Talking about 豆腐渣工程, everyone will immediately pop up a word in his head: "真pit!" The "豆腐渣工程" born from cutting corners brings it I don’t know where the situation of safe accident is, in official words, " brings great harm to the lives and property of the masses of the people ."
The “豆腐渣工程” that has gone abroad many times represents, for example, the Xinsan Highway. The highway that cost a huge amount of money to build collapsed on the second day of opening to traffic, and the speed is staggering. However, there is no shortage of this kind of tofu dregs project. Every country and every dynasty undertook to vigorously attack . 杀手锏 of the Ming Dynasty's dealing with tofu dregs project, let's take a look!
1. Killer's tip: leave name + torture
The various projects in Ming Dynasty are very much pay attention to quality , and also pay great attention to management. For example, 城墙 was used to defend the Mongolian cavalry in the north at the beginning of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Later it was used to defend against the Manchus. The Mongols gave 朱元璋徐达常遇春 before these people cast a psychological shadow and basically did not dare to come. The Eight Banners army of Houjin is different, with super strong combat effectiveness.
In order to deal with this 剽瀚 army, the Ming Dynasty formed several elites: 关宁铁骑, Tianxiongjun and so on. But if there is no Guanning line, tomorrow will probably be gone. Therefore, the Ming Dynasty paid much attention to the quality of the city wall, not only can it be found by everyone in charge, but even which brick is made by who made it is clearly engraved with white .
This name is not written to let you 青史 leave a name forever or something, but to facilitate 朝廷官府 to cut people. A piece of brick is engraved on which factory where the brick was made. Who is the craftsman writes clearly . If something goes wrong with this city brick during a war someday, and what will happen, you can easily find this kid’s family by holding this brick... This is the "" mandatory by the Ming Dynasty. Quality traceability ". Such a rigorous system can not only be used on the Guanning line, national large and small buildings basically use the same operation regulations .
On the city wall of Nanjing’s inner city, there is a gray brick carved like this 三行文字: "Recruit Jia Xi Junweng Jia Shou Fang Chao Zhang/Yao Craftsman Lu Li/Brickmaker Guangfu Temple". In common terms, Zhaojia and Zhaojia are now 包工头, this batch of bricks was contracted by them, 節匠和造砖夫 Needless to say. If one day something goes wrong with this brick, you only need to catch a few of them. 受刑.
And the punishments for them are also very heavy, that is, those miserable punishments such as those who provoke tensions. Due to the implementation of this system, the brick quality of the Ming Dynasty is all leveraged, and 建筑质量 naturally also has no place to pick faults. For example, Hunan Changsha Tianxin Pavilion Ancient City Wall and Beijing Ming Dynasty Tombs . Although these buildings have experienced wind and rain, wind and sun for hundreds of years. But the name above is still clearly visible.
2. Killer: Acceptance thorn wall
The name engraved on the brick is just for the purpose of finding someone to settle the account when there is a problem with the building. It's just a means, not an end. The goal is to complete the building well. ratioFor example, 城墙, if there was a problem and many people were lost in the city, even if the craftsman was caught and beheaded, the consequences would still happen, which would not help the matter. Besides, other artisans have ears and legs. Whenever they hear which section of the city wall which they built has been breached, no matter who built that section of the city wall, let’s talk about it after running. 卷起铺盖卷. It is his own problem that can save his life. Anyway, the Ming Dynasty has neither a camera nor a second-generation ID card. Zhang San ran a few hundred miles and said he was Li Si. Who knows? It’s not your own problem to go back in the future.
So in order to deal with such craftsmen, the acceptance was very strict when the city wall was repaired in the Ming Dynasty, and was not only relieved after engraving your name on the brick. The inspector will hold a gun to stab the city wall , as long as pierce a foot with all his strength, the person in charge of this section of the city wall will be beheaded . Walls made of noodles and glutinous rice are certainly not a problem. However, the resources of the Ming Dynasty were limited, and the building materials were 土石 in many cases. Even under such strict acceptance conditions, the wall made of soil and stone can become as hard as rock .
Of course, this acceptance method also has the possibility that cheats and confuses : if is in charge of the acceptance person , he can pass the acceptance without using his full strength to pierce the inferior wall. For this reason, the Ming Dynasty set up , a system where many people came to check and accept at the same time. Among these people, there are senior officials and minor officials from other places.
It is basically impossible to buy everything if you want, and if the inspector releases too much water from other inspectors, you will lose your life. It's too uneconomical for the money to take his own life. What's more, the imperial court pays relatively generous wages, so basically all inspectors are very responsible. The quality of the city walls has also been improved. This kind of acceptance method is called " contradiction conflict ". Those who can use this method are generally very important governmental works , such as 南京城墙 ordered by Zhu Yuanzhang.
Three. Killer: Use money to level up
I read the above two methods, and they kill people if something goes wrong. So is there a way not to kill? Of course there is! In addition to killing, the Ming Dynasty had even higher tactics. Killing is usually done by government officials. Generally, no matter how rich people are, you dare to kill casually? So here comes the method of applying money, which is the most commonly used method for government and private applications: 用钱整平.
What is leveling with money? Before the start of construction, the owner will first negotiate the price with the craftsmen, and then give the craftsmen a generous reward . Although the money is now in hand, it cannot be spent. Every two stones of the building should be polished and smoothed and pasted together tightly. If there is a gap, you need to fill it in piece by piece with the payment (copper money) prepaid to you until the two stones are leveled and .
After the construction is completed, the remaining copper coins are the workers' compensation. This method makes 心服口, so it is more common in the Ming Dynasty's dignitaries and official projects. It is closely related to your own interest , which makes the craftsman feel that every problem is spent his own money. In natural engineering, it is more attentive, quality naturally just fine. 古石路 in a private garden in Suzhou, this is the method used.
IV. Summary
Regardless of the method, eventually person in charge, craftsman and engineering must be linked together.Up. Let them realize that their benefit and the quality of project are connected together. In this way, the so-called "豆腐渣工程" will not appear. And these killer features of the Ming Dynasty did a good job of achieving this point, so really admirable .
References:
1, "History as a Mirror"
2, "Construction Workers 2017 08 Issue"
