On January 14, 1970, a man who had been active in modern Chinese history for decades, Ma Hongkui died in Los Angeles, USA at the age of 78.
As the former "king of Ningxia", Ma Hongkui has been in power in Ningxia for seventeen years. During these seventeen years, he has caused great harm to the people and the revolutionary cause of Ningxia, and even before he fled to the United States. It transferred up to 7.5 tons of gold, and what he did was exhausted.
However, to everyone’s expectation, this "guilt-filled" warlord leader, before his death, showed a deep obsession with his hometown. always lay in the hospital bed. Shang muttered to himself, "I want to go home."
Ma Hongkui is a descendant of Ma Qianling, an officer of Ningxia in the late Qing Dynasty. Because his ancestors once surrendered to Zuo Zongtang, he was reused by the Qing government. His family gradually grew into a local hegemon, and established in the local area for five years. The 14-year-old armed group-Ma Jiajun.
Ma Hongkui's first half of life: an almost perfect start
Ma Hongkui was born in 1892. When he was young, Ma Hongkui was influenced by the wave of learning new ideas at that time and joined the span _span _span _span confederation. He participated in the student revolution when he was a student.
From the perspective of his background, Ma Hongkui's starting point is not low. Not only is he born in a family, he also actively participates in the revolution, and his future will be hard to limit.
Under the support of the family, Ma Hongkui joined the army very early. The Ma family has practiced martial arts for generations, and Ma Hongkui is naturally no exception. He has developed a good martial arts since he was a child. With this, in 1914, he became an attendant of Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong .
Beiyang Government After the fall, Ma Hongkui was promoted to a brigade commander of the Northwest Army and joined the Feng Yuxiang . In 1926, Ma Hongkui followed Feng Yuxiang and participated in the Northern Expedition. At the same time, he was also appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Route Army of the National Coalition, thus stepping onto the stage of history.
After the conflict broke out between Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek , Ma Hongkui looked at the right time again and chose to leave the Northwestern Army before the outbreak of the Central Plains war in 1930 and join Chiang Kai-shek.
I have to say that Ma Hongkui's vision is very vicious. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek is already firmly established in the Kuomintang. His power is in full swing, and he is a "true" thigh.
But what he didn't expect was that after he took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek, he was not reused. The Kuomintang army was divided into complex divisions according to geographical origin and intra-party relations, and if Ma Hongkui's troops were drawn according to this division method, That is undoubtedly a collateral in the collateral line, it is really difficult to enter the chairman's "legal eye."
Although Chiang Kai-shek still appointed Ma Hongkui as the chairman of Ningxia Province in early 1933, the relationship between the two parties has been very delicate until then.
Unsuccessful official career: the "crack" with Chiang Kai-shek
Under Feng Yuxiang, Ma Hongkui's tribe can be said to be delicious and spicy, especially when he defeated 3span 2_span in 1926. A huge amount of trophies were harvested, but when it came to Chiang Kai-shek, let alone the trophies, even saving his life became a problem.
In 1932, Chiang Kai-shek was very upset because of Ma Hongkui’s inability to "snap the bandits".Ordered to send Liu Zhi to surround Xinyang where Ma Hongkui was based with superior forces, and the war was about to start. Thanks to Ma Hongkui’s father Ma Fuxiang at this time, he saw Chiang Kai-shek with a serious illness. It was possible that the incident was settled, and Chiang Kai-shek’s forgiveness was obtained.
During this period of intercession for Ma Hongkui, Ma Fuxiang's old illness relapsed. Ma Hongkui was very anxious and hurriedly sent his father to Peiping for medical treatment. However, on the way, Ma Fuxiang passed away because of worsening illness.
As a consolation, Chiang Kai-shek sent personnel to offer condolences and appoint Ma Hongkui as the chairman of the Ningxia Provincial Government, but this did not mean that the two reconciled. Chiang Kai-shek was always on guard against Ma Hongkui, and even he even gave orders. When Ma Hongkui took office, he was only allowed to bring two regiments into Ningxia.
At this time, Ma Hongkui didn't want to be loyal to Chiang Kai-shek, but it was a pity that there was a contradiction between him and Chiang that was difficult to bridge from the beginning, which also set the upper limit of his career.
It was not until later that Chiang Kai-shek ordered Ma Hongkui, Ma Bufang, Ma Hongbin and others to stop Sun Dianying going to Qinghai, and the relationship between the two eased. This is also known as the "Four Horses Rejecting Sun" incident.
However, if we look at this matter from the perspective of Chiang Kai-shek, we will find that the matter is not simple. For Chiang Kai-shek, no matter who the Northwest Ma family and Sun Dianying can win the final victory, it will cause the other side. Great weakening, Generally speaking, in Chiang Kai-shek's heart, Ma Hongkui has always been an "outsider".
Ma Hongkui is actually not stupid. In order to prevent himself from retreating to the second line, he wrote a letter to Chiang Kai-shek in a private letter. He also attached a large amount of property to Chiang Kai-shek. Sun Dianying was defeated one after another and finally won the trust of Chiang Kai-shek.
Later, in 1936, Ma Hongkui was awarded the rank of lieutenant general by the Kuomintang because of his merits in destroying Sun Dianying.
As a remote "princely official", Ma Hongkui knew that he was able to do this. Apart from inventing the atomic bomb, he had almost no possibility of rising. Therefore, after he settled down in Ningxia, he started his own business. At present, he has only one thing in his heart to collect money on a large scale, and that is to "make money", and Chiang Kai-shek doesn't bother to control him anyway. After
, Ma Hongkui immediately formulated a number of reform plans to cooperate with him to "make money". In order to independently control the local government, Ma Hongkui planted many of his cronies in politics, literary circles and newspapers.
What Ma Hongkui did in Ningxia, it is impossible for Chiang Kai-shek to be ignorant, but in most cases, he still keeps one eye open.
However, Ma Hongkui’s ambitions really exceeded Chiang Kai-shek’s cognition. During his tenure, Ningxia reported "disasters" to the central government almost every year to avoid taxes. Ma Hongkui has been in politics for decades. , Except for the management relationship, almost half of them have not paid much.
This naturally caused Chiang Kai-shek’s dissatisfaction. After that, he sent many people to Ningxia to try to counterbalance Ma Hongkui by "airborne"
. But the so-called strong dragon does not suppress the snakes. The Ma family has been entrenched in the northwest for many years. The results of these airborne ministers were no exception. They were either "captured" by Ma Hongkui and became a member of the corrupt officials in the northwest, or they were rushed back to Nanjing by Ma Hongkui with various reasons, and Ma Hongkui's power in the local area reached its peak. .
Ma Hongkui has a very wide range of targets for "making money". Perhaps he has already believed that he can sit on this "mountain" for a lifetime. Ma Hongkui has almost no affection, and he has almost blackmailed him from local wealthy businessmen to ordinary people.
in office,He first announced that he would carry out economic reforms, reprint the new currency, and then forcibly expropriate all the old currency in the hands of the local people on this ground. If he was resisted, Ma Hongkui would use force to send troops to arrest people, and all of Ningxia jumped around.
Ningxia is located in the northwest and is sparsely populated. If you want to collect 7 tons of gold by this method alone, Ma Hongkui may have to work for a lifetime. Therefore, after the first round of search, Ma Hongkui stopped very aware of the current affairs. Began to engage in charity and announced that a school would be built in the local area.
At this time, Ma Hongkui has turned his attention to the wealthy businessman in Ningxia. In the name of building a school, Ma Hongkui gathered all the local rich people together and forced them to make donations. With this, Ma Hongkui once again fiercely Search for a sum.
Defeated the United States: a miserable old age
In 1946, in order to prevent the People's Liberation Army from advancing westward, Chiang Kai-shek ordered his confidant general Hu Zongnan to command the 250,000 US Armed Forces. .
And those "Northwestern Snake" Ma Hongkui, Ma Bufang, Ma Hongbin and others must send their own troops to help Hu Zongnan deal with the People's Liberation Army.
For these northwest warlords , this order is deadly. The northwest warlords are full of contradictions. If they really follow the "chairman" to fight, it is estimated that the fight has not yet started. His hometown was next door.
In addition to this, he is also frantically buying real estate in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States to plan for the future.
However, Ma Hongkui's good days have finally come to an end. After the annihilation of Hu Zongnan, the Chinese People’s Liberation Army First Field Army was led by Peng Dehuai,Initiated advances to Ningxia, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces. After hard fighting, successfully liberated the Northwest, and the "Majia Army" has since become history.
In 1949, after Peng Dehuai's army liberated Lanzhou, Ma Hongkui knew that the defeat was set, so he hurried to Chongqing with his family and took refuge in Chiang Kai-shek again.
Although Chiang Kai-shek was dissatisfied with the defeated generals at the front, he could not be dragged out and shot to death, or it would cause a turmoil in the military. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek randomly arranged for him a casual job.
Ma Hongkui certainly refused to remain so silent. After that, he met with Chiang Kai-shek many times, hoping that he could obtain the power corresponding to his "contributions" for many years. However, Chiang Kai-shek has no real benefit except for continuing to paint Ma Hongkui.
At this time, Ma Hongkui knew that he had nowhere to go politically, and finally chose to fly to Taiwan on October 13.
However, Ma Hongkui was not at all ready for defeat. As early as the liberation war , he had a foreboding that his time was about to end, so he took the accumulated over the years early. Wealth is transformed into gold and transferred in time.
In addition to this, he is also frantically buying real estate in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States to plan for the future.
After the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek became discouraged and was even more angry at Ma Hongkui's actions. In his opinion, after so many years of fighting with the People's Liberation Army, he has allowed you to live a good life. Therefore, he deprived Ma Hongkui of his title as an executive member of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang Central Committee and removed him from all posts.
Ma Hongkui was very anxious when he saw that he was unhappy.Under the current circumstances, he may still be sentenced to prison.
So he arranged for his fourth aunt Liu Muxia to go to Hong Kong secretly, asking her to lie that she was seriously ill and wanted to see her husband Ma Hongkui again.
After receiving the telegram from Liu Muxia who was seriously ill, Ma Hongkui made a very sad look and found Chen Cheng , who was in a high position at the time. In this meeting, Ma Hongkui told Chen Cheng how sweet the two were. In the past, I begged to spare myself and let the two meet again. Seeing Ma Hongkui's actions, Chen Cheng felt soft, so he gave Ma Hongkui a month's holiday.
So Ma Hongkui held back his joy and took several of his aunts and wives to Hong Kong, living in the mansion he had bought earlier, and never returned to Taiwan. Ma Hongkui flew to Los Angeles in October 1950 and settled there.
Sitting on a huge wealth, out of the clutches of Chiang Kai-shek, Ma Hongkui probably thought that he was about to lead a happy old age. However, what no one can think of is that this "old life" is not happy at all.
After coming to the United States, Ma Hongkui completely broke away from the center of power and became a lonely family. This made his aunts and wives gradually have the idea of leaving Ma Hongkui. At the same time, facing such a huge family property, Ma Hongkui’s children We also had a "breakthrough" for this.
In the days after, Ma Hongkui's family was full of disputes, and the family members often quarreled. At this time, Ma Hongkui was no longer the "king of Ningxia", and his aunts no longer respected him. Many people chose to break up with him.
Among them is Ma Hongkui’s favorite Zou De. At that time, Zou De fell in love with a Chinese-American professor, hoping to break up with Ma Hongkui. Ma Hongkui was very sad but helpless, and finally chose to agree.
until 1960,Apart from his, Ma Hongkui's side was his great-granddaughter Ma Ailing.
Ma Hongkui loves his great-granddaughter Ma Ailing very much. In this foreign country, the existence of his little granddaughter is his only spiritual pillar. But what I didn't expect was that one day, my love in my heart would also be far away from me.
One day in 1962, Ma Hongkui's grandson, Ma Jiahua, came to the door and expressed that he wanted to take Ma Ailing away. Of course, Ma Hongkui disagreed with this, and the two had a big fight.
Afterwards, Ma Jiahua took his grandfather Ma Hongkui to court and asked him to return his daughter's custody. Ma Hongkui was sentenced to lose.
After Ma Ailing left, Ma Hongkui's life became more and more lonely. In a foreign country, his mood was always very depressed, and in this life experience, Ma Hong's feelings of homesickness in his later years became stronger. He began to miss "home" very much, and often hid his face and wept for it.
Ma Hongkui's physical condition deteriorated sharply in his later years, suffering from severe diabetes, but with the departure of the fourth concubine Liu Muxia and the sixth concubine Zhao Lanxiang, the former "king of Ningxia" became a lonely man. .
Even in the end, he is very rich, but in the end, he can only spend his old age in endless loneliness.
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