang Ye, a famous general in the Northern Han Dynasty, returned to the Song Dynasty with the emperor of the Northern Han Dynasty. He was appointed as a general by Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty. He made many military exploits in the Anti-Liao War and was called "Yang Invincible". Later, he fought in the Liao Campaign. During the war, he was unfortunately captured in Chenjiagu. He vowed not to surrender and died on a hunger strike.
Later, Yang Ye's son Yang Yanzhao and grandson Yang Wenguang repeatedly made military exploits in the border war to defend the Song Dynasty and became famous generals in the anti-Liao Dynasty. Later generations interpreted the anti-Liao deeds of three generations of his ancestors and grandchildren as the story of "General of the Yang Family" and passed it down from generation to generation.
31. Alliance of Chan (chán) Yuan
In 1004 AD, the Khitan went south to attack the Song Dynasty, and then arrived at Chanzhou (i.e. Chanyuan). Kou Zhun, the famous Prime Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, strongly advocated the personal expedition of Song Zhenzong, which defeated the Khitan forward. The two sides negotiated a peace and stipulated that the Song Dynasty He gave 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 bolts of silk as gifts to the Liao Dynasty, which was known as the "Chanyuan Alliance" in history.
After that, there were no large-scale wars between the Song and Liao for more than a hundred years. Courtesy exchanges were exchanged, and the two sides exchanged visits for a total of 380 times.
32. The Shame of Jingkang
Song Qinzong In the first year of Jingkang (1126 AD), the Jin soldiers invaded the south again and captured Taiyuan. , approaching Bianjing, the capital, the two emperors Huizong and Qinzong, as well as a large number of Zhao royal family, imperial concubines, nobles, and courtiers, a total of more than 3,000 people were captured by the Jin people and went north to the Jin Kingdom. The Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed, which is known in history as the "Shame of Jingkang" .
In 1127 AD, King Huizong's ninth son, Kang Wang Zhaogou, ascended the throne and proclaimed himself emperor in Lin'an (today's Hangzhou). He was Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty began.
33. Loyalty to the Country
1 From 1128 to 1141, the famous Southern Song Dynasty general Yue Fei led his Yue family army to fight against the Jin army, and they were invincible. In 1140, Wanyan Wushu destroyed the alliance and attacked the Song Dynasty. Yue Fei sent his troops to the Northern Expedition and defeated the Jin army. However, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty insisted on seeking peace and ordered his troops to retreat with twelve gold medals. Yue Fei was forced to withdraw from the army. He was framed by Qin Hui, Zhang Jun and others, and was killed by the court on the "unfounded" charge of treason.
The story of Yue Fei's mother tattooing the four words "Serve the Country with Loyalty" on his back has become a famous patriotic allusion in our country.
34. A generation of genius
During the Liao and Northern Song Dynasties, various tribes in Mongolia launched long-term and fierce tribal wars to compete for territory. Temujin, the Khan of the Qiyan tribe, gradually became stronger, and successively eliminated other tribes, unified Mongolia, and was It is recommended as the Great Khan, that is, Genghis Khan .
In 1271 AD, his grandson Kublai Khan changed the name of his country to Yuan, becoming the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. The following year, he moved the capital to Daxing Prefecture (today's Beijing). Then they went south to attack the Song Dynasty. In 1279 AD, the Yuan Dynasty unified China and the Southern Song Dynasty was declared dead.
35. The Battle of Jingnan
After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang named his descendants kings and guarded the frontiers. Among them, the most respected one is King Zhu Di of Yan. In 1398 AD, the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunwen came to the throne and was known as Emperor Jianwen in history. After Emperor Jianwen came to the throne, he decided to reduce the vassal status.
In 1399, King Zhu Di of Yan raised an army in the name of "Qing Jun Side", and his troops were called "Jingnan Army". The history of this civil war was called "Jingnan Battle".Three years later, Yan Jun captured the capital Yingtian. Emperor Jianwen did not know the travelers.
36. Zheng He went down to the West
Ming Chengzu Zhu Xi to send eunuch Zheng and Qi to the West. In nearly 30 years from 1405 to 1431, Zheng He went to the sea seven times, to more than 30 countries in the Indian Ocean, and reached Africa as far as Africa. Essence
‘37. Curdy Change
in 1449 AD, the tile thorn master also repeatedly invaded the Daming border. The ministers recommended his brother Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne.
Jingdi Li Lord's Anti -Japanese War, appointed Yu Qian responsible for command and defending Beijing, and achieved victory. The "Beijing Defense War" occupies an important position in the history of the Ming Dynasty and in the history of China.
38. Donglin Party
official Gu Xiancheng at the end of the Ming Dynasty, Gu Xiancheng, dismissed to Wuxi and repaired the establishment of Donglin Academy. The center is called "Donglin Party".
HTML was persecuted after the party, and the leaders of the Donglin party were arrested. After the Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Youjian had punished the party.39. In 1644,
was entered. In 1644, Wu Sangui quoted the Qing Dynasty to enter the customs. At the same time, Nanming Fuwang , Lu Wang , Tang Wang, Gui Wang and other anti -Qing regimes were established. In 1645,
, the Qing soldiers swollen southward, and was stubbornly resisting by the Ming Dynasty general history. But because of the widow, Yangzhou fell. In May, the Qing soldiers captured Nanjing, and the Hongguang regime was destroyed. For more than 20 years, the Qing court finally completely calmed down the resistance.
40. San Francisco's chaos
After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the Ming Dynasty descending the largest contribution in the Qing Dynasty will include Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi, Wu Sangui, etc. After the Qing court settled in the south, Wu Sangui guarded Yunnan and Shang Kexi to guard the grandson of Guangdong and Geng Zhongming Geng Jingzhong to keep Fujian.
In November 1673, Emperor Kangxi cut off the vassal. Wu Sangui, Shang Kexi, Geng Jingzhong's Three Francisco chaos. In 1681 AD, Emperor Kangxi settled the Three French chaos, and the Qing court established a stable dynasty rule.
