A country, a nation, a period of history. In that turbulent era, any cultural relic history has the fate of being lost and disappearing. Compared with the fate of the country, the fate of an object can even be said to be insignificant. , But it is such a great man, he has guarded the country, the people, and also guarded the history of China.
Today I will talk to you about the story in silence.
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Origin
In 1961, Zhou Enlai watched calligraphy and painting at the Bada Shanren Memorial Hall in Nanchang.
The Red Guards rushed into the Forbidden City and he sent an army to guard it!
The Forbidden City of Beijing, where 24 emperors lived in the Ming and Qing dynasties, with 9,999 houses and a half, it is the largest and most complete surviving ancient palace complex in the world. This masterpiece of ancient Chinese architecture can be preserved relatively completely, and it is inseparable from Zhou Enlai.
As early as 1948, when the People's Liberation Army encircled Beiping, Zhou Enlai suggested to Mao Zedong: When attacking the city, we must keep the ancient buildings of the Forbidden City. He also invited the famous architectural expert Liang Sicheng to mark the location of the Forbidden City and other ancient buildings, and print them on the soldiers' manuals of the army.
After the establishment of New China,As the capital, Beijing naturally needs to focus on construction. When making construction plans, many people proposed to demolish the Forbidden City. Some old cadres from poor backgrounds also proposed to demolish the Forbidden City, because when they saw the Forbidden City, they thought of the sufferings of the poor under the old Chinese rule. Soviet experts also proposed to demolish the Forbidden City and place the central administrative region in the Forbidden City.
In this case, Zhou Enlai insisted on keeping the Forbidden City. He believes that the fundamental thing to get rid of feudal ideology is the ideological progress of the people, not to demolish a palace. The Forbidden City is a model of ancient architecture, so it can be preserved for the people to visit! In this way, the opinion that the Forbidden City should be demolished at the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China was rejected.
Later, during the "Great Leap Forward" and "Cultural Revolution", Zhou Enlai also repeatedly came forward to protect the Forbidden City from random transformation and demolition.
On August 18, 1966, after Mao Zedong and Lin Biao met the Red Guards at Tiananmen Square for the first time, Zhou Enlai learned that a group of Red Guards were going to rush into the Forbidden City the next day. rebel. He immediately made the decision to close the Forbidden City and informed Beijing garrison area to send a battalion of troops to guard it. According to Zhou Enlai's instructions, the staff of the Forbidden City refused to open the door on the one hand, and tried to persuade on the other. Seeing that there was no possibility of rushing in, the "teenager" outside the door had no choice but to shout for a while and leave.
Since then, the gate of the Forbidden City has been closed for 5 years, and the Forbidden City was spared when many places of historic interest were destroyed. In July 1971, when the Palace Museum was about to reopen, Zhou Enlai also asked Guo Moruo to organize a team to compile the "Introduction to the Forbidden City",And review the revision and finalize the draft word by word.
" Summer Palace archway is not allowed to be demolished after the "span 13span" rebellion of the began in 1966.
_p13 I went to the Summer Palace many times and threatened to "dug out Wanshou Mountain and fill up Kunming Lake." However, the Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake are so large that it is not easy to do it. So, they fixed their gazes on the crossing archway outside the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace, and wanted to smash it.
Just as the Red Guards set up the ladder and boarded the archway, they were about to be pulled down. Zhou Enlai learned the news. He immediately called the Administration Office of the Summer Palace, asking them to stop the Red Guards, and sent his secretary to the scene to explain the reason to the head of the Red Guards, and solemnly conveyed his opinion to them: "The archway of the Summer Palace must be protected and must not be demolished. ". This archway was protected in this way, and it is still erected outside the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace.
renewed Prince Gong’s Mansion , named "The First Blessing in the World"
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_span13The largest palace in the Qing Dynasty, it was used as the residence of , shen and yonglin . In 1851, Prince Gong Yi Xin became the owner of the house, and the name of Prince Gong’s Mansion was also derived from it. Prince Gong's Mansion has gone through the historical process of the Qing Dynasty from its heyday to its decline, and it carries extremely rich historical and cultural information. Therefore, there is a saying that "a Prince Gong's mansion is half the history of the Qing Dynasty".
In 1962, Zhou Enlai issued a special order to request the relevant departments of Beijing to allocate funds to rebuild the Prince Gong’s Mansion. At that time, the archaeologists accidentally discovered the missing blessing tablet in the Miyun Cave in the back garden of the palace. The word "Fu" has a great background:
It is said that the Emperor Kangxi worried about his grandmother and the empress dowager Xiaozhuang 's body health and "please renew his life": after three days of fasting, he turned his filial piety into a pen. In one fell swoop, it became the conjoined word "Fu Shou" that shone in ancient and modern times. After receiving the word "Fu", Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang's body has miraculously recovered. Thanks to the emperor's pains and filial piety, and in order to permanently preserve the unique word "Fu" in the world, the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang ordered people to inscribe it on a stone tablet, touch it day and night, and pray for blessings. The folks call this a blessing brought about by Kangxi's "please renew your life".
Beijing people often say: "You must be in the Forbidden City, you must be domineering when you go to the Great Wall, and you must be in the blessing of the king when you go to the Great Wall!" It comes from the "Blessing" stele written by Kangxi imperial pen and stamped with the seal of "Kangxi imperial pen treasure".Therefore, when Zhou Enlai learned that the monument was discovered, he readily named it "the first blessing in China", also known as "the best blessing in the world."
Qufu's'three-hole' building
no one will be allowed to destroy the _spanspan _spanspan13 13 in 1966 Tan Houlan, the leader of the rebel faction, came to Qufu to launch the so-called "Discussion on Confucius Movement". They smashed the Confucian Temple, destroyed the old site of Kongfu, Konglin, and Lu Guo, smashed ancient monuments, flattened Kongfu...
Zhou Enlai immediately gave instructions after learning of the situation: “The'three holes' building in Qufu must not be destroyed by anyone, and Tan Houlan must return to Beijing within three days.” He stopped the mob in time. The brutality prevented the "three holes" from greater damage.
Qufu Confucian Temple Dacheng Hall _span15 _span _span _strong 1969 span13 _span _sp0Under tremendous pressure from all quarters, Zhou Enlai resolutely issued instructions to overhaul the Confucian Temple Dacheng Hall , and the state allocated 130,000 yuan to focus on repairing the Dacheng Hall. Following Zhou Enlai's instructions, the relevant departments of Shandong Province and Qufu County completed the overhaul of the Dacheng Hall in 1970.
secretly acquired cultural relics lost overseas
is also the most ancient Chinese painting of "spanspan" created by Hanspanspan in the Tang Dynasty _span13. One of the few authentic paintings of the Tang Dynasty, ranked among the top ten famous paintings handed down in China. In 1900, the Eight-Power Allied Forces ransacked the Forbidden City, "Five Bulls" was robbed abroad, and there has been no news ever since.
Han Yan "Five Bulls Picture" _strong9350 _strong9350 _strong9350 13 Zhou Enlai received a letter from this patriot. The letter said that he originally wanted to buy from a painting dealer to dedicate it to the country, but suffered from insufficient financial resources. He eagerly hopes that the central government can buy back the Chinese painting treasure that was lost overseas. .Zhou Enlai immediately gave three instructions to the Ministry of Culture, which was in charge of cultural relics work at the time:
1. Send experts to Hong Kong for identification and confirm the authenticity. If it is genuine, buy it immediately; _p13span p0 Dispatch reliable personnel to escort to ensure safety;
3. After the cultural relics are returned, they should be handed over to the unit with good storage conditions for safekeeping.
after
Ministry of Culture Zhou Enlai received instructions to immediately organize experts Hong Kong, identification of "Penta-Bull The picture is indeed authentic, and after many negotiations, it was finally bought for 60,000 Hong Kong dollars.
After the founding of New China, the Director of the Cultural Relics Administration of the Ministry of Culture Zheng Zhenduo learned that a large number of precious cultural relics lost were brought to Hong Kong. After careful consideration, Zheng Zhenduo gave an urgent report to Guo Moruo, then director of the Culture and Education Commission of the State Council, and Minister of Culture Shen Yanbing .After repeated discussions, the three decided to report the situation to Zhou Enlai in the name of the Ministry of Culture.
young boy " Mid-Autumn quote "
Wang Xun " Bo far post "
In March 1951, after receiving the report, Zhou Enlai immediately agreed that the state should allocate special funds to rescue cultural relics and set up a cultural relics acquisition team to secretly purchase cultural relics and rescue a batch of precious cultural relics in a timely manner when the country’s financial difficulties were very difficult. Came back. The most famous among them are Wang Xianzhi's "Mid-Autumn Tie" purchased from Hong Kong in 1951 and Wang Xun's "Bo Yuan Tie" by Wang Xun .
Since then, the cultural relics acquisition team has successively acquired many precious cultural relics in Hong Kong, such as "Xiaoxiang Picture" of Dong Yuan, Song Huizong's "Span 13_span stone" of the auspicious dragon span13_span 15span More than 40 paintings and calligraphy, including " Tread Song Picture" by Yuan, "Picking Wei Picture" by Li Tang, "Picture of Fisherman" by Wu Zhen, " Han Xizai Night Banquet Picture" by Gu Hongzhong work,They are all treasures of ancient painting art.
Well, today's story will stop here, and thank you all for listening and watching.
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