10. The Battle of Yashan
In 1279 (to the 16th year of the Yuan Dynasty), the Yuan army destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty at the Battle of Yashan, ending the long-term war. The Battle of Yashan, also known as the Battle of Yamen, the Battle of Yamen, the Battle of Yashan, the Yamen Naval Battle of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, etc., was fought between the Song Dynasty army and the Mongolian army in Yashan in 1279 (the second year of Xiangxing in the Southern Song Dynasty and the sixteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty). The large-scale naval battle was also a rare naval battle in ancient China.
The Battle of Yashan is directly related to the survival of the Southern Song Dynasty, so it is also a decisive battle between the Song and Yuan Dynasties. At the end of the war, the Yuan army defeated the larger army with less, and the entire Song army was destroyed. When the Southern Song Dynasty was destroyed, Lu Xiufu threw himself into the sea with his young emperor Zhao Bing on his back. Many loyal ministers followed him, and one hundred thousand soldiers and civilians jumped into the sea and died for the country.
After this battle, the fall of the Zhao and Song dynasties also meant the complete demise of the remaining forces of the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty finally unified the entire China. For the first time, China as a whole was conquered by northern nomads.
The demise of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the end of China's classical era. Some people believe that this naval battle marked the decline and fall of Chinese civilization in the classical sense. There is a saying that "there is no China after Yashan".
9. The Battle of Xiangyang
Xiangyang , although it is known as a battleground for military strategists, the barbaric Mongolian army probably never paid attention to such a city. But it is such a city, as hard as steel and as tough as green bamboo. Isolated and helpless, with no help from heaven and no response from the earth, it held on and resisted the Mongolian army for six years.
Let’s start from the beginning. After the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia worked together to destroy the Jin Dynasty, Mongolia completely ignored the covenant, broke their promises, and went south brazenly, dealing a fatal blow to the precarious Southern Song Dynasty. Although the Southern Song Dynasty was riddled with all kinds of diseases, they were not killed by Mongolia in one blow. On the contrary, Meng Ge, the arrogant leader of the Mongolian army, was shot to death by random arrows in Sichuan.
's successor Kublai Khan did not rise to the challenge, but chose Xiangyang, and the battle to defend Xiangyang officially began. The smoke is raging here, but there is singing and dancing in Lin'an, the capital. Xiangyang has asked for help several times, but the reinforcements have not arrived. Later, Zhang Shun, the leader of the rebel army, and Zhang Gui led 3,000 death squads to rush to the waterway for reinforcements. These three thousand warriors fought very hard in the Mongolian army. Although they failed in the end, this was a portrayal of the heroic and unyielding Han people.
1273, Xiangyang finally couldn't resist and finally fell. The Southern Song Dynasty also began to decline.
Xiangyang has both waterways and mountains. It can be said that it is full of natural chasms, so it has always been an important place for military strategists, with countless large and small battles. Speaking of the most famous one, it is the Battle of Xiangyang in the Song and Yuan Dynasties in the late Southern Song Dynasty. Of course, being famous is not a good thing. Being famous also means that people are in ruins and mourning is everywhere.
Song and Yuan The war in Xiangyang lasted for six years. During these six years, both sides came and went, all kinds of latest weapons were put into battle, and reinforcements from all sides also came in a steady stream. Of course, strictly speaking, it should be the continuous reinforcement of reinforcements from the Yuan Dynasty . In order to conquer Xiangyang, Kublai Khan transferred Yuan troops from all over the country to Xiangyang. In the Southern Song Dynasty, when life and death seemed to be in crisis, the temples were filled with singing and dancing and feasting every day, making it look like a scene of peace and prosperity. Therefore, reinforcements have not arrived for a long time. Later, someone rushed to help, but all the fighter planes were lost and the effort was a drop in the bucket. During the
period, some civilian soldiers also spontaneously organized to reinforce Xiangyang. They risked their lives and died and wrote suicide notes before going into battle. They once broke up the Mongolian army's formation and killed some of the Mongolian troops. However, they were still outnumbered when they broke through and responded, and ultimately failed.
In the battle of Xiangyang City, if the elite army of the Southern Song Dynasty could rush to the rescue earlier, if there was no intrigue among the people above the imperial court, if Jia Sidao was not so stupid and unethical. Maybe the result would be different, maybe the Song Dynasty would be able to attack Mongolia in one go. Then the Han people will not be subjugated, and then our Chinese culture will not be broken. It is a pity that history has no ifs.
Throughout history, the reason why the Song Dynasty fell was because of the treacherous ministers in power. There were many famous generals and loyal ministers in the Song Dynasty, but unfortunately, they all died at the hands of the weak and incompetent emperor and the selfish and treacherous ministers. In the past, Qin Hui killed Yue Fei , and in the later period, Jia Sidao did evil in the temple, delaying the war opportunity several times.
8. Jianyan South Crossing Introduction: Jianyan South Crossing was a historical event that took place at the turn of the Song Dynasty when Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty (then Kang Wang Zhao Gou) fled south to the south of the Yangtze River in order to avoid the invasion and pursuit of the foreign Jurchens in the north. .
The Kingdom of Jin captured many members of the Song Dynasty clan during the Jingkang Incident, and Kang Wang Zhao Gou was one of them who slipped through the net. In the second year of Jingkang (1127), Zhao Gou went south from Hebei to Nanjing Yingtianfu (Shangqiu, Henan) and ascended the throne as Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. He changed the Yuan to Jianyan . After that, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty traveled all the way from the Huaihe River to the Yangtze River to Hangzhou to restore the Song Dynasty and promoted Hangzhou to Lin'an Prefecture. In the first year of Shaoxing (1131), Lin'an was officially established as the capital, named "Xingzai" (accompanying the capital), and it was actually the capital.
The Jin Dynasty also rushed southward, approaching Lin'an. Song Gaozong had no way to escape, so he had to escape into the sea and wandered along the coast of Wenzhou for four months. Due to the humid weather in the south and the heroic resistance of the soldiers and civilians of the Southern Song Dynasty, Wanyan Wushu, the commander-in-chief of the Jin Dynasty, decided to withdraw his troops and go north. When retreating north to Zhenjiang, the retreat was cut off by Song general Han Shizhong, and he was forced into Huangtiandang. The Song army surrounded 100,000 Jin soldiers with 8,000 troops. The two sides held a stalemate for forty-eight days. Finally, the Jin army opened a gap with fire attacks and was able to retreat. The Jin army was defeated by Yue Fei in Jiankang and never dared to cross the river again.
When Jianyan was crossing south, the then King of Kang Zhao Gou chose to escape south despite the fact that the northern soldiers and civilians were caught in the flames of war. It must be said that he failed to fulfill the responsibilities of an emperor. However, his going south prevented the Jurchens from getting the chance to eliminate the Song Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the continuation of the Song Dynasty. It played a certain role in the subsequent confrontation with the Jurchens in the Jin Kingdom.
7. The Jingkang Incident refers to the historical event in the second year of Jingkang (the fifth year of Jin Tianhui, 1127) when the Jin Dynasty went south to capture Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and kidnapped the two emperors Hui and Qin, leading to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Also known as the Jingkang Rebellion, Jingkang Disaster, Jingkang Disaster.
In the seventh year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty (the third year of Jin Tianhui, 1125), the Jin army divided into east and west routes and went south to attack the Song Dynasty. Wanyan Zongwang led the army from the east to attack Yanjing. Wanyan Zonghan led the army from the west to attack Taiyuan. On the east route, the Jin soldiers defeated Yanjing, crossed the Yellow River, and headed south to Bianjing (now Kaifeng, Henan). Seeing that the situation was in danger, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty moved to the throne of Prince Zhao Huan and became the Emperor Qinzong of the Song Dynasty. In the first month of the first year of Jingkang (the fourth year of Jin Tianhui, 1126), Wanyan Zonghan led the Jin Bing East Route Army to the foot of Bianjing City, forcing the Song Dynasty to withdraw after negotiating peace. The Jinren demanded 5 million taels of gold and 50 million taels. silver coins, and ceded the three towns of Zhongshan, Hejian and Taiyuan. In August of the same year, the Jin army attacked the Song Dynasty in two ways; in leap November, the two armies of the Jin army joined forces and captured Bianjing. Song Qinzong personally went to the Jin army camp to discuss peace and was detained by the Jin people.
In addition to the two emperors of Huiqin, there were also a large number of more than 3,000 people from the Zhao royal family, concubines, nobles, and court officials who went north to the Kingdom of Jin. All public and private savings in Tokyo were wiped out. The Jingkang Incident led to the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
6. Wang Anshi's Reform was a reform that occurred during the Shenzong period of the Song Dynasty. Wang Anshi launched a political reform movement aimed at changing the situation of poverty and weakness since the founding of the Northern Song Dynasty. The
reform began in the second year of Xining (1069) and ended in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085) when Song Shenzong died, so it is also called Xining Reform and Xifeng Reform.
Wang Anshi's reform aimed at developing production, enriching the country and strengthening the army, and rescuing the political crisis of the Song Dynasty. It centered on "financial management" and "reorganizing the army" and involved all aspects of politics, economy, military, society, and culture. It was the successor to Shang Yang in ancient Chinese history Another huge political change movement occurred after the reform .
The reform changed the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty to a certain extent, enriched the government finances, improved the national defense strength, and also cracked down on and restricted the illegal profiteering of the feudal landlord class and big businessmen.
However, during the implementation of the reform, due to the untimeliness of some measures and poor operation in actual implementation, the interests of the people were harmed to varying degrees (such as the Ma Bao Ma Law and the Young Crops Law ). In addition, the new law touched the big landowners. The fundamental interests of the class, so they were strongly opposed.
It ended with the death of Song Shenzong in the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085).
The Qingli New Deal (1043-1045) was a political reform entrusted by Fan Zhongyan to be carried out by Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty during the Qingli year. However, due to the restriction of the privileges of big bureaucrats and big landowners, it encountered strong opposition and obstruction during implementation, and ultimately failed.
This New Deal reformed the administration of officials, improved administrative efficiency during the Qingli Period, and improved political corruption in the Northern Song Dynasty. However, the ability of officials to govern was weakened, which made the social problems of the Northern Song Dynasty more serious; at the same time, it indirectly led to the failure of Wang Anshi's reform.
5. The Qingli New Deal was a reform during the Song Renzong Qingli period. Because the leader was Fan Zhongyan, it was also called Fan Zhongyan's reform. Its purpose was to rectify the bureaucracy and enhance the national power of the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Renzong adopted the innovative ideas of Fan Zhongyan and others and focused on reforming the official system, job fields, imperial examinations, schools, taxes and servitude, etc.
1022, Song Zhenzong died, and Prince Zhao Zhen came to the throne as Song Renzong. His mother, Empress Liu, was revered as the empress dowager and was responsible for acting as an agent for military and state affairs before Renzong came of age. This began the sixteen-year period of Empress Dowager Liu's rule behind the curtain.
Xixia After Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor in 1038, several wars broke out between Song and Xia. The Song army was defeated repeatedly and had to negotiate a peace. The burden on the people increased, and many peasant uprisings broke out in various places. The current Northern Song Dynasty can be said to be suffering from internal and external troubles.
1039 Song Qi Shangshu, who was the same as the judge of Liyuan, believed that the insufficiency of state power was due to "three redundancies and three expenses". Song Qi said: "Today there are fixed officials but no fixed personnel." "The prefectures and counties are not as wide as before, but the officials are five times as many as before." Song Qi himself also favored prostitutes and drank drunkenly. Song Xiang satirized Song Qi and said: "I heard that the lantern banquet last night was extremely luxurious. I wonder if you still remember the time when we had rice in the state school one year?"
In the third year of Qingli reign of Song Renzong ( 1043), the Song Dynasty suffered a disastrous defeat in the war against Xia, and internal turmoil was on the verge of coming.
Renzong then dismissed the prime minister Lu Yijian, and appointed Fu Bi, Han Qi and others as deputy privy envoys. Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others combined their years of experience to present the " Reply to the Imperial Edict" in September. "Shi " (i.e., "Ten Matters") was presented to Song Renzong as the basic plan for reform. The imperial court agreed and issued it to the whole country.
In 1043, in order to alleviate various contradictions in the dynasty, Song Renzong appointed Fan Zhongyan as counselor for political affairs (the position is equivalent to deputy prime minister), and Fu Bi was appointed deputy privy envoy to implement reforms.
They proposed ten reform plans: Ming Qi Zhi (making strict assessments and regulations on the official promotion and demotion system), suppressing luck (restricting the ways of becoming an official and being promoted by chance), and Jinggong Ju (strictly implementing the imperial examination system to select officials with real qualifications for the country). Talented and learned people), selecting officials (strictly assessing the performance of local officials at the state and county levels), equalizing public land (equal distribution of public land to local officials), supporting agricultural and mulberry production (emphasizing farming and mulberry production), Xiuwubei (regulating Arms), reduce corvee (reducing the people's corvee), Qin Enxin (implement the court's favor policies), emphasize orders (take court orders seriously and issue them with caution).
Most of these reform measures were adopted by Renzong and promulgated nationwide, known as the "New Deal".
Qingli New Deal has achieved very good results. The Song Dynasty entered the most prosperous stage since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
However, because the New Deal restricted the privileges of big bureaucrats and landowners, it encountered strong opposition and obstruction during its implementation. They spread rumors, attacked the New Deal, and accused Fan Zhongyan of forming a party for personal gain and abusing his power. Although Song Renzong may not fully believe this matter, seeing how powerful the forces opposing the reform were, he began to waver and lost confidence in the reform.
1044. Song Renzong issued an edict to abandon all reform measures, dismissed Fan Zhongyan from his post of participating in political affairs, and demoted him to Dengzhou (now Deng County, Henan Province). Fu Bi, Ouyang Xiu and other reformists were expelled from the court one after another. The Qingli New Deal failed.
Song Renzong reigned for forty years. Although there were talented and upright ministers like Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Bao Zheng in the court, they did not play their role, and the Song Dynasty's national power became increasingly weak.
4. "Chanyuan Alliance" is an alliance signed by Song and Liao to quell the war. The contents of this alliance include: Song and Liao are bounded by the Baigou River; the Song Dynasty provides money and silver to Liao every year. Silk cloth; opening a market, carrying out trade, etc. After Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, he always wanted to drive the Khitans to the outside of the Great Wall, but failed because the Khitans were very brave and good at fighting. The Liao regime established by the Khitan has been entrenched in the north, posing a great threat to the Song Dynasty regime.
The Liao Kingdom has always been eyeing Yanyun Sixteen States which has a developed agricultural economy. For this reason, it has launched wars against the Song Dynasty many times. The Song Dynasty was also very important to the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, so it could not fall into the hands of the Liao Kingdom. The war between Song and Liao over the sixteen states of Yanyun lasted for 25 years. In the first year of Jingde, the Liao army once again went south to attack the Song Dynasty. At that time, Song Zhenzong, the monarch of the Song Dynasty, wanted to flee south when he saw the fierce Liao army coming. But later he did not do so because of the dissuasion of the prime minister, and instead chose to go to Tanzhou to supervise the war.
Song Zhenzong's move greatly boosted the morale of the frontline soldiers. At one time, hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians gathered in Tanzhou. At that time, the leader of the Liao Kingdom Empress Dowager Xiao saw such a large battle in the Song Dynasty and the lack of supplies of materials for the Liao army attacking Tanzhou at that time, so she came up with the idea of peace negotiation. The Song Dynasty was already afraid of the Liao Kingdom and was happy to see the peace talks come to fruition. Since both Song and Liao were interested in negotiating peace, the war came to an end for the time being, and then the Song Dynasty sent envoys to the Liao camp for negotiations. After some negotiations, the "Tan Yuan Alliance" was signed.
Since Song Zhenzong insisted on not ceding land but only giving money, the covenant did not mention the ceding of land. It only involved the Song Dynasty's need to provide 100,000 silver and 20 bolts of silk to Liao every year. In addition, the covenant also stipulated that the Baigou River would be the dividing line between the Song and Liao countries, and neither side was allowed to build a city god here. Another is to set up a market at the junction of the two countries for the people of Song and Liao to conduct trade and strengthen the economic and cultural exchanges between the two countries. After the signing of the "Tan Yuan Alliance", the two countries of Song and Liao never fought again for nearly a hundred years.
3. Yongxi’s Northern Expedition refers to the 3rd year of Yongxi reign of the Northern Song Dynasty (that is, the 4th year of Liao Tonghe, 986) in order to recover the Later Jin "Emperor" Shi Jingtang the sixteen states of Yanyun ceded to the Liao Dynasty. The historical event that Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty dispatched an army of 200,000 troops divided into three groups to conquer the Liao Dynasty.
In 979 AD, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty conquered the Northern Han Dynasty. The Song Dynasty unified the Central Plains, and then marched into Yanyun to compete for hegemony with the powerful Liao Empire in East Asia. Brother Yelvxiu saved Daliao in the Battle of Gaoliang River, but the crisis in the Liao Kingdom was not resolved. The Liao Empire suffered heavy defeats in several subsequent battles between Song and Liao, and only had a slight upper hand in the Battle of Xiongzhou. In 986 AD (the third year of Yongxi reign of Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty), after the death of Emperor Jingzong of the Liao Dynasty, Emperor Shengzong of the Liao Dynasty and the Empress Dowager Xiao were orphaned and widowed. At the same time, the Liao army was entangled in the war with Gory and the Jurchen tribe in the rear, so Song Taizong felt The time was ripe for the second Northern Expedition, and the ambition to capture the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun sprouted again. The Song Dynasty mobilized almost all the troops in the country. "There were actually 200,000 troops on the march." The troops were divided into four groups, two groups each in front of the mountains and behind the mountains (east and west of the Taihang Mountains), and launched a war against the Liao Dynasty. It was called the "Yongxi Northern Expedition" in history. "The vastness of its military force is comparable to the battle to conquer the Southern Tang Dynasty.
The Northern Expedition began in March of the third year of Yongxi's reign. The strategic plan of the Song army can be roughly seen from some relevant records of Song Taizong. "At the beginning of the year, Cao Bin and the generals entered into speeches. The superior said to Bin that Pan Mei's teacher Dan Xianqu "Yun, Ying, Qing and others have spoken with hundreds of thousands of people to take Youzhou , and move cautiously and slowly, and not be greedy for profit. When they hear that the soldiers are coming, they will know that everyone is coming to rescue Fan Yang, and they have no time to help the back of the mountain." Cao Bin said for the first time. After returning from the attack due to lack of food, Taizong issued another order: "Urgently send envoys to stop Bin and not advance forward. Urgently lead the division to meet with Mi Xin's army along the Baigou River. We will strengthen the troops and use the strength of the Western Division. Once Mei and others have taken over the area behind the mountain, Hui re-entered the army to the east and combined his forces to capture Youzhou." After the failure of the Northern Expedition, he claimed to "stop Cao Bin, Mi Xin and others from being strong and dominant, and sit down with food and armor to spread the army's voice.After the mountains were calmed down in a month or two, Pan Mei, Tian re-entered and other troops to advance directly to Youzhou, driving them away with all their strength, allowing the Khitan party to escape far into the desert, and then control the dangers and restore the old territory. This is my ambition also. However, the generals and others did not follow the plan, and went to see what they saw. They led a hundred thousand soldiers to fight far away from the fortress, quickly captured the counties and counties, and even returned the troops with reinforcements and baggage. They worked hard back and forth and were attacked by the army. The responsibility for this lies with the general. . "
Judging from the last paragraph of Song Taizong's remarks, "Stop ordering Cao Bin, Mi Xin, etc. to act as heroes and hegemons, wrap up food and sit in armor to spread the army's voice" should be the strategy adopted at the beginning of the war, but the fact is that Cao Bin and the Pan Mei moved north decisively at almost the same time. Therefore, the initial strategy of the Song Army in Hebei should be the first paragraph of Taizong's warning when Cao Bin came to see Cao Bin to say goodbye. This is the truth. The last paragraph of Song Taizong's letter was written to Zhao Pu after the war. stated, the whole article is constantly shirking responsibility, so the so-called "stop at being heroic and hegemonic" may be just words to shirk responsibility for the defeat. The author believes that even after the first withdrawal of troops, Song Taizong did not explicitly want to station troops to be heroic and hegemonic. , but only asked Yanbaigou and Mixin to join forces (this will be discussed later). Of course, in general, the Song army used the Hebei troops to contain the enemy, Shanxi mainly attacked the states behind the mountains, and then all the forces joined forces to attack. Youzhou, there is no doubt about this. Next, we will focus on the battle history of the Hebei front army. The details of the military story behind the mountain can be found in the book "Exploring the Military Story of the Song Dynasty"
When the Liao army discovered that the Song army was retreating, Brother Yelvxiu couldn't wait to launch it. The unprecedented intensity of the Xincheng battle, due to Cao Bin's timely reinforcements, Brother Xiu suffered a strong counterattack from the Song army. "History of the Song Dynasty. Mi Xin Biography" recorded the cruelty of this battle: "The Khitan led the army back to fight, but Wang Shi retreated. , Xin alone defended the enemy with three hundred dragon guards under his command. The enemy surrounded them heavily, and their arrows rained down. Xin shot several people, and many of his subordinates died. At dusk, Xin held a broadsword and led the cavalry to shout and kill dozens of people. The enemy then retreated, but Xin broke through with more than a hundred cavalry and escaped." Let's look at the description of this battle in "Song History. Li Ji's Propaganda" which is equally tragic. The army returned to Xiongzhou to collect grain, met the Khitan New City, and fought until dusk. Ji Xuanzhong suffered ten wounds, and his sword was in his pocket. The battle will resume tomorrow. Jilong was invited by the enemy, and Jixuan captured it with his troops." It is also told here Our two pieces of information are that the Song Army was retreating at the time, and the Liao Army's attack was extremely powerful. Mi Xin and Li Jilong's troops were both violently attacked, and Li Jixuan, the most brave general in the Song Army camp, also suffered many wounds
. The army also claimed to have won this battle by "beheading a thousand people and capturing a hundred horses." But in fact, it was a narrow victory. Mi Xin, the former enemy commander who was deployed in the northwest of Youzhou Road, was left in embarrassment with only more than 300 people left. If Li Jixuan had not arrived in time, the Song army might have ended in a disastrous defeat. Of course, Brother Yelu Xiu should feel lucky. If the Song army was a cavalry-based force, then the price of underestimating the enemy in the Battle of Xincheng would be the national destiny of the Liao Empire.
2. The release of military power over a glass of wine refers to what happened during the Jianlong period of the Northern Song Dynasty. In order to strengthen the centralization of power and prevent subordinate generals from being forced to "wear yellow robes", Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin raised troops to usurp the new political power. He used banquets, threats and inducements, and demanded that senior generals hand over their power. The historical event of military power.
The release of military power through a cup of wine was the beginning of a series of political and military reform measures taken by Song Taizu to strengthen centralization and consolidate rule. Later, Song Taizu also carried out many reforms in the military system. This reform greatly strengthened the centralization of power in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Later, "a cup of wine releases military power" evolved into an idiom, which was extended to the easy removal of military power of generals.
Background: In the process of ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms situation, the rulers of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are two issues to consider: first, how to rebuild the centralized autocratic rule so that the vassal situation that has existed for a long time since the late Tang Dynasty will no longer appear; second, how to consolidate the new dynasty so that it will no longer become the sixth short-lived dynasty after the Five Dynasties. .
At the end of the first year of Jianlong (960 AD), one day after Song Taizu put down the rebellion of Li Jun and Li Chongjin, he summoned Prime Minister Zhao Pu and asked: "Why have the emperors changed to eight surnames and twelve monarchs in the past few decades since the end of the Tang Dynasty? , the war is endless. I want to wipe out the soldiers of the world from now on, and build the country for a long time. Is there any good way?"
Zhao Pu is proficient in governance and has already considered these issues. After listening to Taizu's question, he The crux of the problem is that the power of the vassal town is too heavy, the monarch is weak and the ministers are strong, and there is no clever way to govern. As long as you reduce its power, control its money and grain, and recruit its elite soldiers, the world will naturally be stable. Before Zhao Pu finished speaking, Song Taizu said repeatedly: "You don't need to say any more, I understand everything."
So a plan to rebuild the centralized autocratic system was hatched and gradually implemented. In terms of centralization of power in the Northern Song Dynasty, the most important issue was military power, which was also the first issue to be resolved. Fan Jun pointed out in "On the Five Dynasties": "Where military power exists, prosperity will follow; where military power goes, it will perish." This reveals the decisive role military power has played in the changes in political situations since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Therefore, as soon as the Song Dynasty was established, Zhao Kuangyin learned the lesson of 's demise in the later Zhou Dynasty and strengthened his control over the Forbidden Army.
In the second year of Jianlong (961 AD), Taizu took some measures to gradually strengthen the centralization of power in view of the fact that the situation was under control at that time. At first, Taizu thought that Shi Shouxin and others were his old friends and did not mind. However, Zhao Pu said several times: "I am not worried that they will betray Your Majesty, but if their subordinates are greedy for wealth, if there are evildoers to support them. Can they, can they be independent?" These words actually reminded Song Taizu to remember the history of the Chenqiao Mutiny and to avoid the recurrence of similar incidents. Sure enough, Song Taizu soon took measures to remove the military power of the senior generals of the Forbidden Army.
1. The Chenqiao Mutiny, also known as the Chenqiaoyi Mutiny, was a mutiny launched by Zhao Kuangyin to replace the Later Zhou Dynasty and establish the Song Dynasty. This allusion is also known as the Yellow Robe Jia Shen.
In 959 AD, Zhou Shizong Chai Rong died of illness. At this time, his seven-year-old son succeeded to the throne, and the government was managed by his mother. At this time, news came from the border that the Liao army was pressing the border. The Queen Mother was at a loss and asked the prime minister for advice. Prime Minister Fan Zhi didn't know whether it was true or not, so he urgently ordered Zhao Kuangyin to lead troops to defend against the enemy.
However, Zhao Kuangyin did not want to send troops because he was short of major generals. As a last resort, Fan Zhi gave Zhao Kuangyin the power to mobilize the country's troops, and Zhao Kuangyin agreed.
The story of the Chenqiao Mutiny took place on the third day of the first lunar month in 960 AD. Zhao Kuangyin led his troops out of the capital. When the army arrived at a place called Chenqiaoyi, the army could not stop. At this time, some people in the army deliberately spread rumors that the current emperor was young and their hard work would be forgotten.
That night, a group of soldiers put the yellow robes they had prepared on Zhao Kuangyin, who was pretending to be drunk, and shouted long live. At this time, Zhao Kuangyin half-heartedly agreed to the soldiers' request, but he made three stipulations to the soldiers: when entering Tokyo City, they must not burn, kill, loot, or disturb the people. The soldiers all agreed in unison.
Later, Zhao Kuangyin took this group of troops back to the capital of the Later Zhou Dynasty. Since there were internal agents in the court, Zhao Kuangyin easily occupied the capital. Then Zhao Kuangyin put down the rebellion of some Jiedushi who had heavy troops. The above is Zhao Kuangyin The story of the Chenqiao Mutiny.
Introduction to the historical significance of the Chenqiao Mutiny: The Chenqiao Mutiny was the most famous mutiny in Chinese history and also the most successful. The Chenqiao Mutiny minimized casualties and the impact of war.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's territory was once again in chaos. Entering the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, no matter which mutiny occurred in the chaotic disputes, it was accompanied by bloodshed and sacrifice. However, the Chenqiao Mutiny allowed the emperor to choose the Zen throne in an almost peaceful way. It achieved the miracle of dynasty change without any bloodshed; therefore, the historical significance of the Chenqiao Mutiny is extraordinary in Chinese history.
The historical significance of the Chenqiao Mutiny is that it changed the way of fighting for political power. In the process of fighting for political power during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, it ranged from plundering to massacre. However, such a peaceful mutiny through multi-party political means is rare.In addition to changes in the way of fighting, the historical significance of the Chenqiao Mutiny was particularly prominent in strengthening centralization.
