As the Qing Dynasty, which also ruled China by ethnic minorities, why did the Han , who had at that time, ruled by the Manchu , which had only , for 276 years?
Reason 1: Manchu actively integrates into the Han nationality and learns the Han culture
After Qing Taizong Huang Taiji After ascended the throne, he promulgated the "Manchu and Han Family Familiar Residence Order" , requiring Manchu and Han to be one , treating it without any difference, and liberated the Han serfs at that time, restored their freedom, and alleviated the ethnic conflicts between the Manchu and Han.
Since the early days of the Qing Dynasty , all the promulgated documents were also written in Chinese and Manchu. From this we can see that the Qing government had taken into account the issue of national unity at the beginning of its establishment.
During the reign of Kangxi , Kangxi began to promote Confucian culture theory, and some classic Chinese culture theories. These things that represent the traditional Han culture are also regarded as compulsory courses for the Manchus.
At that time, the prince needed to study these courses. During the Qianlong period, Qianlong often wore Hanfu in the palace to learn Han culture.
And at that time, Manchu basically spoke Chinese, but Manchu gradually became written words that only stayed on the book.
In the late Qing Dynasty, basically used Chinese , and even Chinese characters were written during diplomacy. The famous Manchu and Han banquet is also a banquet created to integrate the different food cultures between the two ethnic groups.
Reason 2: Brainwashing culture, thoughts are bound by
In the Qing Dynasty imperial examination system, 8-part essay was adopted, so that students who have won the exam will study the Four Books and Five Classics, and learn Confucianism , so that students can respect Confucianism and imitate the way Confucius and Mencius speak to write articles.
Therefore, all people in the world are constrained in Confucianism and cannot receive updates. More advanced knowledge and culture will form a management system that is too pedantic to in the long run.
From top to bottom, it forms a closed thought . People believe that only by respecting the king and patriotism can the country last for a long time. Over time, the Han people gradually forget that they are actually under the rule of ethnic minorities.
There were serious literary because in many places at that time, it was still full of anti-Qing and restoring the Ming .
Because Ming Dynasty belongs to a dynasty under the rule of the Han people, some Han people do not agree with the ruling status of the Qing government. Many people under the banner of anti-Qing and restoring the Ming Dynasty wanted to gather the strength of the masses to overthrow the ruling status of the Qing government.
In order to suppress people with such ideas, the Qing government promulgated literary inquisitions, suppressing some of the intellectuals who played a leading role, and not allowing any relevant remarks in society that violated the rule of the Qing government.
Although this approach is very effective for people who fight against the "anti-Qing and restoring Ming Dynasty", it also to a certain extent bound the thoughts of the people of the Qing Dynasty .
Reason 3: Allow Han people to participate in the political system
During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolian rulers divided the people of the Yuan Dynasty into hierarchy system, and they divided people into four levels .
Mongolians regarded it as supreme, and Semin people followed by Han people, and finally Southern people . Among them, most of the Han and Southerners were Han people, which shows that the Han people's status in the Yuan Dynasty was at the bottom.
The rulers of the Yuan Dynasty treated the Han people as slaves, not to mention that they would let the Han people participate in the governance of the country, and the Qing Dynasty learned from the lessons of the Yuan Dynasty.
In order to avoid rebellion caused by ethnic issues, although the Qing emperors also believed that the Manchus had the highest status, they were still relatively open-minded and fair in political management.
The Qing Dynasty regarded the people of the world as one, allowed the Han people to participate in imperial examination system , allowing the Han people to study hard for several years, be able to obtain fame and honor, enter the court to become officials, and then change their destiny for life.
Reason 4: The Qing Dynasty's excellent combat capabilities
As early as before the Qing army entered Shanhaiguan, Nurhaci knew the importance of the military's combat capabilities, so he began to strengthen the military's combat strength and implement a strict reward and punishment mechanism. Those who violated the orders were beheaded at the worst to restrain the army.
, and Nurhaci also continuously strengthened the equipment in the army, subdivided the military branches, infantry holding swords and guns, archers shooting long-range archery, cavalry fighting on horseback, etc. They each perform their duties and fight in all aspects.
It is precisely this way that the Manchu army can have such strong combat capabilities, and the Manchus can firmly grasp the rule in their hands.
In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, men needed to remove all hair on their foreheads, leaving only the second half of the hair, and they needed to combed all their hair into braids.
The reason for dressing like this is because in the past, people were fighting on horseback. If there was hair on the forehead or the hair was too long and blocking the view, it would be inconvenient to fight, so it gradually evolved into this type of dress.
Although the Qing Dynasty rulers advocated Han culture, they also wanted to ensure their dominance. The Qing government also required the people to shave their foreheads, combed their hair, and through compulsory means, they required the Han people to comply with the customs and habits of the Manchus. They said that "Leave your head but not your hair, and leave your hair but not your hair" .
and even during the 1911 period, people were asked to cut off their braids. Many people were reluctant to cut off their braids, for fear that their heads would be beheaded after cutting them. It can be seen how much impact the Qing Dynasty "shaving" had on the Han people, and the psychological shadow area was quite large.
However, under the governance of the Qing Dynasty Kangxi and Qianlong prosperous times, the people lived and worked in peace and life happily. is also beneficial to national development. Therefore, the Han people will not destroy the status quo, nor will they initiate resistance due to national reasons.
