Sixty years ago, a group of "big men" were imprisoned in the Gongde Forest, and the last of them was the rank of general.
This group of people are all war criminals from the national army. , who call the wind and rain in their respective jurisdictions on weekdays, are "have together" this time, and it is also an unprecedented "lively".
This war criminals management office has been commonly called Gongdelin because it is located on Gongdelin Road outside Deshengmen in Xicheng District, Beijing.
After the peaceful liberation of Peking in 1949, until March 1960; In the past ten years, more than 100 senior KMT generals have been escorted here one after another, which can be described as "gathering the stars".
So, does Kung De Lin still exist today?
A long history of Gongdelin, a large prison that has gone through many dynasties
Gongdelin was originally a temple outside Deshengmen in Beijing. More than 100 years ago, during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the governor of Shanxi sent a letter to the court and requested Criminal training centers have been set up in various provinces to allow those who commit crimes to play some of their own aftermath.
Emperor Guangxu approved this memorial request, and prepared to organize it in Beijing, also known as Jingshi at the time, and named it the Jingshi Art Institute.
So in July 1905, with the efforts of all parties, quickly selected the location of Gongde Lin and established the Jingshi Art Institute.
In fact, the Jingshi Art Institute should be called the first labor reform place in China.
So far, Gongdelin has been used by governments in various periods.
As the governor of Shanxi said, the original intention of establishing this workshop was to accommodate prisoners and urge them to reform and learn skills.
on the one hand is to order them to reform through labor,In addition, it also allows them to have a skill after going out. This can be said to be the predecessor of Gong Delin, but the criminals held at that time were not as "fascinating" as these big figures later.
In October 1913, the Beiyang Government renewed the reconstruction work on the original basis, and changed the Jingshi Art Institute into Wanping Prison, which was renamed Jingshi Second Prison the following year.
At the beginning, Liang Qichao was the chief justice of the Republic of China, but after Beiyang warlord came to power, various political disputes continued to appear, the chief justice was replaced, and Gongdelin also ushered in a new transformation. .
The new attorney-general Luo Wengan and others referenced the pattern of a Japanese prison and carried out a complete transformation of the prison.
The reformed prison has detained many progressives. Mr. Li Dazhao, one of the founders of our party, was detained by the enemy and then murdered mercilessly by .
After the fall of the Beiyang government, the national government still used this prison and renamed it the Hebei Second Prison.
At that time, the National Government and our party were very confrontational. The National Government used this prison to imprison many members of our party and imprisoned them here in the name of political prisoners. Later, when the number of people in the prison was the largest, there were seven or eight. Hundreds of people.
When the War of Resistance Against Japan broke out in 1937, the Japanese invaders occupied Beiping, and the national army was preparing to completely withdraw from it. Naturally, the Hebei Second Prison at the time would naturally be abandoned by them.
Premier Zhou obtained the intelligence at that time, and the National Government planned to dispose of all the prisoners held here before withdrawing from Peking.
And among the prisoners at the time, there were dozens of our party members,There are also many advanced revolutionary workers.
So our party organized the mobilization of forces and prepared to go and rescue these comrades, lest they would be attacked by the Kuomintang.
The final plan was set in the middle of the night. After careful arrangements, the Pingxi guerrillas suddenly launched an attack.
At that time, the Kuomintang had no intention to manage this prison which was of little significance to them. The rescue operation was successfully completed and all the detainees were rescued.
This incident shocked the Kuomintang. Since then, they have arrested relevant persons and detained them in another Caolanzi Prison.
The former high-ranking officials were reduced to prisoners, and the national generals "gathered together." After the founding of New China, the newly established Ministry of Public Security took over the prison that had left countless revolutionary ancestors in their blood. It actually became the place where the group of servants were imprisoned at the time.
The central government decided to detain important political prisoners here. These people have caused a lot of bad influence on our party. Moreover, they have served the National Government for a long time and even directly participated in many major decisions. Therefore, it is more difficult to reform.
And most of them were not convinced by the failure of the national army and did not want to bow their heads in front of the party.
In order to reverse this erroneous thinking, the place where Gongdelin was detained was spawned, and the work of ideological reform was concentrated on them.
In the mid-1950s, the central government decided to adopt the principle of non-trial, non-judgment and non-discrimination against these war criminals and imprisoned a large number of senior Kuomintang generals. Most of their names are familiar.
is like the commander of the seventh appeasement district with the highest rank Wang Lingji , as well as the member of the Central Executive Committee and the commander of the second appeasement district Wang Yaowu, the commander of the 9th Kuomintang Corps Lieutenant General Liao Yaoxiang and so on.
In fact, some prisoners of war have already been imprisoned here, such as the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang Army Xuzhou Suppression, the "famous" first-class war criminal Du Yuming .
After these people were detained here, Du Yuming also moved out of the single room and lived in the dormitory.
Du Yuming saw his colleagues again, but he was in such an embarrassing place, which made him think a lot.
Previously, they were in their respective jurisdictions, and they did not have the opportunity to see each other. did not expect everyone to "get together" now.
After these war criminals were transferred to Kung De Lin, many generals who uprised and surrendered early came here to talk to them about the great changes that have taken place outside. Many people's minds are gradually changing.
National generals are in fear, and anecdotes continue to transform their lives
These national generals are themselves more or less unruly people, but after being imprisoned, they have to temper their temper. .
Wang Yaowu met Wen Qiang who had just been captured when he was fetching water. He asked Wen Qiang that after he was captured, he said a few words to the Communist Party on the radio. I don't know how the Nanjing government reacted.
After Jinan was liberated, Wang Yaowu gave a public speech on the radio station, urging the national army to surrender as soon as possible and give up resistance as soon as possible.
Although he has been captured, he still trembles with the views of the Nanjing government.
Wen Qiang told him truthfully that Chiang Kai-shek was so angry that he smashed the radio directly after listening to the radio, and yelled at him that he was a boneless head.
Wang Yaowu was so scared that the bucket was thrown into the well after hearing this, and he was in panic for a long time.
Wen Qiang's performance is different from others.
When the People's Liberation Army conquered Nanjing, their teaching group organized an event and prepared poems for congratulations, but Wen Qiang wrote a poem "Poor jade lion is here, the moon is unknown in front of the gate of the government." 's poem.
Wang Yaowu saw his poem after it was posted on the wall. Wang Yaowu was so scared that he urged him to find an opportunity to tear the poem, otherwise it would be difficult for the Communists to see it.
Wen Qiang sneered at this, saying what the Communists could do with him, even he was ready to dedicate his life to his national government, and the poem was posted on the wall. No one took care of it for more than ten days.
Wang Yaowu made a lot of jokes in Gongdelin. When the prison was preparing for winter cotton clothes, these prisoners all went to carry the cotton clothes for labor reform.
After Wang Yaowu had finished his work, he happened to be eager to pee and he hurried to find a place to pee. As a result, everyone started to walk outside the warehouse. The custodian did not see Wang Yaowu and locked the door without thinking.
Wang Yaowu hurried back after solving his problems. As a result, there was no one, and the warehouse door was locked, which made him very scared.
Counting the number of people found that Wang Yaowu was missing. When he came back and opened the door, he found that he was standing motionless behind the door, his face was earthy and he was sweating.
That night, Wen Qiang asked him what was going on. How could he see him when he opened the door? Is he still in the warehouse?
Wang Yaowu said that he was not afraid of ghosts, but because the Communist Party did not trust him, he locked him in a warehouse to test him. was extremely careful.
Before Wang Yaowu joked with Qiu Xingxiang , he said that he is not a Zhuge Liang , and he worships Guan Yunchang .
At first, everyone didn't take it to heart, but Wang Yaowu seriously found Qiu Xingxiang the next day and told him that he must never worship Guan Yunchang, and he said it several times.
Looking at the other party with an unexpected look, Wang Yaowu told him that Guan Yun had grown up in Cao Ying, but he was definitely not such a person.
In addition to Wang Yaowu doing this ridiculous thing, after other people entered the Gongde Forest, they have many anecdotes from their different lives.
It is like Fan Jiehan holding a bundle of advanced mathematics books in the Kungfu Forest to do questions every day. Qiu Xingxiang asked him what he was doing, and he said that he would rely on this to eat when he went out, and he would go to the university to talk. Go to math class.
Similar to him is Liao Yaoxiang, who studied Marxism vigorously in Gongdelin and even recited the full text of " Criticism of the Gotha Program ".
who was imprisoned in Gongdelin Huang Wei bought a "How Steel is Made" , he doesn't know if he has any, but he got hemorrhoids one day There was no toilet paper in his hand, and the pain was unbearable, and he tore a few pages of how the steel was made and used it to wipe his butt. After being discovered by others, it caused a big criticism.
National general is intoxicated. ’s wife nickname is Xuexue. He behaves very affectionately in the Gongde Forest.Even when listening to songs, I like the white-haired girl's phrase "The north wind blows, and the snowflakes float." It's because there is snow in it.
However, at this time, his wife mistakenly thought that he had passed away long ago and remarried to someone else outside of Gongde Lin.
Completed his mission and exited the stage, "Gongdelin" became Qincheng Prison
After the victory of the Liberation War in , Gongdelin changed its jurisdiction again, and was replaced by the Military Law Department of the North China Military Region and the North China Ministry of Social Affairs. The Interrogation Section took over. The prisoners detained at this time were mainly divided into two parts, except for a small number of senior war criminals.
The prisons in the eastern zone are all prisoners arrested by the Military Law Department of the North China Military Region; in the western zone are prisoners under the supervision of the Interrogation Division, and they are managed separately.
At this time, this prison has been in disrepair for a long time. Decades of wind and rain can cause it to collapse at any time. Moreover, because there is no open space, interrogation room, and even decent toilets, it is no longer suitable for detaining prisoners.
In 1955, it was planned to rebuild a prison at Xiaotangshan at the foot of Yanshan Mountain in the north of Beijing;
1960, located in Xingshou Town near Xiaotangshan Town, Changping District, Beijing The new prison of Qincheng Village was completed and was called "Qincheng Prison" because of its place name. So far Gongdelin Prison officially bid farewell to the historical stage and replaced it with Qincheng Prison.
The layout of Qincheng Prison is more reasonable, and the facilities are more suitable for prisoners .
The starting point for the design of this prison is to divide the boundaries between revolutionary humanitarian thought and previous feudalism and bourgeois , where the prisoner is first a "person", and their most basic medical and health conditions will be obtained. Satisfaction, there is also an environment for daily exercise and exercise.
After the completion of Qincheng Prison,At the beginning, the detainees were still Japanese prisoners, officials of the Puppet Manchukuo, and Kuomintang war criminals, and the standard for "accommodation" was still at least above the major general.
In August 1986, according to the urban construction plan, the Beijing "Gongdelin" prison was demolished, and it was taken over by Beijing Public Security Bureau and became the resident of the Public Security Corps.
The original "Gongdelin" road has also become Xinkang Road.
Here, reforms are carried out on the basis of the prison, and the Civil Affairs Relief Station has been established to provide relief to people in need.
Now the only thing related to Gongdelin is probably the surrounding communities called "Gongdelin".
In August 2000, experts felt that Qincheng Prison could no longer meet the needs of modernization, so they began to build Yancheng Prison in Yanjiao Town, Sanhe City, Hebei Province.
2009 Yancheng Prison The first phase of the project has been completed, and some foreign prisoners who endanger national security have begun to be detained gradually.
As Yancheng Prison is put into use, Qincheng Prison will gradually dilute its original function and change it to a detention center.
The ideological reform has achieved good results, and socialism is shining During the period of time when these war criminals were in Gongdelin, many people have undergone fundamental changes.
The purpose of this transformation is to make these national generals who have been defeated on the battlefield be completely convinced spiritually and spiritually.
The transformation of war criminals is of great significance. These die-hards have been given a chance to re-behave, and seeing that their attitudes have changed, many people with ulterior motives have also begun to quietly change their positions.
From being imprisoned in Gongde Lin to finally going out as ordinary citizens of New China, this is a completely reborn process for these war criminals.
On March 17, 1975, the last 293 war criminals who had served their sentences in Gongdelin Prison and transferred to Qincheng were all released, and "Gongdelin" also withdrew from the stage of history.
After they went out, they had no idea of making a comeback. Their defeat on the battlefield made them realize that our party's army is invincible, and the ideological reform during this period made them realize that only has our party leading the people. Only China can develop better.
The long documentary "General Decisive Battle Is More Than a Battlefield ", which was later adapted based on the real events that occurred in Gongdelin, was published, and what happened during this period was made public for the first time.
caused a lot of shock at home and abroad. On the one hand, it was subdued by the magnanimous demeanor of our party, and on the other hand, it also recognized this socialist humanitarian approach.
Although the Gongdelin Prison has been demolished, for many people, the three words Gongdelin will be an unforgettable memory for them.
Victory in this intellectual battlefield will not be buried in history because the prison is demolished, but is destined to be written into the annals of history.
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