In the modern history of our country, the rule of warlords was deeply hated by the people. These soldiers, relying on their military strength, did everything bad to the people.
The "king of Ningxia" I'm going to talk about today Ma Hongkui is a typical old warlord. He exhausted his methods to search for the wealth of the people when he was in power.
At the end of the liberation war , he melted all his property into gold and transferred it to the United States. It is calculated that he transferred a full 7.5 tons of gold.
These people's anointings have allowed him to live in the United States for many years. However, the way of heaven is reincarnation, but Ma Hongkui's life in his old age is very bad.
So how did Ma Hongkui become the "Emperor of the Earth" in Ningxia? What kind of evil did he do, and how did he snatch up 7.5 tons of gold?
Ma Hongkui, the "Emperor of the Earth" in Ningxia
Ma Hongkui lived well since childhood. He was born in the family of officials and his ancestors were important generals of in the northwest region of for several generations. Therefore, Ma Hongkui has been well educated since he was a child, especially in the military. Since he grew up in the army, he has a certain reserve of knowledge about the army and warfare.
However, Ma Hongkui himself did not have much ambitions. Although he participated in the anti-Qing movement when he was young, he was only active in the northwest region. His attitude and starting point for revolution and anti-Qing were unknown.
Because life has always been superior, Ma Hongkui does not have much knowledge of human suffering, and he will not feel the suffering caused to the people and the damage caused to the people when he searches for private property in the future. In his eyes only Your own superior life is the most important.
Ma Hongkui, who participated in anti-Qing activities when he was young, was once arrested and imprisoned. Fortunately, his family has been officials for generations and has a certain relationship with the court, so he was released soon after his arrest.
The Qing Dynasty was soon overthrown by the Revolutionary Party,Since then, Yuan Shikai valued Ma Hongkui very much. This is because Ma Hongkui's father had made certain achievements in overthrowing the Qing government, so Yuan Shikai handed over Ningxia in the northwest region to Ma Hongkui and his sons.
Actually, Yuan Shikai’s enthusiasm for Ma Hongkui and his son was only a political performance. On the one hand, Yuan Shikai gave Ma Hongkui and his son a lot of benefits, and on the other hand, he brought Ma Hongkui to Beijing to live, his purpose is to control these The local warlord who holds the military power.
This action is essentially to control the warlord’s family as hostages in Beijing, so that the warlords of the world dare not act rashly and consolidate Yuan Shikai’s own rule.
Ma Hongkui, who left his hometown and came to Beijing, likes this situation very much, because there are many celebrities in Beijing, Ma Hongkui often goes to various salons and social gatherings, and his popularity in Beijing is very good.
After several years of living in Beijing, Ma Hongkui returned to Ningxia, steadily serving as a warlord in Ningxia Province and living a life of rich clothes and food. When Ma Hongkui was at ease as his Ningxia warlord, Chiang Kai-shek rose. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek fought a battle with Feng Yuxiang in order to realize his political ambitions. During this period, most of the warlords chose to wait and see and wait until the outcome is clear before falling to that side.
And Ma Hongkui has a good eye and knows people. He had contact with Chiang Kai-shek when he was in Shanghai, and he also had a certain understanding of Feng Yuxiang. When the battle was halfway through, he saw that Chiang Kai-shek had a great chance of winning, so he went as early as possible. Chiang Kai-shek's side.
After several battles, Feng Yuxiang was defeated and Chiang Kai-shek became the president at that time. Because Ma Hongkui helped Chiang Kai-shek in time at that time, Chiang Kai-shek appointed him as the governor of of Ningxia Province .
After that, Ma Hongkui saw that the domestic situation gradually stabilized, and he became the "tudy emperor" of Ningxia Province with peace of mind.Not only did he make money from the people, he also married 6 concubines and wives, and led a life in heaven and on earth.
Ma Hongkui’s several concubines have constant conflicts, and there are always disputes in his home. Ma Hongkui is also helpless about this. The most common method is to use money to dispel the grievances of the concubines. At that time, the national government was extremely corrupt. The warlords in various places ruled the people even more brutally. Not only did they impose a lot of levies and taxes, but also often used strong men as cannon fodder for their troops, and the people complained.
During the reign of Gansu, Ma Hongkui almost lived a life like an emperor except for not being proclaimed emperor. At that time, he was called "King of Ningxia."
The Tui Emperor covered the sky with his hands, and violently made money
During the 17 years of Ningxia rule, Ma Hongkui brought serious disasters to the people and committed unforgivable crimes to the people.
He searched people’s property very crudely. In order to be able to take over the financial power of Ningxia at that time, he sent his relatives to serve as the Minister of Finance of Ningxia Province. In addition, the Bank of Ningxia Province was gradually reorganized, and his cronies and family members were arranged to hold important positions and served as chairman of the board.
Bank of Ningxia most of the shareholders are Ma Hongkui's family, including his fourth wife Liu Muxia, fifth wife Zou Deyi and so on. Li Yunxiang, who was very good at flattering at the time, was promoted to general manager shortly after joining Ningxia Bank because he had a good relationship with Ma Hongkui.
Ma Hongkui relied on his huge military and economic strength to implement mandatory government purchases of the main economic products of Ningxia, including local specialties, medicines, and food, and made Ningxia local farmers and businessmen miserable. Word.
In terms of bank operations, Ma Hongkui collected all financial products such as deposits, loans, exchanges, discounts and other financial products in Ningxia under the management of the government. In essence, he monopolized financial rights in a disguised form and obtained huge benefits.
In order to search for more wealth, Ma Hongkui even bought and sold drugs and opium wantonly in the local area, completely disregarding the life and death of the people.
Ma Hongkui made no secrets about tax evasion and tax evasion. In the face of people's accusations and legal management, he deceived the people of Ningxia by making fake books, and showed a friendly appearance of charity and love for the people outside. , In fact, secretly and several of his cronies have divided the wealth.
Ma Hongkui's greed is disgusting, because he felt that his wealth was not converged enough, he became a speculative businessman in Ningxia and served as the chairman of several large enterprises in Ningxia.
Ma Hongkui, who was in power at the time, was the emperor in Ningxia. Which companies dared not to hand over the position of chairman of the board? The result can be imagined. At that time, the income of Xingxia Woolen Company's shares reached 97,000 yuan. He planted his family and cronies in major enterprises in Ningxia, and the business benefits he obtained every year were amazing.
Ma Hongkui is full of evil in Ningxia. He has occupied more than 750 houses in various forms, and his annual rent can reach more than 12,000 yuan. Infringement of land amounted to 15,000 mu, and the annual tenant rent even reached 750 shi.
In 1938, in the name of building an airport, Ma Hongkui forced the people living in the city out of the city and demolished all houses, roads, parks, temples, and ancestral halls in order to gain greater benefits.
As Chiang Kai-shek’s corrupt reign gradually declined, other warlords who had defected to Chiang Kai-shek began to worry about their future lives. They are very afraid that the Communist Party will settle accounts with them after they come to power, so they have come up with various ways to escape from China.
Ma Hongkui, who took seven tons of gold to the United States
Ma Hongkui was also actively trying to escape from China during this period. In fact, at that time, our party also sent many cadres to persuade Ma Hongkui to support our party, but Ma Hongkui was terrified. There was no reply to news from our party cadres.
In order not to be liquidated after the War of Liberation, Ma Hongkui took the pretext of going to Hong Kong for medical treatment,Transfer property and family from Hong Kong step by step, and transfer his family and property to the United States little by little.
During the transfer process, Ma Hongkui used almost all his connections and contacts, and eventually his family moved to the United States before the victory in the Liberation War.
Ma Hongkui, who fled, was kind to his concubines and sent away the other three aunts and wives with money, leaving his three most beloved consorts and wives to move to the United States together. In order not to be suspected during the migration process, Ma Hongkui used one of the three concubines as his wife, and the other two pretended to be his secretary and cousin, so as to pass the document inspection.
By 1950, Ma Hongkui and his three aunts moved to Los Angeles, USA. During this period, Ma Hongkui exchanged his property searched in Ningxia for gold, totaling 7.5 tons . It is really infuriating that so much gold is collected from the people.
The last bad thing Ma Hongkui did in Ningxia was similar to Chiang Kai-shek. It was to issue a currency locally and force the people to exchange their hard-earned gold with this currency.
Although everyone knows why this is, if you don’t exchange gold, you will be shot directly if you are found, which is extremely shameless.
Broken family in his later years
Ma Hongkui, who fled to the United States, was still as profligate as he was in Ningxia at first. After a while, he realized that this would be a waste of time, so he started to run some businesses. Because he really likes riding horses, he has bought many ranches in the United States to operate. He often rides horses in the ranches, but the operating conditions of these ranches have been poor, which has caused his economic situation to be in a situation where there is always more outs and outs.
After Ma Hongkui arrived in the United States, because of economic problems,Although he was able to maintain his luxurious life for the time being, he also felt a crisis. Therefore, he took the initiative to reduce some unnecessary expenses, such as no longer buying gifts for his aunt.
As mentioned earlier, Ma Hongkui's aunts and wives are always in conflict and compete for favor in front of Ma Hongkui. At first, Ma Hongkui used money to quell the grievances of his aunts, just like in China, but as time went on, Ma Hongkui began to be stingy with his aunts.
The fourth wife, Liu Muxia, was the first opera actor in the capital. She played the role in the troupe. When she was in the capital, she was Beiyang Government , the wife of a military attache.
Because Ma Hongkui fell in love with her, he used many methods to marry her back home. Liu Muxia was very scheming. When he was in Beijing, he had a very good relationship with Song Meiling . After arriving at Ma Hongkui's house, because of his beauty and understanding of men's psychology, he soon grasped the financial rights of the Ma family .
These aunts and wives have brought a lot of trouble to Ma Hongkui in the United States, especially Liu Muxia. When she was in China, she was not a fuel-efficient lamp, and she often used Ma Hongkui's trust to fill the company's private pockets.
Liu Muxia is not only very greedy for money, she is also a very powerful person. She uses Ma Hongkui to spoil herself more and always find things to suppress other aunts and wives. It turned out that in China, Ma Hongkui used money to settle the matter when other aunts and wives came to file a complaint, but things were different when they arrived in the United States.
Wu Yi's wife Zou Deyi was first a student of Shanghai Guanghua University . After graduating in 1935, she found a job in Ningxia and came to Ma Hongkui's enterprise by mistake. Ma Hongkui saw that she was very beautiful and she was still a top student in the university, so she asked her to be the secretary to the chairman of the Ningxia government. Soon after working in the secretary position, Ma Hongkui married her as a concubine.
In Ma’s family, Zou Deyi is a younger wife,Because of his outstanding appearance and culture, he is very popular with Ma Hongkui. Therefore, Liu Muxia has always hated her, and the conflict between the two continues. In order to reconcile the conflict between the two of them, Ma Hongkui arranged another property for Zou Deyi. This method temporarily calmed the conflict between the two, but still often quarreled.
After arriving in the United States, Liu Muxia still held the financial power of the Ma family, and sometimes deliberately swallowed up the money given to Zou Deyi. Zou was very dissatisfied with this, and the two almost made Ma Hongkui never peaceful.
Once, Zou Deyi finally couldn't stand it anymore, she began to fight back against Liu Muxia, and often filed complaints in front of Ma Hongkui, hoping that Ma Hongkui would support her.
However, Ma Hongkui didn't help Zou Deyi, he just cursed Liu Muxia symbolically, and did not make any substantive punishment, which made Zou Deyi very dissatisfied. As the conflicts between several aunts and wives gradually accumulate, Ma Hongkui has no influence in the United States, and the aunts and wives gradually have two hearts.
Two years later, the younger wife Zou Deyi and another Chinese American fell in love. After thinking about it for a while, Zou De finally decided to file a divorce with Ma Hongkui, which made Ma Hongkui very sad, mainly because he could not accept the loss of face like losing an aunt and his wife, which made him feel very shocked.
Ma Hongkui expressed opposition at the beginning, and he persuaded Zou Deyi heartily to say that he has a lot of money and can give her a good life. And Zou Deyi said that the Chinese American is also very rich, and she hopes Ma Hongkui can bless her to find her sweetheart instead of obstructing her.
In the end, although Ma Hongkui was extremely angry, unlike in Ningxia in the United States, Zou De went through the legal process and finally divorced Ma Hongkui smoothly, and had a more peaceful life with his Ruyi Langjun Life.
With the lengthening of his time in the United States, Ma Hongkui missed his homeland more and more. At this time, the ranch he ran also had problems. Due to poor management and management, Ma Hongkui's ranch was at a loss for a long time.
Ma Hongkui overestimated his business ability. He has repeatedly invested in pastures, but the pastures are still losing money for a long time.No profit, bankruptcy is only a matter of time.
At this time, Ma Hongkui and his grandson Ma Jiahua also had conflicts. When he left China, he took dozens of his family members with him. Ma Jiahua's daughter Ma Ailing was one of the few comforts in the United States when he was old.
Ma Jiahua's father died when he was very young. Therefore, Ma Jiahua has not been protected by his father since he was a child. There are always many disputes in the big family. Ma Jiahua's uncle always suppresses and attacks him.
In addition, Ma Hongkui is also a tiger in the United States at this time. He just waited and watched for his uncle's murderous hand and did not prevent his uncle's suppression. Therefore, Ma Jiahua did not have a good impression of his grandfather. When Ma Jiahua was young, he could only swallow his anger, and when he grew up, he had been working and living outside. I rarely go home, and I feel indifferent to the family.
On the surface, he and his uncle maintain a peaceful state, but in fact, he wants to quickly get rid of the relationship with this family.
At that time, grandson Ma Jiahua put his daughter Ma Ailing next to Ma Hongkui in foster care. The inter-generational relationship between the elders and juniors gave Ma Hongkui a little sunshine in his later years.
Ma Jiahua's status in the family is very low. Ma Hongkui gradually withdrew from the company's management and business affairs in his later years, and he gradually passed the company's business to his sons and grandsons.
However, Ma Jiahua's arrangement was delayed, which made Ma Jiahua, who was already sensitive, very angry. Once, Ma Hongkui transferred his business to another son again, and Ma Jiahua finally saw his place in his grandfather's heart after learning about it.
Because of the great conflict between Ma Jiahua and his uncle, in order to leave the house and stand on his own, Ma Jiahua always works outside, so he has little affection with Ma Hongkui.
Ma Jiahua’s daughter, Ma Ailing, is a very likable child. She is smart, sensible, and well-behaved. She is the emotional sustenance of Ma Hongkui’s later life.
Ma Hongkui hopes Ma Ailing can always be with her,But after all, the child belonged to Ma Jiahua. After several years of foster care at Grandpa Zeng's house, Ma Ailing had reached the age of high school. At this time, Ma Jiahua hoped to take Ma Ailing home to raise her.
This is killing Ma Hongkui. Ma Hongkui first discussed with Ma Jiahua whether he could stay here forever, but Ma Jiahua's attitude was very clear. He wanted to give his children a better education and have a better family.
Seeing that his grandson disagreed, Ma Hongkui began to sloppy. After a while, he said that the child likes to be here, and then said that he would wait for the child to grow up. In short, to obstruct Ma Jiahua in every possible way, which makes Ma Jiahua very dissatisfied.
After a period of negotiations, Ma Jiahua realized that his grandpa was playing tricks. He had been angry at Ma's house, and he took Ma Hongkui to court in anger. Ma Hongkui was angry that his grandson was about to go to court with him, but he was also very panicked, fearing that his beloved great-granddaughter would be sentenced to Ma Jiahua's support.
In the United States, Ma Hongkui could not cover the sky with just one hand like he did in Ningxia. After the efforts of his grandson Ma Jiahua, his great-granddaughter Ma Ailing was finally sentenced to Ma Jiahua. Ma Hongkui has lost the ability to compete with his grandson for children. Despite his perseverance, Ma Ailing still follows her father.
The more pressing problem at this time is that Ma Hongkui's industry and company are not operating well, and his financial problems are becoming more and more urgent.
He first thought that he had a good business acumen, but he was not familiar with the market rules and business environment in the United States. Ma Hongkui spends a lot of money almost every day to fill the gap in the company's operation. After such a long time, Ma Hongkui has not responded. After that, only one-third of the property he had raided from China were left.
This made the Ma family panic. The life of Ma Hongkui's family gradually became less luxurious, and everyone felt the coming winter.
Finally, in 1970, Ma Hongkui, who was suffering from a heart attack, passed away in a depressed pasture at the age of 79 due to a heart attack.
It is worth mentioning that,When Ma Hongkui was dying, he incoherently said to the person who took care of him, "Take me back, take me back." It was obvious that he wanted to return to China very much.
At this time, the Ma family has completely lost the style of a family of officials. He is surrounded by only a few young aunts and wives. The family and children are not around. It can be described as a bleak evening scene.
Ma Hongkui is a typical warlord of the old warlord era in our country. When he was in a high position, he did all the evil things and brought great suffering to the people of Ningxia.
At the same time, he is very cunning, able to make decisions in his favor when political games and disasters are approaching.
However, his experience in his later years also tells people that evil is rewarded, and that his death in ruin and desolation can be regarded as God's punishment.
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