in 1988, with the gap between China and the Soviet Union, the gap between China and the Soviet Union was gradually eliminated. The Cambodia problem that had been in trouble for a long time had a solution. Illumination.
's Foreign Minister went to a talks in an advance. The talks broke the long -frozen diplomatic relations between the two sides.
But in this talk, for some key issues between the two parties, the Soviet side did not give a clear answer, and the relationship between the two parties has not fully returned to normal.
thus, Gorbachev announced in 1989 that it will be visited in China in the near future and directly meet the Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.
In view of the previous talks, the results of the talks are not very ideal. Therefore, how to deal with Gorbachev's visit to China has become a very important issue. When
was prepared for everyone for the leaders of both sides, Deng Xiaoping made a request that everyone was very surprised.
Deng Xiaoping
This requirement is that it is not valued by Soviet leaders.
But after Deng Xiaoping's request to give him his own explanation, everyone who had previously held skeptical attitudes was suddenly cheerful. What are the requirements for
Deng Xiaoping? What about Gorbachev's visit to China this time?
's melting strong ice
20 in the world in the early 1960s, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union, which has always been very friendly, has gradually deteriorated because of the differences between political parties. With the breakdown of the relationship between the two countries, the
was stationed in a large number of troops in the border area of our country, which directly affected my country's security. In 1969, the Treasure Island incident broke out, and the hot conflict broke out for the first time. Relations between the two countries have entered an unprecedented tension.
In the 1970s, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan , and provided military assistance for Vietnam to aggressive Cambodia. These two actions directly threatened the security of my country, and the " three major obstacles " between the Sino -Soviet relations with the Soviet Union on the border was also known as the Sino -Soviet relations.
Gorbachev
This hostile atmosphere between China and the Soviet Union knows that it has been eased in the 1980s. After Gorbachev came to power, he adjusted his strategy. In 1986, Gorbachev announced that he agreed to evacuate most of the Soviet Union's army on the Sino -Soviet border and Afghanistan, and soon evacuated the army stationed in Vietnam.
this move made the two countries see the dawn of normalization.
, in order to completely solve these "three major obstacles", China and the Soviet Union decided to conduct mutual visits, and the first interoperability was the leader of the Foreign Minister of the two countries. The task of
naturally fell on the then Foreign Minister Qian Qichen .
On December 1, 1988, in the ice and snow, an aircraft landed slowly at the airport of Moscow. The figure of the
aircraft's outlet is Qian Qichen, then a Chinese Foreign Minister.
was more than thirty years, and he set foot on this magnificent and heavy land again. For this meeting, Qian Qichen attached great importance to it.
Qian Qichen
was the second day when Qian Qichen arrived in Moscow.
is at this time Gorbachev is vigorously promoting its own reform measures, intending to make the Soviet Union get rid of the predicament as soon as possible. At this time, Eastern Europe had a precursor of turbulence, but Gorbachev did not show concern. He is confident and can maintain the unity of the Soviet Union. In the relationship between Sumei and Suzhong, also showed a trend of ease.
Therefore, Gorbachev at this time seemed to be proud of the spring breeze. In the conversation with Qian Qichen, Gorbachev acknowledged that " Soviet side also had wrong ".
Qian Qichen could hear that when Gorbachev said this, he was in the heart and thoughtfully. When visiting China, Qian Qichen officially invited him to visit China to express his eager welcome to him. In this talks,
also discussed key issues with Gorbachev, of which the most important Cambodian issues reached some consensus. Before
, the Soviet Union provided military assistance for Vietnam, and wanted to rely on Vietnam to establish the Indian branch federal in Cambodia's blow, and then played a role in restraining China.
not long ago, the Soviet Union had agreed with Vietnam to withdraw troops from Cambodia, but there were still some leftover problems in Cambodia that failed to solve. In this talk, the Soviet side still failed to make a clear answer to these issues.
Shevaldner
The problem solved by this talk is still floating on the surface. If the relationship between China and the Soviet Union becomes normal, this degree is not enough. Two months after
, the Soviet Union's Foreign Minister Shevaldner also visited China and met with Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. In this talks in
, Deng Xiaoping proposed eight voiced characters: " ends the past and opens the future ." Deng Xiaoping has a sincere attitude and wants to solve the problems between the two countries as much as possible. However, Shevarda did not buy it. He only showed that Gorbachev's visit to China had been set on May 15, 1989. The key Cambodian issue was still deliberately pushed away and avoided it.
has not been able to hide Deng Xiaoping's eyes, but Deng Xiaoping understands that the Sino -Soviet relations are returning to normal. This difficult task is not a Foreign Minister who can fully determine. A few months later Gorbachev's visit to China.
Deng Xiaoping's request
Considering that Gorbachev will visit three months later, the time is urgent. After sending away Schwardner, the upcoming Gorbachev's visit to China will conduct it. Stress preparation. During the busy preparation process of
, Deng Xiaoping put forward a request that everyone had never thought about before.
He requires that in this meeting, he must arrange two points: is between the Communist Party of China and the Soviet Party Central Committee. No matter what form, the word "comrades" must be called. The second is that after the two sides meet, they only shake hands and do not embrace . Many people in
expressed puzzles for Deng Xiaoping's request and believed that these two points were rude. For Gorbachev, foreign leaders are commensurate with "president", and embrace is also a measure that International Etiquette is used to express eagerly welcome.
Deng Xiaoping explained his intentions, and everyone understood his good intentions.
First, when the Chinese revolution has not yet won, the title between the leaders of the Chinese and Soviet parties has begun to use "comrades". In the short period of time after the founding of New China, the Soviet Union used to be strategically considered to avoid being subject to some Western West. The country's slander, claiming that Chairman Mao was "Mr.", and signed the " China -Soviet Friendship Alliance Mutual Assistance Treaty ", and changed back to the "comrade". Since then, the word "comrades" has become a friendly name between China and the Soviet Union since then. However, after the deterioration of Sino -Soviet relations, the term "comrades" became very sensitive, and the frequency of use was greatly reduced.
Now Gorbachev's visit to China, the "comrade" is re -used, which can reflect China's attention to the recovery of relations between the two countries.
is the second point. It is also very particular about handshake and hug. Deng Xiaoping believes that this is not a simple interest issue, but also highlights the strong political color.
"only shook hands, not hug."This is not just a kind of behavior that looks on the surface. More importantly, expresses the positioning that should have the relationship between China and the Soviet Union in the future: friendly cooperation, goodwill communication, but at the same time reject all alliances, there must be one. Clear boundary. Gorbachev was very excited after
arrived in Beijing. There is a saying that "Bai Wen is not as good as seeing '. I have made the achievements of China's development in China, and finally I can finally see' at first sight! "
Deng Xiaoping learned the news of Gorbachev's arrival in Beijing, and also provided him with considerable specifications of courtesy. He sent someone to bring him the results of the development of Beijing City over the years.
was 9:30 morning in the morning. Deng Xiaoping arrived at the Great Hall early. Soon after, he will meet the upcoming Gorbachev. There is no more words outside. In the whole, the door was pushed away, and the appearance of the door was Gorbachev, who had a warm smile on his face. Together, it was 35 seconds. " We still have to end the past and open up the future. We are conversations rather than debate, and we can talk about each other, but we always have to explain for all the past matters. "
Gorbachev nodded and expressed its recognition. After reaching this point at this point, Deng Xiaoping took the lead in opening the opening. Shi, and Gorbachev also showed his interest in this, always listening to
, Deng Xiaoping made a summary. After the Chinese people were humiliated. After Tsarist Russia was destroyed, the Soviet Union continued the benefits of Tsarist Russia in China. What has to be admitted is that both sides spoke a lot of empty words. Now we don't think all we do is correct. "
subsequently, Deng Xiaoping told Gorbachev again:" has an old saying in China, "Don't go to the past, the person who knows the comer will let him pass, as I said today, today we are talking about today To end the past, focus on the future. "
Gorbachev heard Deng Xiaoping's words, and expressed high praise and admiration for Deng Xiaoping's spirit of seeking truth from facts. At the same time, he also acknowledged that in the Sino -Soviet argument in the 1960s, the Soviet Union had irrational places in the Soviet Union. . Under the infection of Deng Xiaoping's speech, the atmosphere of the talks was not as tight as others expected. Socialism and the development of Marxism.
In Deng Xiaoping's point of view, socialism should not be in accordance with the rules, and must be based on their own conditions to build socialism. This is what Deng Xiaoping has always done. To Gorbachev, I also hope that Gorbachev can understand this in time and re -examine the Soviet socialist path.After all, Gorbachev, as a junior, is inevitable that the deviation in the construction of socialism is inevitable.
is just Deng Xiaoping does not want to see the Soviet Union, a socialist country, goes further and further on the wrong road. At this critical moment, hopes that this passage can give Gorbachev the problem of building socialism. Inspired .
, but later it turns out that Gorbachev did not fully appreciate the deep meaning of Deng Xiaoping's words. The entire interview process of
lasted two and a half hours, and it was more than half an hour of for up to two hours. Such a long leader directly talks in our country's diplomatic history is very rare.
In the whole talk, Gorbachev, as a younger, respects Deng Xiaoping very much. When Deng Xiaoping spoke, he often nodded with him, and proposed some slightly sensitive negative topics in Deng Xiaoping. For example, when the Soviet Union's inheritance of the interests of Tsarist Russia in China, Gorbachev also said: the Soviet Union has different parties in the Soviet Union. Opinions, but will not argue today.
was in front of Deng Xiaoping. Gorbachev tried his best to record every sentence that Deng Xiaoping said, like a virtuous student. During the entire conversation of
, the content of the impromptu speech of Deng Xiaoping has a magnificent feeling, showing an extraordinary strategic vision. And the continuous quotation of the scriptures, its profound knowledge made Gorbachev's heart secretly admire.
In this conversation, Gorbachev's response can be summarized as three points: for Deng Xiaoping's words, the Soviet side holds part of the different opinions, but the reserves and Soviet side bear the problems between the two countries. Responsibility, agree to end the past, and abandon the former suspect. This fully reflects Gorbachev's attitude towards the improvement of the relationship between the two countries. After
, Gorbachev's translator recalled the conversation, humorously said: " Gorbachev went to see Deng Xiaoping's !" Bargov specifically set up a banquet. At this banquet, the two sides talked further about some fine branches at the end of the quarter. Gorbachev's consideration of this visit to China. Soon after
, Gorbachev also ended the problems existing in the past in the past, as Deng Xiaoping said. There was no dilemma on China on the Cambodia issue, and the relationship between China and the Soviet Union also moved to normalization.
benefits from Deng Xiaoping's wise decision and superb conversation skills. This time, the talks between the leaders of China and the Soviet Union painted a strong stroke for the relief of Sino -Soviet relations.
