In the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), the 61-year-old Wu Sangui visited the Huaguo Temple in Wuhuashan for the last time before launching the rebellion. He visited the woman who affected his life for the last time.
Wu Sangui said. Yuanyuan, I'm going out again. If I go, I may never come back. Thirty years later, what should I make up for the mistakes of that year?
Wu Sangui
Kneeling on the Buddha The nun in front of the seat did not give him any answer, only the soft wooden fish sound echoed gently in the temple. When Wu Sangui left, Chen Yuanyuan didn't look back, but the past 30 years ago suddenly came to mind, disturbing his mind like a dead tree.
Country, love, power, desire, what is the ultimate driving force that determines a man's fate?
Who can have the real answer?
Wu Sangui bid farewell to Chen Yuanyuan
The clear man is from the rise to the man In the process of finally unifying the Central Plains, three generals played a vital role for them, although in the forty-first year of Qianlong (1776), Emperor Qianlong specifically instructed them to be compiled into the "Biography of Qing History. II." "Chen Biography"
These three people are , ancestor longevity, , Hong Chengchou, and Wu Sangui.
Zu Dashou Zi Fuyu, Ningyuan (now Xingcheng, Liaoning) in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, a prominent family in Liaoning for generations, was the uncle of Wu Sangui, and the three brothers of the Zudashou were all generals of the Ming Dynasty (zu Dashou, Zu Dale) , 祖大弼 ). Zu Dashou spent the first half of his life in the Anti-Qing Dynasty. In his early years, he was a guerrilla in Ming Jingdongying. At the beginning of the year, Tian Qi became a subordinate of Guangning governor Wang Huazhen and served as a guerrilla in the army. Wang Huazhen was defeated by Nurhachi in Guangning. Zu Dashou led his troops to retreat to Juehua Island ,Fighting guerrilla warfare has become a headache for Nurhachi. Academician Sun Chengzong After commanding the Liao Dynasty, let Zu Dashou help the general Jin Guan guard the island.
The time when Zu Dashou was most proud of the scenery was Yuan Chonghuan presided over the Liao Dynasty, during which he and Yuan Chonghuan built Ningyuan City together, and Nurhachi lost his face and life in Ningyuan's great victory .
Zu Dashou Shou Ning Yuan
Zu Dashou was promoted to the deputy commander with the victory of Ning Yuan. Later, together with Mangui , they defeated Huang Taiji in Ningyuan, Jinzhou (historically called Ningjin Great Victory ). Gradually became the most effective general under Yuan Chonghuan's account.
When Huang Taiji launched the Beijing attack that killed Yuan Chonghuan, Zu Dashou and Yuan Chonghuan rescued Beijing together. When Yuan Chonghuan was in prison, he showed his loyalty to his superiors. Zu Dashou was extremely angry with the imperial court’s self-destruction of the Great Wall, and led his troops to leave Shanhaiguan . In desperation, the emperor Chongzhen had to ask Yuan Chonghuan to write to Zu Dashou, so that he could serve the country with peace of mind. The old handsome Sun Chengzong also came forward to persuade, Zu Dashou led his troops to return and fight the Qing soldiers.
After Yuan Chonghuan died, Zu Dashou took over his Ning Yuan Jingqi, the Ming Empire 's most combative team. Emperor Chongzhen did not hold him accountable for disobeying the imperial decree. The reason is of course very simple. There is no better candidate to take charge of this army than Zu Dashou.
In the fourth year of Chongzhen (1631), Zu Dashou was ordered by Sun Chengzong to build and garrison the city. The city was just halfway built. Huang Taiji came over.
This time Huang Taiji brought a hundred thousand troops, and the ancestors of Dalinghe only had more than 20,000. Huang Taiji's goal is very simple-the ancestors.
Huang Tai Chi
Huang Tai Chi built four walls on the outskirts of Dalinghe City, trapping the grandfather. The reinforcements of the Ming army were repelled many times. Zu Dashou, who had no food, was trapped in the Daling River for half a year. When the horses, roots, and people in the city were all eaten, he had to "surrender".
After Zu Dashou "surrendered", he was very active and offered to earn back Jinzhou, another important town for his new owner. Huang Taiji trusted him very much and let him go back to Jinzhou. Zu Dashou returned to Jinzhou and turned against the water and became the leader of Jinzhou. Huang Taiji sent troops to attack Jinzhou several times, but was repelled by Zu Dashou.
In February of the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Huang Taiji gathered more than 100,000 elite troops from the Manchu and Qing dynasties and launched the final battle against the Ming Empire. The target was Jinzhou, which was guarded by the ancestors.
Zu Dashou was very confident in holding Jinzhou. Because of Jinzhou’s strong city, and because of sufficient food and grass, he wrote to the Ming court, saying that Jinzhou’s grain is rich and strong. It is no problem to stick to it for half a year. If the court sends reinforcements, it must march cautiously and step by step. , Mo was hit by Huangtaiji's strategy of encircling the spot to fight aid.
Zu Dashou on the battlefield
Zu Dashou is very humble, in fact, under the heavy siege of Huang Taiji, he defended for two full years.
Jinzhou is the most important part of the Guanning Jin defense line built by the Ming Empire against the Qing army. It should not be missed, and the attention is very high. Chongzhen sent the Ming Empire’s civil war hero Hong Chengchou this time and led 130,000 to reinforcements. Jinzhou.
Hong Chengchou and Zu Dashou can be described as the heroes. He knows that the combat power of the Ming army he leads is far inferior to the elite Qing soldiers of Huang Taiji at this time. He stationed in Ningyuan, step by step, and gradually controlled the commanding heights from Songshan to Jinzhou. .
Zu and Hong are not in a hurry, but some people are in a hurry. The Ming Dynasty’s War Department Shangshu Chen Xinjia . This scholar who relies on military talent is really not worthy to sit in the position of the Ministry of War. Having committed adventurism, more than 100,000 people have been on the Songjin front and have repeatedly strongly demanded that Hong Chengchou and Huang Taiji make a quick battle. Huang Taiji is more patient, eating and drinking Lazar cost hundreds of thousands taels of silver a year.Minister Chen looked impatient, so he was crushed to death by a senior official, and his arms could not twist his thighs. In July of the 14th year of Chongzhen (1641), Hong Chengchou led the main force to Songshan, preparing to fight the Qing soldiers. Huang Taiji, who was already sick at this time, was waiting for this day. He had nosebleeds all the way and led the army to rush from Shengjing, and intercepted Hong Chengchou's food path, forcing Hong Bu to fight with him. In the Battle of Songshan, Hong Chengchou's 130,000 army fell apart. Hong Chengchou led the remnants to defend in Songshan for half a year, and was captured in March in the 15th year of Chongzhen (1642).
The news that Hong Chengchou was captured also completely defeated Zu Dashou. In April, Zu Dashou surrendered to Huang Taiji again this time, it was true.
Songshan decisive battle
Songjin battle, Huang Taiji pulled out not only the nail of Jinzhou, but also the two most capable warriors of the Ming Empire.
Zu Dashou was the second entry into the palace. Emperor Chongzhen was mentally prepared, but Hong Chengchou was the most important military minister of the Ming Empire. Sacrifice to the Sixteen Altars", I personally wrote an affectionate memorial essay to commemorate General Hongda and announce it to the world.
But the last news came out that Zhu Youqian spurted blood--Hong Chengchou was down! As for the method used by Huang Taiji to make the general Hongda, who can not eat the fireworks, lower his noble head, it is no longer important, the important thing is Hong Chengchou drew up the pigtails of the Manqing people and put on the official uniforms of the Qing people.
Hong Chengchou Jiang Qing
Hong and Zu performed slightly differently after Jiang Qing. Zu Dashou was basically passive and sabotaged, and he was not enthusiastic about suppressing his compatriots. After the Qing Dynasty, he did not have any outstanding performance except for a painless letter to his nephew, Wu Sangui, to persuade him to surrender; Hong Chengchou was very dedicated. After the Qing army entered , it actively played the role of "civil war hero".
However, after the world was settled, the Qing court didn't give them many meritorious rewards. The two were just exchanging fame and feast for their lives.
This point is different from Wu Sangui who became famous later.
Wu Sangui character Changbo, Han nationality, a native of Jinzhou, Liaodong in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, his father Wu Xiang was the commander of Jinzhou , Wu Sangui had a martial arts exercise, had a good kung fu, he used dozens of horses when he was young He is famous for rescuing his father in the camp of 40,000 murders. The great poet Wu Weiye called him "white-skinned for the least years."
After Hong Chengchou and Zu Dashou came to the Qing Dynasty, the Ming court appointed Wu Sangui as the general army of Liaodong and guarded Shanhaiguan. The collapse of the Ming Empire was unavoidable, but it was not in the hands of the Qing people. The first reason is that Huang Taiji died on August 9th in the 16th year of Zhenzhen (1643). All Qing people’s attention was focused on the transfer of the throne and the power rod. His younger brother Dorgon may become the new successor of the Qing Dynasty, and a fight is inevitable. The second reason is that the Ming Empire placed the last elite force in Shanhaiguan.
Wu Sangui was ordered to guard Shanhaiguan
And when Li Zicheng entered Beijing and Emperor Chongzhen hanged Meishan, the Qing Dynasty also ended the brief power struggle. A woman named Bumubutai ( 庄妃 ) won, and her six-year-old son Fulin ascended to the throne.
For the Dashun regime that has just entered Beijing and the Qing people who have long coveted the Central Plains, they have all targeted Wu Sangui's fat.
Aixinjueluo·Fulin (the third monarch of the Qing Dynasty)
When Beijing fell, Wu Sangui led the main force towards the King Qin of Beijing, and when he walked to Fengrun (now in Hebei), the boss Zhu Youjian was heard He garrisoned troops to wait and see the news of the suicide. For Wu Sangui, the original company has closed down, with his power (more than 50,000 people),It is unrealistic to stand on his own, he has to do nothing more than find a new owner.
Wu Sangui's first choice is Li Zicheng, after all, they are all Han people. The main energy of Wu Sangui and his sons was to fight the Qing people on the battlefield of Liaodong, and there was really nothing to do with the Shaanxi peasant army.
After Li Zicheng entered Beijing, he took Wu Xiang as a hostage and asked him to write a letter to his son Wu Sangui to persuade him to surrender, so that another Ming general who had just fallen to the Dashun regime, Tangtong, brought forty thousand taels of silver and Twenty thousand troops went to Wu Sangui's troops to treat and receive Shanhaiguan.
Tang Tong found Wu Sangui and said that buddies, I will be employed again, so don't rest.
Wu Sangui happily accepted the letter of appointment and settlement allowance (forty thousand taels of silver) from the new boss Li Zicheng, and asked Tang Tong to take over the Shanhaiguan guarded by him.
Shanhaiguan
Tang Tong’s army had just left, and Wu Sangui’s back foot, who had escaped from Beijing, also arrived. Wu Sangui asked Jiading’s three questions that determined the destiny of an era.
NO.1:
(Sangui) asked: "The old man is fine?"
(Jia Ding) replied: "I was caught by Li Chuangwang and went to jail!"
NO.2:
(Sangui) asked: "What about the property?" (Jiading) replied: "It was confiscated!"
NO.3:
(Sangui) asked: "Aunt Chen (Yuanyuan) is fine?" (Jiading) Answer: "Snatched by Liu Zongmin!"
Li Zicheng ah Li Zicheng! He took my father, robbed my property, slept with my woman, and wanted me to surrender!
Wu Sangui was furious, not There is no reason.
Liu Zongmin captured Chen Yuanyuan and died after being captured by the Qing army
From Huang Taiji's attitude towards Hong and Zu, to Li Zicheng's attitude towards Wu Sangui, we can see the vision and strategy of the two regimes at that time Execution. Li Zicheng also wanted to recruit Wu Sangui,But it is obvious that the peasant army that entered the city of Beijing burned, killed, looted, and lost its inherently weak discipline.
Think about the treatment of Hong Chengchou (the Jianghu rumored to be a woman who slept with Huang Taiji), but he was the beloved woman and was slept by Liu Zongmin (of course this is also a Jianghu rumor), Wu Sangui has reason to tear up Li Zicheng's employment letter.
Wu Sangui led his troops back to Shanhaiguan and beat Tangtong, who had just taken over Shanhaiguan, into a bewilderment and took back Shanhaiguan.
Wu Sangui regained Shanhaiguan
Li Zicheng learned that Wu Sangui was against the water, but at this time he was busy in Beijing to claim the title of emperor, and he had no time to personally search for it. He first sent Tang Tong led eight thousand people to conquer Wu Sangui, and was defeated by Wu Sangui again. After that, he sent his general Bai Guangen to lead an army to conquer, but he still lost to Wu Sangui.
On April 13th of the first year of Yongchang in Dashun (1644), Li Zicheng led an army of 200,000 (one say 100,000) and at the same time drove the crown prince of Emperor Chongzhen, as well as Wu Sangui's father, Wu Xiang, to conquer Wu Sangui.
And four days ago, the Qing people’s team had already set off. The young emperor and Shunzhi appointed Dorgon as the commanded general, led the kings, Baylor and one hundred thousand troops, and began to fight against the Qing Empire. A decisive journey.
Following Dorgon’s marching route, it was still the same route as Huang Taiji’s attack on Beijing, bypassing Mongolia and breaking through from to Jizhou, but after walking to Weng on April 15, he received Wu Sangui’s Begging for the letter
Although the truth about Wu Sangui's begging is still unclear, Dorgon still did not hesitate to change the marching route because the sense of temptation was too great-Wuwan Guanning Elite and the world's number one pass.
Dorgon, who was determined to pounce on Shanhaiguan, took a dangerous move. He slowed down his marching speed. On the 20th, he wobbled to Jinzhou. He decided to let Li Zicheng's team go to Shanhaiguan first, and let Li Zicheng's gun push Wu Sangui into his arms.
I received the second letter from Wu Sangui at Dorgon in Jinzhou, to the effect that Li Zicheng's 200,000 army immediately slammed into Shanhaiguan. Brother, you don't come, brother, I can't hold it anymore.
Although I have enough confidence in Wu Sangui’s Guanning iron riding ,But because of the fate of the empire, Dorgon's posture didn't dare to last long. In Jinzhou, Dorgon's army accelerated and rushed to Shanhaiguan.
Li Zicheng's army of 200,000 arrived at Shanhaiguan on April 19. After the last notification was invalid, he launched an attack on Shanhaiguan.
The Battle of Shanhaiguan
Just like Dorgon's judgment, Wu Sangui's combat power and the strong danger of Shanhaiguan, within a few days, Li Zicheng could not capture.
Wu Sangui, who was anxious, sent five more envoys to see Dorgon who had arrived in Huanxiling, and begged to send troops. Dorgon hospitality is warm, but he is concerned about him. In desperation, Wu Sangui went to Dorgon Camp on the evening of the 21st to show his sincerity to surrender.
Wu Sangui Jiangqing
April 22, one of the most memorable days of the Qing empire - Qing soldiers entered the customs .
The entry of the Qing army
The battlefield scene on the 22nd is quite legendary and tragic. That day, Wu Jun and Li Jun were killed in Shihe from morning to noon. Suddenly there was a strong wind, flying sand and rocks, the sky was dim, the sun and the moon were dark, making Li Zicheng confused.
Shanhaiguan Battlefield
When he rubbed his eyes, he saw Manchurian . The Manchurians are here!
Fifty thousand Guanning Army plus one hundred thousand Manchurian Army is synonymous with invincibility. In Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng ushered in the biggest defeat in his life. This time, he never had a chance to stand up again.
Li Zi succeeded or failed to retreat to Shanhaiguan
The fate of war figures
Wu Sangui:
The introduction of the Qing soldiers into the customs, made Wu Sangui an eternal sinner of the Han nation, and brought him 30 years of wealth. Exterminate Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, Nanming Yongli Emperor,It is no exaggeration to say that half of the Qing Empire was defeated by Wu Sangui.
After the suppression of the Central Plains, Wu Sangui's power has never been stronger. Forced by the situation, the Qing people gave Yunnan to Wu Sangui and became the leader of San Francisco . However, as the political situation became more stable, the eradication of San Francisco became the first political task of the Qing Empire.
The Qing court ordered the withdrawal of the vassal in the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673). After hearing the news, Wu Sangui rebelled against the Qing Dynasty and once occupied Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces, but then gradually showed a decline. In the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), Wu Sangui, who knew that the trend had passed, became emperor in Hengzhou, Hunan. During the Great Zhou Dynasty, Jianyuan Zhaowu died of illness in Changsha in the autumn of the same year. In the 20th year of Kangxi (1681), the Qing army attacked, his son Wu Shifan committed suicide, and all the nine families of Wu clan were destroyed.
Li Zicheng:
After the First World War in Shanhaiguan, Li Zicheng retreated to Beijing, and Qing Bing approached Wu Sangui step by step. He proclaimed the emperor on April 29, but only sat on the throne for one day, and left Beijing on the 30th (he did not forget to kill Wu Sangui's family when he left-with the exception of Chen Yuanyuan). After
, Li Zicheng began guerrilla warfare again, and its momentum was declining. In the second year of Shunzhi (1645), in Jiugong Mountain, Tongshan, Hubei, Li Zicheng led his troops to investigate the terrain when he was blocked by the Qing troops and withdrew from the stage of history (life and death became a mystery).
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