Introduction
For Hu Qiaomu, Deng Xiaoping once said: " Comrade Qiaomu is the first pen of our Central Committee, but he has drafted many important central documents in the past. He, but he was also very reusable. At that time, several people opposed him, and the chairman still re-used him.”
Speaking of Hu Qiaomu’s shortcomings, Deng Xiaoping said: “He also has shortcomings and weaknesses. , Also a bit stubborn and full of bookishness, but it is different from those who see the wind."
Picture|Deng Xiaoping and Hu Qiaomu together
01 Hu Qiaomu returned to the political arena with the help of Deng Xiaoping
In 1975, 63-year-old Hu Qiaomu suddenly became active. In June of the same year, Hu Qiaomu served as the head of the Political Research Office of the State Council. Hu Qiaomu, who had been dormant for nine years, returned to the political arena and attracted everyone's attention.
Suddenly, why did Hu Qiaomu suddenly come back? This is closely related to Deng Xiaoping's comeback.
In 1973, with the support of Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping returned to the political arena as Vice Premier of the State Council. In January 1975, Deng Xiaoping served as Premier of the State Council, Vice Chairman of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and Chief of Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.
In January of the same year, Zhou Enlai issued the "Request for Instructions on the Division of Labor of the Vice Premiers of the State Council". This report clearly stated: During Zhou Enlai's recovery from illness, Deng Xiaoping, acting prime minister, chaired the meeting and submitted the main documents for approval. This report was quickly approved by Mao Zedong. Since then, Deng Xiaoping has actually presided over the daily work of the State Council and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Picture | Young Hu Qiaomu and his wife Gu Yu
January 6th of the same year,Deng Xiaoping specially invited Hu Qiaomu to talk. During the conversation, Deng Xiaoping said: "I want to find the original team like you to serve as consultants to the State Council. These people are like the former team of Diaoyutai and write some important theoretical articles."
In theconversation, Deng Xiaoping also mentioned the capitalist world economic crisis, the social nature of the Soviet Union, and the issues of war and peace.
Deng Xiaoping emphasized: These problems are urgently needed to be solved by the masses at home and abroad. Since the Nine Commentaries, there are few articles that can systematically solve and answer questions like this. Today's articles can only be summarized in one sentence, that is, there is no argument.
Therefore, today's Deng Xiaoping urgently needs Hu Qiaomu's "pen in the party" to help him.
Hu Qiaomu was originally named Hu Dingxin and was born in Yanbenzhuang, Yancheng County, Jiangsu Province in 1912. His father, Hu Qidong, was a Chinese scholar when he was young. He participated in and led the Revolution of 1911 with Sun Yat-sen and witnessed the changes of the times, so he named his son Hu Dingxin.
Under the influence of his father, Hu Qiaomu was very talented at a young age and was good at writing poetry. When he was very young, he inherited his father's good habit of studying with great concentration and had good writing skills.
Picture|Picture of Hu Qiaomu when he was young
In 1924, Hu Qiaomu was admitted to the Eighth Middle School of Jiangsu Province. After entering high school, Hu Qiaomu showed a different literary talent and talent from others. In his senior year of high school, he also wrote an "Modern Literature and Art Observation" and "Farewell", showing his literary talent.
In 1930, Hu Qiaomu was admitted to Tsinghua University Department of Physics. In this most outstanding university in China, Hu Qiaomu reads eagerly on the one hand, and pursues the light with determination on the other.
Soon, Hu Qiaomu and his alumni Qiaohuahe and Zeng Dixian participated in the " Left League ".In December of the same year, he joined the Communist Youth League organization and served as secretary of the Youth League branch of Tsinghua University.
Subsequently, Hu Qiaomu also served as the secretary of the Communist Youth League Beijing West Suburban Committee, and also edited the revolutionary publication "Northern Youth". Since then, Hu Qiaomu has officially embarked on a very firm revolutionary path.
In September 1931, Hu Qiaomu only studied at Tsinghua University for one year and was already a member of the Beijing Municipal Party Committee and full-time Minister of Propaganda. Soon, Hu Qiaomu exposed his identity by participating in the revolution, and his name was also listed on the blacklist of the Beiping City Public Security Bureau.
Picture|In August 1945, Hu Qiaomu accompanied Chairman Mao and Vice Chairman Zhou to Chongqing for negotiations (Hu Qiaomu on the right)
In desperation, Hu Qiaomu left the school alone. In March 1932, Hu Qiaomu left Peking and returned to his hometown to secretly participate in the party's underground work. In the summer of this year, Hu Qiaomu secretly joined the Communist Party of China, engaged in underground party propaganda work, and founded the literary and artistic periodical "Hai Xia" for freedom and democracy.
Hu Qiaomu, who was engaged in revolution, did not give up his studies. After seeking help from Zhu Ziqing and returning to Tsinghua campus to no avail, he came to Zhejiang University foreign language department to study. But because Hu Qiaomu was engaged in revolutionary activities, he was quickly expelled.
is where gold shines. After Hu Qiaomu left the campus, he successively published articles such as "Comments on the Red Army Is Indestructible" and "Enemy Hu, Friend Hu" in the "Meng Bao" of the Social Union.
Soon, Hu Qiaomu's talent aroused the attention of Yan'an high-level officials. In May 1937, Hu Qiaomu received the news that Feng Xuefeng informed him to leave Shanghai and head to Yan'an.
In July of the same year, Hu Qiaomu arrived in Yan'an smoothly. The first thing that came to Yan'an, he changed his name to "Qiao Mu" Hu Dingxin, which he had used for more than 20 years.
Figure | Mao Zedong and Hu Qiaomu
in Yan'an,Hu Qiaomu was quickly appreciated by Mao Zedong. At the Politburo meeting on February 19, 1941, when the Central Committee decided to strengthen the Central Secretariat, Mao Zedong asked Hu Qiaomu to come to the Politburo and serve as his secretary.
02 After Deng Xiaoping came back, Hu Qiaomu came to work with him
For Hu Qiaomu, who is not yet 29 years old, being able to work with Mao Zedong every day is the most important turning point in his life. This time I come to Deng Xiaoping. Working around is also another major opportunity and turning point.
After Deng Xiaoping returned, he carried out a series of rectifications throughout the country, including rectification of theories and thoughts. All these tasks need people to carry out, and Deng Xiaoping called on Hu Qiaomu.
Deng Xiaoping also instructed Hu Qiaomu: "We must find more people and bring more people to write articles. It is better to organize a writing team."
On June 8, 1975, Deng Xiaoping went to Hu Qiaomu again Talk, and say: " don't call consultants. We plan to set up a political research room. You and Deng Liqun will work together." Vice Chairman, it is not possible to set up the Political Research Office in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and then subordinate it to the State Council.
Picture|Photo of Hu Qiaomu
At this time, Deng Xiaoping was the Vice Premier of the State Council, and also presided over the work of the State Council, so the Political Research Office was established in the State Council.
This research room is not called the "Policy Research Room" but the "Politics Research Room". People simply call it the "State Affairs Room". In fact, it is also Deng Xiaoping's writing, theory, and work team.
Deng Xiaoping and Hu Qiaomu also emphasized: The Political Research Office of the State Council has a total of three tasks: writing articles, the Department of Management, and editing " Mao Xuan ". To learn articles is to write important theoretical articles; to edit "Selected Works of Mao Zedong" is to edit "Selected Works of Mao Zedong".
As for the management department, it is to manage Chinese Academy of Sciences Philosophy and Social Sciences Faculty. Originally this was managed by the Ministry of Education. However, due to the over-heavy task of reorganizing the Ministry of Education, Deng Xiaoping let the Political Research Office of the State Council take charge of the Faculty. .
In addition, Deng Xiaoping also proposed that the Faculty of Education should create a journal, which should also be organized by the State Council Office of Government Affairs, to create its own public opinion position, and to support and guide rectification from the ideological and theoretical perspective.
Picture|Hu Qiaomu with his family
In this way, Hu Qiaomu became the head of the State Council's Government Affairs Research Office, and let Hu Sheng, Wu Lengxi, Li Xin, Yu Guangyuan, Xiong Fu, Several great talents such as Deng Liqun formed the leadership team.
From then on, Hu Qiaomu completely ended his leisure life and became a busy man. According to his diary record: He went to Deng Xiaoping only 25 times.
Approved by Mao Zedong, Hu Qiaomu participated in the compilation of "Selected Works of Mao Zedong". This appointment is a very important appointment for Hu Qiaomu, which shows that Mao Zedong is still reusing him.
For this work, Deng Xiaoping instructed: "You alone are responsible for the text of the "Selected Works of Mao". After you finalize the draft, I will hand it over to Chairman Mao for review."
Deng Xiaoping admired the speech of "Great Relations" very much and hoped that it could be sorted out and published as soon as possible. Therefore, he handed over this task to Hu Qiaomu, hoping that he could sort it out and publish it as soon as possible.
Picture|From the left are Yang Shangkun, Hu Qiaomu, Guo Moruo, Deng Xiaoping, Mao Zedong
Then, Deng Xiaoping began to rectify the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and sent Hu Yaobang to the college to be responsible for the work of the party group and concurrently as the deputy dean. As soon as Hu Yaobang took office, he spent more than 20 days drafting the "Several Issues Concerning Scientific and Technological Work", which was later changed to the "Outline of the Work Report of the Academy of Sciences", and the first draft was completed.
August 26,Deng Xiaoping met with Hu Qiaomu, hoping that Hu Qiaomu could help revise the manuscript. So, after nine years of dusty "this pen", after reading a lot of books, he finally started to return to his old business.
In the "Reporting Outline", Hu Qiaomu also added important words such as "theoretical research should not be arbitrarily belittled, blamed or even insulted", "if you don't engage in technology, politics doesn't matter if you are in charge" and other important words.
On September 21, Hu Qiaomu successfully completed the revision of the manuscript and changed the title to "Outline of the Work Report of the Academy of Sciences". Then, Hu Yaobang, Hu Qiaomu, Wang Guangwei and others repeatedly revised it.
Picture|Deng Xiaoping photo
03 Deng Xiaoping came out for the third time, and Hu Qiaomu wrote a review letter
While drafting the "Report Outline", Deng Xiaoping instructed the State Planning Commission to preside over the drafting of the "About Deng Xiaoping still gave Hu Qiaomu the task of revising the important document "Several Issues in Accelerating Industrial Development."
While revising these two documents, Hu Qiaomu deeply felt that there must be a propaganda position. According to Deng Xiaoping's opinion, and with Mao Zedong's consent, , a journal organized in the name of the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was approved.
Soon, on the inaugural issue of "Ideological Front", it officially approved the publication of the title "The General Outline of the Work of the Whole Party and the Country" ("The Theoretical General Outline").
This article focuses on Mao Zedong’s three directives: “uplift the national economy”, “realize stability and unity”, and “learn the theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat” as the general outline. The starting point and destination of this work.
Unfortunately, "Ideological Front" did not come out in the future, and it was aborted.
Picture|"The General Outline of the Work of the Whole Party and the Country"
Soon, Deng Xiaoping experienced the "third fall" in his political career, and Hu Qiaomu was also greatly impacted. Under severe high pressure,He had to do something against his will. But overall, he has not been crushed and has withstood the test.
The "October Revolution" on October 6, 1976 reversed the development process of history, and Hu Qiaomu finally showed a gratified smile on his face.
On March 1, 1977, the Central Committee decided to establish Mao Zedong's Works Editing and Publishing Committee. The editorial committee has an office, which is not only the working department of the Party Central Committee for drafting documents, but also the office of the editorial committee.
Wu Lengxi, Hu Sheng, Li Xin, Xiong Fu and others are all deputy directors of the editorial board office, but Hu Qiaomu was excluded, which made him feel very wronged.
Soon, the Political Work Team of the State Council notified the relevant leaders of the Political Research Office that the Central Committee had decided to abolish the Political Research Office and that the staff would be reassigned to work, hoping that they could do a good job in the aftermath as soon as possible.
Picture|Deng Liqun and his family
Hu Qiaomu was very worried about this situation, and said to Deng Liqun several times : "Comrade Xiaoping reorganized the theoretical team for this art, and now it’s hard to change The research room has been set up, but it is now divided into two."
Deng Liqun believes that it is unfair to Hu Qiaomu to think that Hu Qiaomu was under a lot of pressure at the beginning. He believes that Hu Qiaomu did a lot of work for Chairman Mao in the past, and he also did a lot of work in the 1975 reorganization. No one can replace the talents in this area.
In addition, Deng Liqun also agreed with Deng Xiaoping's opinion that the Political Research Office should not be dissolved easily. So, he talked to Wang Zhen, Chen Yun and others about Hu Qiaomu's situation and won their understanding. On the other hand, Deng Liqun looked for various reasons and tried his best to delay the cancellation of the Political Research Office.
Soon, Chen Yun invited Hu Qiaomu to his home for a leave talk, which included both criticism and praise. Wang Zhen also came to the home of a marshal to reflect the situation.Explain the truth of the matter.
Picture|Chen Yun and Deng Xiaoping
Many old comrades Yu Qiuli, Chen Xilian, Li Xiannian, Hu Yaobang, and Luo Ruiqing understood the situation after they knew the situation. Of course, it is important to gain the understanding of these people, but the most important thing is to look at Deng Xiaoping's attitude.
In late May 1977, Deng Xiaoping asked Deng Liqun and Wang Zhen to visit his home. At that time, Deng Xiaoping was going out again and preparing to reinstate all the central leaders who had been removed from their posts. Everything became clear.
Wang Zhen is a man who dares to act and is very savvy and capable in dealing with problems. He believed that Deng Xiaoping must have a pen to work now, so he suggested that Hu Qiaomu write a letter to Deng Xiaoping, asking him to admit his mistake to Comrade Xiaoping, and then forward it to Deng Xiaoping,
May 24, Wang Zhen and Deng Liqun came to Deng Xiaoping's home, discussed various situations they were facing at the time, and solicited their opinions. During the period, they also talked about the issue of Hu Qiaomu.
Wang Zhen said to Deng Xiaoping: " Hu Qiaomu wrote a self-criticizing letter and asked us to forward it to you. He said that he made a mistake and I am very sorry to you."
Figure | Founding General Wang Zhen
Deng Xiaoping just waved his hand and said: "It's nothing, I don't mind it."
In addition, Deng Xiaoping also specifically explained: "Let Qiao Mu not write self-criticism or write letters. Let Comrade Qiaomu lay down the burden and don't have any burden on this matter."
For Hu Qiaomu, Deng Xiaoping also made a positive evaluation: "Comrade Qiaomu is the first pen of our Central Committee. In the past, he drafted many important documents of the Central Committee. .Although Chairman Mao criticized him, he used him very much. At that time, several people united against him.The chairman insisted on reusing him.
Speaking of Hu Qiaomu's shortcomings, Deng Xiaoping said: " He also has shortcomings. He has weaknesses, and is also a little stubborn. He is full of bookishness, but he is different from those who make the rudder. "
Deng Xiaoping also said: "In short, we have to reuse Hu Qiaomu." As for what kind of work and how to use it, we need to discuss and exchange views with some comrades. The future will be discussed in the future, and those who use it will still use it anyway. ”
Picture|Deng Xiaoping, Hu Yaobang, Chen Yun
04 With the help of Deng Xiaoping, Hu Qiaomu reached the highest political peak
Deng Xiaoping knows people well, is open-minded, and fully affirms Hu Qiaomu. The analysis, tolerance and understanding of him also allowed Hu Qiaomu to come out of the predicament again.
Since then, Hu Qiaomu has once again become Deng Xiaoping’s assistant and drafted many important documents for Deng Xiaoping. According to Deng Xiaoping’s opinion, the Political Research Office of the State Council formally The name was changed to the "State Council Research Office", led by Hu Qiaomu, Yu Guangyuan, and Deng Liqun.
Soon, Hu Qiaomu was appointed as the first dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
After being reused by Deng Xiaoping, Hu Qiaomu It became a pen beside him. Originally, Hu Qiaomu drafted documents for Mao Zedong. Now, he began to draft documents for Deng Xiaoping.
From February 1977, Hu Qiaomu formally drafted the "Implementation of the Socialist Principles of Distribution According to Work" "In order to correct the "Left" concept, it played a great role in bringing chaos in the economic field.
Figure|Deng Xiaoping photo
At the same time, Hu Qiaomu was busy with Deng Xiaoping at the opening of the National Science Conference To prepare for the final draft of his speech. As Hu Qiaomu knew Deng Xiaoping’s ideology very well, he wrote a lot of "Four modernizations, the key to scientific modernization", "Science and technology are productive forces" and so on.
In accordance with Deng Xiaoping's request, Hu Qiaomu summarized Deng Xiaoping's series of expositions on science and technology since 1975 and 1977, emphasizing the important role of science and technology and a series of policies and guidelines on social science and technology.
In addition, Hu Qiaomu was also ordered to revise Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the National Education Work Conference , and drafted Deng Xiaoping’s speech at the Ninth National Congress of the Chinese Trade Union at , and this speech also became The guidelines of the Chinese trade unions.
Hu Qiaomu officially returned at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee. At that time, Hu Qiaomu was not yet a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, so he could only attend this important meeting as an attendee.
Prior to this, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a Central Working Conference in November. The meeting lasted 36 days and prepared for the convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Tenth Central Committee of the , which became an important turning point in Chinese history.
Picture|Sequence: Wang Dongxing, Deng Xiaoping, Hua Guofeng, Ye Jianying
This meeting successfully brought the chaos out and shifted the focus of the party's work to the socialist modernization drive. Therefore, Deng Xiaoping believed that Hu Qiaomu must participate in this meeting.
Hu Qiaomu is only an attendee, and his participation is still quite limited. Official attendees are at least as alternate members of the Central Committee. But at the "Eleventh National Congress", Hu Qiaomu was not even an alternate member. To enter the list of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, he must wait until the "Twelfth National Congress."
However, at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Hu Qiaomu was co-opted as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China by exception, and this additional procedure was ratified at the Twelfth Congress.
Therefore, Hu Qiaomu drafted the Communiqué of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee for this meeting, which was recorded in the annals of history since then .After the meeting, Hu Qiaomu served as Secretary-General of the Central Committee and Director of the Office of Mao Zedong's Writings Committee.
In 1980, under the auspices of Deng Xiaoping and Hu Yaobang, Hu Qiaomu spent a whole year and three months to draft the "Resolution on Certain Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic", which really started from the guiding ideology. Completed the chaos anyway.
Picture|Photo of Hu Qiaomu
After completing the "Resolution on Certain Historical Issues of the Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic", Hu Qiaomu began to draft documents for the upcoming "Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party".
At this conference, the formalities for ratifying and adding Hu Qiaomu as a member of the 11th CCP, and for being formally elected as a member of the Central Committee, pushed Hu Qiaomu to the political peak of his life. This year, he is already 70 years old.
Deng Xiaoping and Hu Qiaomu depended heavily on each other, made mutual achievements, and made indelible contributions to the modernization of the party and the country.
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