Preface
In the early morning of May 4, 1928, it was sunny. Chiang Kai-shek , who had finished bathing and changing clothes, sat at his desk and began his routine morning classes (reading books and writing diaries).
Lao Jiang first read the newspaper and felt uneasy. An incident that happened in Jinan City yesterday really made him angry.
I couldn't stand the newspaper, so I had to pick up a pen and start writing a diary.
"The only way to dissuade the angry soldiers and civilians is to dissuade them...their various provocative and insulting behaviors are very uncomfortable, so be careful..."
After writing this, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly stood up and cursed "Mother Xipi" several times in a row. (Chiang Kai-shek’s catchphrase is a slang for swearing in his hometown in Zhejiang).
"These Japanese people are so vicious. They actually committed such atrocities and killed our government's diplomats . They simply don't take me seriously."
"The Japanese killed Chinese diplomats." What's going on?
actually made Chiang Kai-shek, who was a master of "appearance skills", so angry.
Picture | Young Chiang Kai-shek
1. The "May 3 Massacre"
that shocked China and foreign countries. In February 1928, Chiang Kai-shek joined forces with Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, and Guangxi Li Zongren to launch a war against the Northeast Army Zhang Zuolin.
In April 1928, Chiang Kai-shek established the National Government in Nanjing. Under the banner of Mr. Sun Yat-sen's legacy, he and "rebellious general" Feng Yuxiang marched north from Jinpu Road and Pinghan Road respectively.
As a result, both sides suffered casualties. Zhang Zuolin withdrew outside the customs and was killed by the Japanese Kwantung Army on the way. This is the famous "Second Northern Expedition" event in modern Chinese history.
Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang are both "human spirits", and they always have the right target.
The National Government established by Chiang Kai-shek was backed by the assistance of the United States and Britain, and Feng Yuxiang was inextricably linked to the Soviets.
The reason why the two hit it off and launched the Northern Expedition was that they wanted to unify the Republic of China and safeguard the interests of foreign forces in China.
The Japanese invaders didn't think so. As early as July 1927, the then Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi sent a memorial to Emperor Hirohito, clearly stating that - the unification of China would be detrimental to the Empire of Japan.
If Japan wants to conquer the world, it must first win over China. Monolithic China is difficult to deal with, so it is better to continue to divide it, so that the Japanese can seize more benefits.
In this case, Chiang Kai-shek and Feng Yuxiang were preparing to unify China, but the Japanese stood up to sing the opposite and secretly funded Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang .
They mobilized heavy troops and vowed to severely attack the Northern Expeditionary Army in Caozhou, Jining, Qingdao, and Jinan areas. After receiving the order from the Japanese,
Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang did not dare to neglect, and quickly mobilized heavy troops to stay near Caozhou , Jinan, Dezhou .
When the leading troops of the Northern Expeditionary Army arrived in Jining, they encountered stubborn resistance from Sun and Zhang.
Sun Liangcheng, the commander-in-chief of the Northern Expeditionary Army, did not take these two men seriously at all. He commanded the troops to concentrate and attack Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang with all their strength.
Sun Liangcheng knew very well - Sun and Zhang were never determined to fight to the death. Once the troops were frustrated and suffered heavy casualties, they would immediately withdraw from the battle and would not fight the Northern Expedition.
After Sun Liangcheng commanded his troops to fight several tough battles with Sun and Zhang, they successfully captured Jinan, forcing Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang to retreat to the north of Dezhou.
If the two of them retreat, they will hand over central and southern Shandong to the Northern Expeditionary Army. Now the Japanese cannot sit still.
At that time, the morale of the Northern Expeditionary Army was at its peak, and they had the momentum to unify the country.
We must not let them continue. Since the Chinese are so useless, then we should simply go into battle naked.
Picture | The Second Northern Expedition The National Government’s Peaceful Acceptance of Beijing
In early May 1928, a large number of Japanese troops stationed along the Jiaoji Railway . The United Kingdom and the United States were puzzled and asked the Japanese envoy to China what the purpose of this move was. The answer
got was - There are many Japanese expatriates living in Jinan and Qingdao. In order to protect its compatriots, Japan is not allowed to send troops to Shandong.
This is the Japanese rhetoric, and the ghosts are connected. Britain and the United States do not believe it.
Japanese troops to enter Jinan will inevitably be connected to the Northern Expeditionary Force.
was a member of the National Army's Warfield Government Affairs Commissioner and Director of the Foreign Affairs Office, and he studied in Japan. He was proficient in Japanese and well -known. Chiang Kai -shek sent him to Shandong and was responsible for negotiating with the Japanese consulate in Jinan.
Old Jiang Tianzheng believes that although Japanese people are fierce, as long as the Northern Expeditionary Army resolutely dealt with them, it will definitely achieve a complete result. After
led the staff to Jinan when Cai Gong led the staff, the development of the situation was unexpected. On the morning of May 1, 1928,
was led a guard class to find a camping place with a head of the Northern Expedition Army and a major deputy of the Northern Expeditionary Army who was gathered in Jinan.
clashed with a group of armed Japanese forces on the road, and dozens of Northern Expeditionary officers and men were killed by the Japanese army.
HTML On May 2nd, the sixth division chief of the Japanese army, Futian Yan, to control the main roads in Jinan, set up roadblocks and bunkers, ordered soldiers to set up artillery, machine gun , and attacked the Jinan Kuomintang negotiation office.Cai Gongshi felt that the situation was wrong, and quickly called Chiang Kai -shek and Japanese Consulate to report the relevant situation.
Chiang Kai -shek does not intend to completely tear his face with the Japanese. " will be safe first". The primary goal of the National Army is to achieve unity. will make a hand to eliminate the Communist Party of China. In the future, it will definitely deal with the Japanese.
, then Chiang Kai -shek on the one hand to comfort Cai Gong, on the other hand, ordered Sun Liangcheng not to implement the excessive move. ( does not resist policy )
Japanese embassy and consulate in the Chinese country to Cai Gong's response is simple - does not know the Japanese army's armed operation in Jinan.
Cai Gongshi wanted to follow up, and the phone line was quickly cut off by the other party.
was in an urgent situation. Cai Gongshi gave up and continued to call, and hurriedly wrote three letters. These three letters were to Chiang Kai -shek, Huang Yan, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, and chairman of the Battlefield Committee.
is unfortunately intercepted by the Japanese army and did not pass it out. On the same day of
, more than 7,000 Northern Expeditions officers and soldiers took the initiative to surrender to the Japanese aggression.
made the Chinese army that fired out, like a group of lambs, and the Japanese army immediately launched a large -scale attack on Jinan to kill innocent civilians. From May 11, 1928, the Japanese army used aircraft, cannons, and heavy machine gun to fire to the Chinese and civilians.
Chiang Kai -shek ordered the Northern Expeditionary Army to withdraw from Jinan immediately, bypassing the north, and ordered the National Revolutionary Army to act as the commander of Jinan Weiyi, Su Zongzhi, "tolerance and abandoning Jinan."
Figure ｜ The Japanese invaded Japanese army
Northern Expedition left Jinan, and the Japanese army immediately slaughtered the Chinese people.
surveyed the Federation of the victims of the tragedy. In just one week, the Japanese army killed 6,123 Chinese military and civilians, injured more than 1,700 people, and the direct property loss reached 29.57 million yuan.
was started on May 3, 1928 because the Japanese army's large -scale massacre began. This tragedy was also called the "five -three tragedy", or " Jinan tragedy ".
Civil History experts said: "Five -Three Massacre" was another absurd atrocities that the Japanese army implemented by the Japanese civilians before the Nanjing Massacre.
2. He Huli, who is Cai Gong, can he escape?
was in the "five -three tragedy", when the Shandong special negotiator was appointed by Chiang Kai -shek, did he finally escape?
was born in Jiujiang, Jiangxi, and has a nickname "Tiger". During
, during the middle school, Cai Gongshi was in contact with new ideas, and was convinced that only the revolution could save China.
is good at Cai Gongshi, and has achieved great achievements on Wei Bei .
is nominally taught calligraphy for students, but it is actually promoting the revolution. After being reported by the villain, the book was checked. In 1902,
HTML left Jiangxi and went to Guangzhou to study.has no savings of Cai Gong, who is a poor scholar. Poor conditions in the family can not help them with funding. Shortly after
came to Guangzhou, Cai Gong, who was empty in his pocket, had to sell words for life.
In the winter of 1902, Guangzhou encountered extremely cold weather. The streets were deserted, and the vendors selling sugar and newspapers couldn't bear the cold and went home to keep warm. However, Cai Gongshi continued to sell letters.
After all, if he can't open today, he will be hungry all day. Compared with the cold weather, filling his stomach is more important.
When Cai Gongshi was bored, a well-dressed, middle-aged man with a short beard came to his stall and carefully looked at Cai Gongshi's calligraphy works.
As soon as he saw someone, Cai Gongshi hurriedly greeted the middle-aged man: "Sir, buy two. The price is not expensive, and it is valuable whether you give it away or keep it for yourself."
The middle-aged man said nothing. After a while, he said to Cai Gongshi: "I think you look like an educated man. These calligraphy are vigorous and powerful, and you must have worked hard.
图 | If Cai Gongshi
has such ability, why do you live on the street?"
Cai Gongshi, who has been setting up a stall for several months, did not expect anyone to ask him this.
In an instant, Cai Gongshi had mixed feelings: "Sir, if it weren't for financial constraints, who would be willing to be in public all day long and make a living by changing words?"
Then do you want to continue selling words? Or further study and contribute to the Chinese compatriots in the future?
Cai Gongshi blurted out without even thinking: "I am willing to continue studying, and I will not hesitate to sacrifice my life for revolutionary work." "
Well, you close the stall, I will give you a contact information, and we will contact you in three days."
said so lively, who is this well-dressed middle-aged man? He is Mr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of China's modern revolution.
Sun Yat-sen cherished talents and felt that Cai Gongshi was a talent that could be developed, so he funded his trip to Japan to study.
Influenced by Sun Yat-sen, Cai Gongshi joined the " Alliance " while studying at Tokyo Imperial University. After
returned to China after graduation, he often accompanied Dr. Sun Yat-sen and grew into a staunch revolutionary.
In 1908, Cai Gongshi, Tan Shiping and Huang Xing launched the "Qinzhou Uprising";
At the end of 1911, Cai Gongshi participated in the " Xinhai Revolution" and served as the director of the Transportation Department of the Jiangxi Provincial Government.
In 1913, after the " war against Yuan " failed, Cai Gongshi went into exile in Japan with Sun Yat-sen.
Because Cai Gongshi spoke excellent Japanese, when he made his second trip to Japan, Sun Yat-sen delegated power to Cai Gongshi to handle all matters related to Japan.
In March 1916, Cai Gongshi and Sun Yat-sen returned to Shanghai and continued to organize the "challenge against Yuan". During the
period, Cai Gongshi founded the National University of Beiping in Peking.
Until After the collapse of Yuan Shikai , Cai Gongshi always followed Sun Yat-sen firmly.
In 1920, Cai Gongshi, who was rarely free, visited his hometown again. He came to the tombstone of the "Seventy-two Martyrs of Huanghuagang" and wrote a seven-rhythm poem.
There is a sentence : "The blood of a hero is as good as the cuckoo . Don't make a mistake if you are not loyal," has been passed down to this day.
In 1924, Mr. Sun Yat-sen suddenly fell seriously ill. When the illness was serious, he could not even move freely. Cai Gongshi was always by his side, just like serving his own father, and he fulfilled his filial piety for Mr. Sun Yat-sen's only son Sun Ke.
On his deathbed in 1925, Mr. Sun Yat-sen told Cai Gongshi and other close associates to adhere to the " Three People's Principles " and persist in the revolution.
After Dr. Sun Yat-sen died of illness, Chiang Kai-shek stole the fruits of victory and nominally inherited his legacy, but in fact he had hidden evil intentions.
Although Cai Gongshi, who had a sense of justice, despised Chiang Kai-shek's despicable behavior, he had no choice but to continue to stay in the National Government and safeguard the "legacy" of Mr. Sun Yat-sen.
Picture | Cai Gongshi and members of the Commissioner's Office
Lao Chiang was a master of wielding power. He supported his cronies and assigned "old people" like Cai Gongshi to unimportant departments.
Going round and round, the time came to 1928, when the Nationalist Government just established in Nanjing carried out the second Northern Expedition. At the beginning of the
campaign, because the Japanese did not intervene, the Northern Expeditionary Army achieved consecutive victories.At the end of April 1928, the Japanese army suddenly entered Jinan and Qingdao. Cai Gong, then Director of the Director of the Foreign Affairs Office of the Battlefield of the Battlefield, quickly set off from Xuzhou , going to Jinan to negotiate with Japan to Japan. Before the departure of
, Cai Gongshi said to Chiang Kai -shek: "This time, the Japanese must make trouble with us. If the Northern Expeditionary Army retired repeatedly, the Japanese will definitely be even more fierce. We must take out the spirit of the revolution to deal with them. "
Chiang Kai -shek can not be :" As long as you fulfill the duties of diplomats, you will not be humiliated.
HTML arranged a number of positions in Jinan City on the 2nd. passed , , via Er Road , Weili Road , Weisan Road ; In the defensive area, there is a great meaning of occupying Jinan. On the morning of May 3, HTML entered the Shandong negotiation office located at No. 370, No. 370 of Jingwei Sixth Road, Jinan Jing, Jinan.has a staff member of : "The Japanese seem to be a bit afraid of Sun Yat -sen. Mr. Cai can hang Mr. Sun's portrait on the front wall of the negotiation office."
Cai Gongshi followed the photo. After
finished the relevant miscellaneous things, Cai Gongshi was about to negotiate with the Japanese consulate in Jinan, but a gun was suddenly came outside the courtyard wall.
opens the courtyard door, and there are Japanese soldiers and plainclothes teams on the road. Seeing this scene in
, Cai Gongshi had to call the Japanese consul in Jinan in Jinan.
asked three asks one by one, and refused to recognize the Japanese army occupying Jinan, and then hung up the phone. When
was called again, Cai Gong found that the telephone line of the negotiation office was cut off by the enemy.
staff wanted to buy food and buy food on the street, and was shot back by the Japanese army.
until 4:00 pm on the same day, Cai Gongshi and the office staff were thirsty and hungry. More than 220 Japanese troops in
HTML discovered unknown corpses abroad, and forcibly broke into the office and surrounded the front and rear gangs without allowing anyone to enter and exit. HTML was 9:00 on the evening of May 3, and more than 50 Japanese troops broke into the negotiation office to cut the light line.Tsai Gongshi told them in Japanese : "Who do you see who is hanging on the wall!" Mr. portrait, forcibly searched and took away Many confidential files.
Cai Gongshi continued to use Japanese to conduct theory to the Japanese army, saying that they seriously violated the treaty of international public law. Before
, Cai Gongshi and the office staff were tied up by the Japanese army, and his face was crackling. At this time,
suddenly realized that the Japanese troops of did not make sense at all, and they were completely dead. "
followed by, a Japanese soldier reads the killing command issued by the Sixth Division of the Japanese Army.
excuses is that Cai Gongshi is not a diplomat at all. Htmml5
Cai Gongshi was still unpalatable. He turned his head to say to the accompanying staff : "Japanese soldiers took off all our clothes, and we only went to death. "
see that his life is not guaranteed. Cai Gongshi put down the so -called literati shelf. He immediately cursed:" , "You robbers are almost beasts, I now represent all Chinese people scolding you, even Jiang Jieshi is not a good thing ..." After speaking, Cai Gongshi's tongue was cut off by the Japanese soldiers. To cover up the crimes, the Japanese army burned the negotiation office. Time does not exceed 15 hours.
was not because the old Jiang was sorry for Cai Gong's sacrifice. Instead, blame the Northern Expeditionary forces that did not evacuate in time, causing the "Japanese adults" to be angry and let his reputation sweep the floor.
is hard to imagine that Chiang Kai -shek, the leader of Nanjing National Government , broke out after the "five -three tragedy", and all the crimes of Japanese violence were pushed to the Northern Expedition.
has such a leader, can the country be killed?
3. Cai Gong's sacrifice is strong. How does his family fall?
According to the memory of the survivor Zhang Hanru, Cai Gong was horrible when he sacrificed. On May 4, 1928,
, Zhang Hanru, who hid in the sewer one night, got a pushing fellow help, bypass the Japanese defense line, and finally escaped Jinan City.
Zhang Hanru disregarded his pain and ran in the East China Official Office to report in detail the situation when Cai Gong was killed.
Figure ｜ Cai Gong's daughter Cai Jinming (wheelchair)
at Right Ren Ren Ren Ren and Cai Gong's time with Mo Shi, he often learned calligraphy together.
When he heard Cai Gong's sacrifice, Yu You Ren immediately wrote: "This hate, this shame, the blood below Taishan has not stopped."
Chinese Painting Master created huge oil paintings for Cai Gong when he was killed. However,
, Zhang Hanru believes that the priority is not to investigate who is right, but to grab the remains of these dozen martyrs.
has been occupied by the Japanese because of Jinan, and if he wants to take it back to Cai Gongshi and others, he must negotiate through diplomatic methods. Although this is the case in
, it is easy to deal with the Japanese army with ambitious wolf. Two years later,
years later, on June 25, 1930, Cai Gong's widow rushed to Jinan from Shanghai to work with the then
.June 29, 1930, the Japanese embassy and consulate in Japan agreed to converge the legacy where Mrs. Cai was killed when she was in Cai Gong.
He Siyuan accompanied Mrs. Cai to the original Shandong Negotiation Office for on -site excavation, and found that some martyrs' bones were left.
's bones were burned, obviously the Japanese army wanted to destroy the corpse. Mrs. Tsai,
, found a large suitcase to put all the bones together and transported them back to the basement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Nanjing. When the time was mature, a memorial service was held for the sacrificed diplomats.
1931 " September 18th Incident " broke out, and the Japanese army opened the prelude to the war of aggression against China. The
country will not be country. The National Government uses its energy to deal with the Communist Party. After
was settled in
in , Cai Gong's later generations suddenly discovered that the box of martyrs who collected in the basement of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the National Government Flying Flying, there is no clue to this day. After the founding ofNew China, the Jiujiang Municipal Party Committee of Jiangxi Province has established a Martyrs Martyrs with Cai Gongshi in Gantang Park . The relevant departments of
Jinan set up Huaiyin District No. 370 of Huaiyin District to Cai Gongshi Memorial .
finished the matter behind the martyrs of Cai Gongshi. What kind of encounters does a pair of children have? When
sacrificed Cai Gongshi, his son Cai Jin Ren was just seven years old.
Cai Gongshi's daughter was born with severe gastrointestinal disease after birth, and was forced to be helpless. Mrs. Cai considered repeatedly and entrusted her daughter to TCM Char Chi Chi. The
Charchi family seemed to be like this little girl, and naturally she would not reveal that she was the true identity of Cai Gong's relics.
later, the Charchi family lived in Tianjin, Jiangsu and other places. The daughter of the martyrs was named Cha Xuetin. In 1993,
HTML was transferred to work with her husband with her husband, and returned to the place where his biological father was killed. Around, Cha Xuetin learned that he was born and took the initiative to rename Cai Jinming. In her opinion, called me when my father Cai Gong called me, and let me come to Jinan and must change the name. In the same year,
, Cai Jinming went to his hometown of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. For the first time, he met with his brother Cai Jin Ren. His brothers and sisters have always maintained frequent contacts.
, May 3, 2012, the 84th anniversary of the "Five -Three Tragedy" in Jinan, is also the opening ceremony of the Cai Gongshi Memorial Hall. The 92 -year -old Cai Jinren and the 86 -year -old sister Cai Jinming reunited in Jinan.
Figure ｜ The son of Cai Gongshi, Cai Jinren,
. Today, Cai Jinming and Cai Jin Ren Renzhitang have a happy life, enough to comfort the spirit of the martyrs in Cai Gong.
concluded
since ancient times, and the two armies have been fighting.
Poor and Very Evil Japanese Army regards any moral bottom line and international law.
uses extremely cruel means to kill Chinese diplomat Cai Gong.
This is not only a shame, but also contempt for China.
has no diplomatic country.
can not be bullied only by making yourself stronger. The blood of the revolutionary martyrs such as
Cai Gongshi will not flow in vain, and the spirit of the hero will always inspire future generations to move forward.
References:
[1] "First person in diplomatic history" Cai Gongshi's life, author Kang Peng, party history
[2] Cai Gongshi: The first person in Chinese diplomacy history, author Chen Ju Hui Wang Miao, Government Legal System 18, 2010.
