"A dream in lakes and mountains is nothing, goodbye Yunlong flying north. For the end of three hundred years, the long sky and clear waters sigh Mi Mi".
This is the sentence in "梅花诗" written by Shao Yong, a strange man in the Northern Song Dynasty. Among them, it is a metaphor for the fall of the three hundred years of the Zhao family's foundation in the Song Dynasty. With Lu Xiufu taking the emperor to the sea, "长天碧水" swallowed up the last ray of hope of the Song Dynasty . However, in the first three years, the Mongol army had already captured Lin'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. As the king of subjugation at that time, Emperor Song Gong, who was only six years old, became a prisoner of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty and began a 47-year legendary prisoner career.
Although this title is not very good, it does not mean that everyone is incompetent. Although most of them are like this, there will always be exceptions. of. And after the demise of a dynasty, then the emperor of the new dynasty must not be able to tolerate the monarch of the previous dynasty, because in case the monarch of the previous dynasty has the heart to rejuvenate the country, the Jiangshan that was finally won will be handed over.
In 1274, he died of excessive drinking. The four-year-old became the emperor with the support of the traitor Jia Sidao. He was Emperor Gong of Song, renamed Deyou. The grandmother Xie the Empress Dowager, and the mother all the queen mothers were listening to politics. But the military power is still in the hands of Jia Sidao.
When he was six years old, he was taken captive because of the subjugation of the country. When he was nineteen years old, he was forced to become a monk until his death. His life experience It is extremely tragic.
Song Shi Jiangshan was captured by the Taizu from the orphans and widows of the Zhou Dynasty, and finally lost by the orphans and widows. Later generations wrote poems and ridiculed: When Chen Qiaoyi was in that day, he deceived his widows and orphans. Unexpectedly, more than three hundred years later, widows and orphans were also deceived.
In the old days, when Zhao Xian ascended the throne, the Song Dynasty was in panic. At that time, the Mongolian ruler Kublai Khan believed that the emperor was young and treacherous ministers were in power.
The army of the Yuan Dynasty has gained control of the northern half of China. After obtaining the control of Xiangfan City, the most important channel to the south, it crossed the Yangtze River and headed towards Lin'an (now Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. . On the one hand, the Queen Mother Xie was calling the "King of Qin" nationwide, and on the other hand, she begged for peace with the Yuan army. The imposing Yuan army was breaking through the defense lines in various places and successively surrendering the states in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Dogmatic Three Dynasties (Li Zong, Du Zong, Gong Zong) , but the traitor Jia Sidao, who is naturally greedy and afraid of death, led the seventy thousand Song army to station in Wuhu on the one hand, but on the other Envoys were sent to the enemy camp to seek peace, but they were rejected.
In 1275, the 30,000 army led by Jia Sidao defeated the Yuan army in Wuhu. Soon after, Queen Mother Xie and Emperor Song Gong had to kill Jia Sidao under the pressure of the people of the whole country, but it was too late. , The Song Dynasty has passed away, and the situation of destruction is inevitable. In the middle of the same year, the Yuan army had occupied most of the territory of Jiangdong (now Jiangsu Province). On January 18, 1276, the Yuan army led by Boyan came to Lin'an. The Southern Song court failed to seek peace and had to surrender to the Yuan army. In the same year, Empress Dowager Xie surrendered to the Yuan army with the five-year-old Emperor Zhao Xian.
At this time, the remnant forces of the Song Dynasty, which have not been wiped out, supported Duanzong Zhao Shi and Wei Wang Zhao Chang still resisting. The newly conquered areas are also full of smoke. Kublai realized that this troubled young emperor still had useful value. Only by placing him and letting him serve as a cover to attract the Southern Song courtiers who had not yet returned to him, he named Zhao Xian the Grand Duke of Ying and Zhao Xian etc. People are confined in high walls and deep palaces. Zhao Xian is always cautious and surreptitious, hoping to avoid persecution. When he was twelve years old, Kublai Khan suddenly issued an edict and asked Zhao Xian to move to the upper capital to the remote hinterland of Mongolia.
According to a monk at the time, Kublai Khan told Kublai that from the astrological aspect, if Saturn violated the star, it must beIf people want to harm the emperor, they should beware; it is also heard that some people say that they will raise troops for the captured Prime Minister Wen Tianxiang. Kublai Khan had a foreboding that Zhao Xian and Wen Tianxiang were indeed a threat to his rule, so he killed Wen Tianxiang in Dadu and sent Zhao Xianfa to Shangdu.
It turns out that Kublai Khan believed that the Southern Song Dynasty had been perished for 12 years, and the Yuan Dynasty’s rule in the Central Plains had basically stabilized. Zhao Xian had been politically and militarily There is no use value anymore, and he is going to make him a monk or monk.
To be sure, life in confinement in Beijing must be boring and monotonous. After Zhao Xian was captured, there are very few historical records, only scattered. According to records, in 1282, Zhao Xian was 12 years old and was sent from Beijing to Kaiping to live in Kaiping, Shangdu for 6 years. In 1288, Kublai Khan "given Ying Guogong Zhao Xianchao hundred ingots"
But Kublai didn't plan to raise their wives anymore, he was planning to find a "promising" career for them. Ten days later, the decision came out. "Ying Guo Gong Zhao Xian learned Buddhism in Tufan" , and his mother, Quan Queen, was ordered to become a nun. Both mother and son were arranged to become monks by the Yuan Dynasty.
From Shangdu (now the east of Zhenglan in Inner Mongolia) to Tubo (now the Tibet Autonomous Region) is nearly ten thousand miles away. On the way, Zhao Xian passed through the grasslands and across the desert. After untold hardships, he finally reached Tubo and finally lived in the Lhasagar Monastery.
A Han nationality, living alone in an environment where speech is impassable, unacceptable, and unaccompanied, is clearly a world away from the past life! But Zhao Xian quickly adapted to this life, and After learning Tibetan language and Tibetan language, after years of diligent study, he survived adversity and became the abbot of the temple.
Later translated the "Hundred Laws and Mingmen", and the esoteric "Yin Ming Jin Zheng Theory", leaving the inscription on the title page, claiming to be "The King of Han Dynasty" The "Monks Respect the Magic Treasure" was included in the list of translation masters by Tibetan historians. has become a historical event. He has made valuable contributions to the exchange of Sino-Tibetan culture.
In the third year of Zhizhi, he accidentally wrote a poem and was given to die in Hexi, Gansu. The original text of his verse is as follows: To Lin Hejing, how many times did the plum blossom bloom? Should not return. The next sentence in the poem "黄金台" is a place name with an allusion: It is about the story of King Yan Zhao building a platform near Chaoyang Gate in the Warring States period, and putting money on it to recruit the world. Yuan Dynasty The ruler believed that this sentence was Zhao Xian’s complaint that he was a "offstage guest" and was not reusable, which meant dissatisfaction. The last sentence in the poem "林和靖" is a person's name, a famous scholar in the Song Dynasty. This person has no intention of making progress in fame and fame. He formed a house in a lonely mountain in West Lake, Hangzhou, accompanied by plum trees and cranes, known as "梅妻鹤子". After his death, Song Renzong reckoned his noble, posthumous name "和靖先生". In Yuanren’s opinion, it was Zhao Xian who used this as an opportunity to express his inner resentment, and he seemed to have an attempt to drive restoration. .
Regarding the ending of Song Gongdi Zhao Xian, Chinese "Buddha Past Dynasties" There is this sentence: "至 Three years of governance in April, gift to the country Gonghezun died in Hexi, the emperor Confucian scholar Jinshu Cangjing. "Some people therefore think: " Yingguo Gong was given to die in Hexi in the third year of Emperor Yingzong's Zhizhi three years." But some people took "礼瀛国公" is an independent word, not the meaning of being given to death.
At least from the text, it cannot be seen that Emperor Gong died violently. The back "Zhao Sengru Jinshu Zang Jing" , it is to express the court's courtesy. In any case, Emperor Song Gong ended his life as a lama in the third year of Emperor Yingzong of Yuan Dynasty, namely AD 1323, and also ended his life as a captive for 47 years. He was 54 years old this year. Count it down, he's in the westTibet has settled for 35 years, during which time he never set foot in the hometown of Central Plains and the Jiangnan where dreaming of dreams!
History: Excavating historical stories, folk histories, ancient history miscellaneous talks, telling the past and the present.
