"Those who win Jingzhou win the world", probing into the history of competition for Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period

荀彧字文若

In addition, according to the "Three Kingdoms: Guo Jia Biography", Cao Cao said this sentence to the court after Guo Jia's death:

……I also fear illnesses in many people, and there are epidemics in the south. It is often said that if I go to the south, I will not survive. However, if we discuss it together, the cloud is the first to decide. This is not only the loyalty of the plan, but also the desire to make merits and abandon fate. It's the heart of everyone, why make people forget it!

Although Guo Jia is not in good health, and there are plagues in the south, he often said that if he goes to the south, he may not be able to live back. But when discussing major events in the world, Guo Jia will say that the lord must first win Jingzhou. This is a desperate effort to come to us to do meritorious service, how can it be forgotten.

郭嘉字奉孝

And among the separatist forces at the end of the Han Dynasty, the first prince of to truly occupy Jingzhou is Liu Biao , and he has governed Jingzhou for 20 years, yes Jingzhou, Liu Biao has contributed.

Jingzhou under Liu Biao's governance

Liu Biao is the "clan of the imperial house", was once involved in the "danger of the party", was slandered as a crony, and was hunted down by a group of eunuchs. Fortunately, Liu Biao ran fast to escape. After the party ban was lifted, Liu Biao entered the court as an official. In the first year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty, Sun Jian, the prefect of Changsha, responded to the call of the "Kwantung Rebellion Army" to conquer Dong Zhuo. When he led his troops to Xiangyang, he killed Wang Rui, the governor of Jingzhou, and Jingzhou became a "land of no masters." The court sent Liu Biao to take over Jingzhou. Before Liu Biao took office, Jingzhou was not very peaceful at the time. The north of Jingzhou was in the hands of Yuan Shu, and the thieves in Jingzhou were prosperous. Liu Biao could not even reach the Jingzhou government office safely and on schedule. But at this time, Liu Biao showed great courage and wisdom.

First of all, in terms of courage, Liu Biao bravely rode into Yicheng (now Yicheng, Hubei Province) by himself.

At the same time, Liu Biao found two people, Kuai Yue and Cai Tao, both of them were local wealthy families in Jingzhou. Kuaiyue put forward a suggestion to Liu Biao: “The one who manages the peace first is righteous and righteous, and the one who manages the chaos first seeks power. If there are not many soldiers, it is valuable to win people.” Playing the banner of “benevolent governance and moral governance”, stabilize the political situation of Jingzhou. For Zong thief, it is necessary to "punish him for being innocent and show his talents", and then, if he is in the south of Jiangling and guarded in Xiangyang, the eight counties of Jingzhou will be stable. In this way, even if Yuan Shu comes to attack, it does not matter, we can even drive Yuan Shu out of Jingzhou. Of course, Liu Biao did this.

刘表字景升

In this way, Liu Biao succeeded in controlling the eight prefectures of Jingzhou and expanding the territory: "It is connected to Wuling Mountains to the south, Hanchuan to the north, thousands of miles, with A hundred thousand." Under Liu Biao's governance, Jingzhou area has gained peace for nearly two decades, and a large number of people from the Central Plains have taken refuge here, and it once became a piece of "paradise" in the chaos of the late Han Dynasty.

However, the tree wants to be quiet and the wind is more than . After Liu Biao stabilized Jingzhou, he only wanted to secure one-third acre of land in Jingzhou in the troubled times, "I want to protect Jianghan and see the world change." But what Liu Biao doesn't know is that there are two ways to defend , one is "holding the disabled" and the other is "offensive as defense" . In the troubled times, if only "holding the incompetence and defending the deficiency", there must be more people wanting to "replace it." Finally, in the 13th year of Jian'an, Sun Quan and Cao Cao attacked Jingzhou almost at the same time, and Liu Bei, who was living in Jingzhou, was also looking for opportunities to replace Liu Biao. For a while, Jingzhou became "the target of public criticism." Finally, in the 13th year of Jian'an, many forces concentrated on the land of Jingzhou.

赤壁之战

In the spring of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, at the suggestion of Huang Zu’s descending general Gan Ning, Sun Quan conquered Huang Zu for the third time, finally attacked Tu Xiakou, chased Huang Zu, and captured the Jingzhou area. Thousands of people returned, and of course, they also reported their "father-killing revenge."

On the other side, Cao Cao headed his army to the south, and he set off in July. In August, Liu Biao, herdsman in Jingzhou, died of illness. In September, Liu Biao's successor came down without fighting. Liu Bei had no choice but to retreat south (Liu Bei fled from Cao Cao to Liu Biao due to the exposure of the "clothes and belts" incident), Cao Cao ordered 5,000 elite cavalry, and pursued Liu Bei at a speed of 300 miles a day and night, and wanted to get rid of him. fast. The two sides fought close to Changbanpo, Danyang. Liu Bei defeated and left:

The first master abandoned his wife and rode away with Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and dozens of others. Cao Gong was greatly valued. "—— "Three Kingdoms".

Just as Liu Bei was at a loss, Lu Su from Soochow rushed to the Soochow to bring together Liu Bei and the Sun Quan alliance to reject Cao Cao. At the same time, Zhuge Liang went out of the mountain to assist Liu Bei and went to Soochow for negotiations ( UrgentNow, please be ordered to ask for help from General Sun). Sun Quan also, with the strong support of Lu Su and Zhou Yu, determined to unite Liu against Cao. Zhou Yu was sent as the front-line commander, led fifty thousand elite soldiers to join Liu Bei, and finally defeated Cao's army in Chibi and won the final victory in the battle of Chibi. Cao, Sun and Liu are divided into Jingzhou. Among them, Cao Cao occupies the two counties of Xiangyang and Nanyang; Sun Quan occupies Nanjun and Jiangxia; Liu Bei occupies the four counties of Wuling, Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang south of the Yangtze River, and Exian and Xiakou of Jiangxia .

Chibi’s Battle

Then, Liu Bei borrowed Jiangling from Sun Quan (of course, Liu Bei also surrendered Jiangxia and Changsha Han Changjun.), Liu Bei used Jingzhou as his base, moved west to Yizhou, and won Hanzhong. Eventually realize the "three pillars" situation. This situation of of course also caused great dissatisfaction with Sun Quan, which paved the way for many subsequent disputes and the breakdown of the relationship between Sun and Liu.

A.D. 215 Current Situation Picture

湘樊之战

In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an, in order to cooperate with Liu Bei's battle in Hanzhong, Guan Yu, a general who defended Jingzhou for Liu Beizhen , Sent troops from the southern county of Fangdi, and attacked Xiangyang and Fancheng occupied by the Caowei Group. The result of the battle was that Sun Quan’s side inserted a knife in the back, leading to the destruction of Guan Yu and the Liu Bei Group losing the entire strategic location of Jingzhou.

The Battle of Xiangfan

The Battle of Xiangfan occurred, was Guan Yu launched a wrong battle at the wrong time. After Liu Bei "borrowed" Jiangling, he used Liu Bei's strategic Jingzhou area as his base to attack Yizhou and then took Hanzhong. If Guan Yu takes Xiangyang and Fancheng, we can see through the map that the entire Yangtze River The upstream area is in the hands of Liu Bei. Yizhou has Shu Road, which is easy to defend and difficult to attack. The upper half of the middle reaches of Jingzhou is again controlled by Liu Bei. For Sun Quan, the threat was too great. This threat is that in the future, once the relations between the two countries become tense, the Shuhan side can go down the river and go straight to the establishment of the Soochow Administration (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province).

Jingzhou’s important strategic position

And Sun Quan was very upset about Liu Bei's "borrowing Jingzhou" , and asked Liu Bei to return to Jingzhou many times. This strategically important place, then steal it back, snatch it back, fight it back, in short, it must have an advantageous position. Therefore, when Guan Yu launched the "War of Xiangfan", Sun Quan chose to betray his allies, and "colluded" with their common enemy Cao Wei, and made a stab at Guan Yu (representing Shu Han).

Yiling-猇亭之战

The loss of Jingzhou is an unacceptable huge loss for Liu Bei, not to mention that the death of Guan Yu broke Liu Bei’s right arm, and the loss of Jingzhou is more important. This is to make Liu Bei Group’s strategic plan "Long Zhong Dui" impossible to implement or even bankrupt. Therefore, for Liu Bei, Jingzhou must take it back and avenge his dead brother by the way. As for the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Liu Bei's national effort to defeat Sun Quan was mainly to avenge Guan Yu. I think it's just the opposite. Liu Bei is also a politician first and foremost. A politician must pay attention to gains and losses in everything he does. The gains and losses of one city, one pool, one soldier and one soldier should not represent everything. Guan Yu is very important. Liu Bei and Guan Yu are brothers and sisters, but when Guan Yu was killed It was December 220, and the time when Liu Bei sent troops to defeat Wu was July 221. There was almost eight months between this period. Perhaps at first there was a real urge to avenge Guan Yu, but eight months’ time was enough to change one. The mood of a politician. Moreover, during this period, Liu Bei also called the emperor and became the emperor, so he shouldn't pay too much attention to loyalty when doing things. Therefore, the battle between Yiling and Xiaoting was a battle launched by Liu Bei to recapture Jingzhou.

Battle of Yiling battle picture

Just, under the command of Liu Bei's mistakes and mistakes , the army of the Shu Han army was at the Three Gorges in Yiling and was taken by Sun Wu On the other hand, Lu Xun used the method of "burning even seven hundred miles"After the defeat, the Shu Han completely lost Jingzhou and also lost the opportunity to dominate the world.

火烧连营

三家归晋

The last country of the Three Kingdoms to perish was the State of Wu. In 279 (the third year of the Tianji), Emperor Wu of Jin ordered the army to be divided into six groups. Brute force against Wu. Sima Ni and other six generals attacked the outer areas of Jianye, Liuhe and Dangtu, and the important towns of Wuchang, Xiakou, and Jiangling in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; Wang Jun and Tang Bin led the navy forces obtained after the extermination of Shu and flowed down from Shu. Going eastward, he followed the same route as Liu Bei's defeat of Wu. But at this time, Sun Wu no longer had the courage of the past, eccentric, neglected, and without unified countermeasures, Yiling was captured by the Jin army. After the Dongwu government failed steadily, the lower reaches of Jingzhou had no danger to defend. Wang Jun almost unscrupulously drove from Wuchang along the Yangtze River to Jianye. Wu Emperor Sun Hao saw that the situation was gone and surrendered himself. The Western Jin Dynasty thus completed the Eastern Expedition that Liu Bei failed to achieve.

Schematic diagram of the battle between Jin and Wu.

In fact, before this, Lu Xun’s son Lu Kang repeatedly stated to Sun Hao the importance of the upper reaches of Jingzhou, and suggested strengthening the upper reaches of Jingzhou, especially Defense of Yiling Section. However, the subjugation of the country has its own principles, and Sun Hao ignored the advice and eventually led to the destruction of Wu.

Conclusion

From Liu Biao's administration of Jingzhou to the return of Sanjia to Jin, Jingzhou has witnessed almost half of the history of the Three Kingdoms, and Jingzhou has always affected the changes of the Three Kingdoms . The magnificent history is like the rolling Yangtze River, and it is gone forever. The various events in history can be remembered by history, eulogized by future generations, and even become gossip about fishermen and woodsmen.