Yang Kaihui
On November 14, 1930, Chairman Mao’s beloved wife Yang Kaihui died heroically in Changsha, only 29 years old. A month later, Chairman Mao, who was far away in Jinggangshan , learned from the newspaper the sad news about his wife's sacrifice, and he was distraught. Chairman Mao immediately wrote a letter to his mother-in-law Xiang Zhenxi and sent 30 yuan as funeral expenses.
In the letter, Chairman Mao blamed Yang Kaihui for his sacrifice. He wrote: " Kaihui's death will never be redeemed. ” From his marriage in the winter of 1920 to Chairman Mao in 1927 Leading the autumn harvest uprising, Yang Kaihui lived with Chairman Mao for only 7 years. The two have three children: Mao Anying, Mao Anying and Mao Anlong.
Chairman Mao’s career is too big. He wants to change the fate of the most suffering people in China. In the eyes of countless people at that time, this is wishful thinking, but Yang Kaihui firmly believes that her husband will succeed. She is a wife; she is a mother; she is a secretary; she is a firm revolutionary partner who will never change until death.
When the enemy proposed to release her from Chairman Mao, Yang Kaihui flatly refused. She said: "You want me to break away from Mao Zedong, unless the sea is dry and the rocks are broken!" Before the sacrifice, the executioner asked Yang Kaihui what his last words were. , She shouted: " I do not regret my death, I hope the revolution of Runzhi will succeed as soon as possible! ”
At the last moment of life, Yang Kaihui picked up his son Mao Anying, who was arrested together,Said to him: "My dear child, when you have the opportunity to go out to see your dad in the future, you will say that I have not done anything sorry for him, and that I have been missing him very much. I can't help him anymore, please take care of him. "
At the end of 1945, Mao Anying returned to Yan'an from the Soviet Union. When he informed his father of his mother's last words, he burst into tears before he finished speaking. In February 1957, Yang Kaihui's youth friend and widow of Liu Zhixun martyr Li Shuyi wrote a letter to Chairman Mao.
Chairman Mao and Mao Anying
In the letter, Li Shuyi hoped that Chairman Mao would send her a copy of " Poppies on the Pillow " that was written to Yang Kaihui. Chairman Mao wrote back to Li Shu in May of that year. He did not copy "Poppy on the Pillow", but the famous "Butterfly Love and Flower · Answer to Li Shuyi":
Chong Xiao Nine. Ask Wu Gang who owns it, Wu Gang holds out the sweet-scented osmanthus wine .
The lonely Chang'e comfortably stretches his sleeves, a long sky and a loyal soul dance. Suddenly it was reported that there was a tiger in the world, and tears burst into pouring rain.
"Pride Yang" is Chairman Mao's praise to Yang Kaihui. It stands to reason that "Jiao" should be used to address children. My friend Zhang Shizhao asked why, and Chairman Mao blurted out, "Women's revolution loses her character (head), so she is not arrogant!" At that moment, everyone knew that Chairman Mao's treatment of Yang Kaihui Missing has never stopped.
About three weeks after replying to Li Shuyi's letter, Chairman Mao met in Beijing with Chen Yuying, the nanny who was in Qingshuitang in Changsha. This is the first time the two have met in 30 years. Chairman Mao expressed his gratitude to Chen Yuying for taking care of the children.After understanding the situation before and after Yang Kaihui's imprisonment, Chairman Mao fell into pain. He said:
"Kaihui was actively advocating armed struggle at that time. The Yang family's favor to me is not shallow, and Kaihui helped me a lot. Kaihui’s sacrifice is majestic, and there is Yingying beside him! Seeing you, I am like seeing Kaihui. I hope you will come to Beijing often in the future and come to see me."
Yang Kaihui and Mao Anying, Mao Anying, Mao Anying
According to the memories of Mao Anying and Shao Hua, they once hoped that their father would copy a copy of "Butterfly Love and Flower: Answer to Li Shuyi" for them as a memorial. Chairman Mao didn't say anything, he got up from the sofa and walked slowly to the table. It took a long time for Chairman Mao to pick up a pen and write four words, " I lost Yang Hua ".
On November 15, 1962, his mother-in-law Xiang Zhenxi passed away. Chairman Mao sent a condolence call to Yang Kaizhi and 500 yuan. In the telegram of condolences, Chairman Mao emphasized: "The funeral can be shared with Comrade Yang Kaihui, my dear wife. Our two families are the same family, regardless of each other."
At this time, 32 years have passed since Yang Kaihui's sacrifice. , And Chairman Mao is already a 69-year-old man. "My dear lady" comes from the country's highest leadership population. You can imagine his infinite affection for Yang Kaihui. For a long time, many people have regarded Yang Kaihui as Chairman Mao's first wife, but it is not.
Chairman Mao walked out of Shaoshan, and his parents arranged a marriage for him. As we all know, arranged marriages in feudal society are a common phenomenon, especially for Shaoshanchong , which was closed in the late Qing Dynasty. So,Who is Chairman Mao's wife? Why are there so few deeds about her nowadays? Chairman Mao is full of affection for Yang Kaihui and He Zizhen. What is his attitude towards getting married?
To answer these questions, we still have to start with Shaoshan Chong, where Chairman Mao was born. In the late Qing Dynasty, Shaoshanchong was an almost closed small village. At that time, there were too many small villages like this on the land of China. Shaoshan 's arable land area is too small, more than half of the arable land is occupied by landlords and evil gentry, and many villagers are forced to go out begging during famine years. At that time there was a song saying:
"Three knives are on the farmer's head: the rent is heavy, the interest is high, and the excessive taxes and taxes are like cow hair; three roads in front of the farmers: throwing into the river, hanging up, and going to prison." Nine of the ten families are poor, and there are women who marry Shaoshan Chong, sweet potato chai sticks to live her life."
Shaoshan Chong Chairman Mao’s Former Residence
Compared with other poor families in Shaoshan Chong, the family born of Chairman Mao is relatively Substantial. In July 1936, the famous American journalist Edgar Snow interviewed Chairman Mao at the security guard in northern Shaanxi. Chairman Mao was 43 years old this year, and 9 years have passed since he returned to Shaoshan Chong in 1927.
When we first met, Chairman Mao left a deep impression on Snow. He wrote in the book: " He has a thin face and looks a lot like the character of Lincoln , taller than average. Chinese with a camel back, long black hair, piercing eyes, a high bridge of nose, and protruding cheekbones. ”
During his stay in Yan'an, Snow talked to Chairman Mao several times. Long talk all night.Snow was very interested in Chairman Mao's life in his hometown and asked many questions. Chairman Mao directly told his childhood and teenage life. This is by far the most authoritative historical data on Chairman Mao's life in his hometown.
Chairman Mao told Snow about his birthplace and his parents from the very beginning:
"I was born in Shaoshanchong, Xiangtan County, Hunan Province in 1893. My father's name is Mao Shunsheng (Mao Yichang, written by Shunsheng) My mother’s name in her natal family is Wenqimei. My father was a poor peasant. When he was young, he had to join the army because of debts. He was a soldier for many years. Later, he returned. In the village where I was born, I was engaged in small business and other businesses. I was diligent and thrifty. I saved a little money and bought his land. At this time, my family had 15 acres of land and became a middle farmer. With this, I could harvest 60 dan of grain every year. "
From Chairman Mao’s self-introduction, it can be seen that his father Mao Yichang is still quite business-minded. This may be related to his coming out as a soldier when he was 16 years old and seeing the world. There was a relatively large rice market in Xiangtan at that time. Mao Yichang, who was good at business, saw the opportunity. He concentrated on doing rice and livestock business, and finally issued the "Mao Yishun Tang" circulation paper ticket.
Chairman Mao's father Mao Yichang
When Chairman Mao was born, the Mao family was already quite wealthy. There are more acres of land in the family, and Mao Yichang hired many long-term and day-time workers. On December 26, 1893, Chairman Mao was born. Mao Yichang and Wen Qimei were both excited and worried. They had two children who had died before.
After discussing with her husband, Wen Qimei decided to send her son to Xiangxiang Tang Jiaxu's grandmother's home to raise her. Chairman Mao spent almost all his childhood at his grandmother's house. He was not taken back to Shaoshanchong by Mao Yichang until he was 8 years old and entered a private school.Wen Qimei's second elder brother Wen Zhengying (the eighth brother in the family, and Chairman Mao later called him his eighth uncle) was quite knowledgeable. He opened a preschool private school to teach the children of the family to study.
When Chairman Mao was a little sensible, he was listening in the private school of his eighth uncle. Wen Zhengying is strict with the children of the clan, and often asks them to "do what is right, follow the right path, and be successful." When Chairman Mao returned to Shaoshan, he had read a lot of books and had his own views on learning, especially those who were dissatisfied with the private school teachers. Feudal teaching method.
Sure enough, Chairman Mao has changed several private schools in just four years. If the teacher can't answer his questions, or feel that he has nothing to teach. From the very beginning of studying at a private school, the conflict between Chairman Mao and his father arose. Mao Yichang sent his son to study. The idea is very practical. It is enough to inherit his career in the future. He never expected his son to start a big business.
Zou Chunpei, the teacher of the South Bank Private School, saw that Chairman Mao was gifted and intelligent, and he was a manufacturable material, so he said to Mao Yichang: " will one day be named Dengaike, and he is not looking forward to it. , His idea is very practical: " is a son of a farmer who is not rare for fame and fortune. As long as he counts a few counts, remembers a few accounts, and writes a few correspondence letters, he will get it.
Wen Qimei and her three sons took a photo
Mao Yichang viewed reading with this attitude, which aroused the dissatisfaction of Chairman Mao, and every time he went home from school, he had to keep accounts and do farm work. The contradiction between the father and son continued to intensify. Chairman Mao said to Snow:
"I just learned a few words,My father asked me to start accounting for the family. He wants me to learn abacus . Since my father insisted, I will keep the account in the evening. He is a strict supervisor and he can't see me idle; if there is no account to keep, he asks me to do farm work. He has a violent temperament and often beats me and my two younger brothers.
In the two years from 13 to 15 years old, Chairman Mao simply stopped school at home. Whenever he was free, Chairman Mao held a book to read. Mao Yichang was quite dissatisfied. One day in the winter of 1906, Mao Yichang hosted a banquet at home to entertain guests. Chairman Mao was fascinated by reading in the room, and forgot to come out to help.
Mao Yichang scolded on the spot, and Chairman Mao rushed out of the house and ran and shouted to leave home. The conflict between the father and son was completely intensified. This matter Chairman Mao also mentioned to Snow:
"When I was about thirteen years old, my father invited many guests to the house once; the two of us started arguing in front of them. My father scolded me in public for being lazy and useless. This angered me. I scolded him and left home. My mother caught up and tried to persuade me to go back. My father also rushed over and ordered me to go back while cursing. I ran to a pond and threatened that if he took one step closer, I would jump down. In this case, both sides have put forward demands and counter demands to stop the civil war. My father insisted that I kowtow to admit my mistake. I said that if he promised not to hit me, I could kneel on one leg and kowtow. The war ended in this way. "
This incident touched Mao Yichang a lot. He realized that his son must have a strong sense of responsibility, how can it be achieved? Mao Yichang thought of organizing a marriage for his son. In this context, Roche entered In Mao Yichang's vision.
Arranged marriage scene during the Republic of China
In the "Shaoshan Mao Family Tree · Lineage Table" (Zhuxi branch), we found out about Chairman Mao’s original marriage. Record:
"Originally with Roche,In the fifteenth year of Guangxu, Qing Dynasty, Ji Chou was born on September 26, Chou Shi, and he died on the second day of the first lunar month of Gengxu in the second year of Xuantong.
According to the genealogy, Luo Shi, whose full name is Luo Yixiu, was born on October 20, 1889. She was 4 years, 2 months and 6 days older than Chairman Mao and died on February 11, 1910. Only 21 years old. According to textual research, Luo Yixiu’s family lives in front of the building in Chiwei Village, Yanglin Township, Xiangtan County, and her family is relatively wealthy. The eldest daughter of Mao Yongtang, she is cousin with Chairman Mao's grandfather Mao Yichen. In the old society, cousins appeared in marriage, and Luo Yixiu was a good helper in housework. So in Mao Yichang's view, this far house watch A niece is very suitable for a son.
Therefore, one day in 1907, under the single-handed arrangements of both parents, 18-year-old Luo Yixiu and 14-year-old Chairman Mao became a husband and wife. Both parents are quite satisfied. But Chairman Mao was very upset about it. He thought it was imposed on him by his father. He was depressed and did not regard her as his wife and did not live together.
From left: Mao Zetan, Mao Yichang, Mao Fusheng, Mao Zedong
However, Luo Yixiu was married to the Mao family by a Ming media, and her identity was the eldest daughter-in-law of the Mao family. The feudal society was strict, and Luo Yixiu married the Mao family. It’s the Mao family, and this cannot be changed. Luo Yixiu has not read many books, but she is good at housekeeping and respecting her in-laws, especially her mother-in-law Wen Qimei, whose physical condition has improved under her care.
However, looking at the husband in front of him whether he does farm work in the fields every day, or locks himself in the room to study, Luo Yixiu's expectation for a better married life is gradually disappearing...It is not difficult to imagine Luo Yixiu's heart. It was very uncomfortable, but she couldn’t change anything. This was caused by the old society.
Chairman Mao also mentioned Luo Yixiu to Snow,He said:
" When I was fourteen years old, my parents married me a 20-year-old woman (Snow’s record is wrong), but I never had a baby with her—and later. I voted. I didn’t think she was my wife, and I didn’t think of her at this time. ”
Chairman Mao’s attitude made Mao Yichang have no choice. The only thing he could do was manage this. Home, let this virtuous daughter-in-law not worry about food and clothes, and write her name into Mao's family tree. Luo Yixiu lived in Mao's family for 3 years and died in 1910 at the age of 21.
Mao Yichang and Wen Qimei were very sad. They held a funeral for their daughter-in-law. In fact, Chairman Mao did not hate Luo Yixiu at all. At that time, his self-awareness had been awakened. He knew that the feudal ethics "cannibalized" people, and such phenomena appeared in an endless stream in that era. However, some things that happened later also proved that Chairman Mao was full of deep affection for the Luo family, and the friendship between the two families continued for decades.
In 1959, Chairman Mao visited his parents when he returned to Shaoshan Chong
Luo Yixiu was buried in Chongnanzhu, Shaoshan. The grave is not far from Chairman Mao’s parents’ cemetery, but unfortunately the tombstones are nowhere to be found. The bulge is also very inconspicuous. In the fall of Luo Yixiu's death, Chairman Mao finally left Shaoshanchong, where he had lived for many years, to study at Dongshan Primary School in Xiangxiang.
Chairman Mao tried his best to fight for this opportunity. At that time, Mao Yichang wanted to send his son to a rice shop in Xiangtan as an apprentice, so that he could succeed in his career. Chairman Mao resolutely disagreed. He mobilized his mother, uncle and others to persuade him, and Mao Yichang finally compromised.
went to study at Dongshan Primary School in Xiangxiang,It was a key step in the turning point of Chairman Mao's life. He then went to Changsha to study and started a magnificent life. During the Spring Festival in 1925, Chairman Mao returned to Shaoshan Chong from Shanghai. This time he lived in his hometown for nearly 6 months. In addition to recuperating his illness, he was to "set fire to wasteland" and ignite the raging fire of the peasant revolution in his hometown.
During his life in his hometown, Chairman Mao used the opportunity of investigating and developing the peasant movement to visit Luo's house many times and had several meals in Luo's house. Obviously, Chairman Mao treats the Luo family as relatives, and this family relationship has continued since the founding of New China.
Luo Yixiu has two younger sisters who are married to Huang Puchen of Shanshutang in Guanwang Village, Jinshi Town, Xiangxiang City, and Maohua Village in Shaoshanchong. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chairman Mao still regarded the Huang family and Mao’s family as relatives. In January 1950, Chairman Mao received a letter from Huang Puchen informing him that he was working in the Guangxi Liuzhou Railway Department.
Chairman Mao
Chairman Mao quickly replied: "I received the letter on January 24. I am very happy. I only work on Guangxi Railway. Very good. I hope you will continue to work hard on this work. You don’t have to go anywhere or go back to your hometown. Is your wife still Mr. Luo Helou’s second daughter? If so, please greet her for me.”
In May 1950, Chairman Mao sent Mao Anying back to Changsha. Wish grandma Xiang Zhenxi birthday. Before Mao Anying's departure, Chairman Mao specifically confessed that he would go back to Shaoshan to visit relatives, and told him: "Anying, it is still a small road from Xiangtan to Shaoshan. Yintian Temple, more than 10 miles away in Shaoshan, dismounts from the horse and walks home. This is our minimum courtesy to our hometown and the people of our hometown." See who, what gifts to give, etc. Among the people Mao Anying needed to see was Luo Shiquan. This Luo Shiquan is Luo Yixiu’s younger brother,After Mao Anying returned to Shaoshan Chong, he specifically informed him to meet.
Mao Anying inquired about the Luo family in detail, and sent tea leaves and 200 yuan to Luo Shiquan when they were separated. Chairman Mao is so concerned about the Luo family's situation, obviously because of Luo Yixiu. Not long after Mao Anying returned to Beijing and arrived in Beijing, Luo Shiquan wrote to Chairman Mao to express his gratitude. The letter mentioned that he hoped to have a chance to visit Beijing.
Chairman Mao has always distinguished between public and private, especially after the founding of the People’s Republic of China. He repeatedly refused his relatives to come to Beijing, especially letters from relatives requesting work arrangements, and he never responded. But in the face of Luo Shiquan's request, Chairman Mao made an exception and agreed, which once again reflected his true feelings for the Luo family.
In 1959, Chairman Mao talked with the folks in front of his former residence
During Luo Shiquan’s stay in Beijing, Chairman Mao personally arranged all his activities and sent him to walk in Zhongnanhai several times and asked about the current situation of Luo’s family. What can I do for help? Luo Yixiu's life was only a short 21 years, full of tragedy. However, Chairman Mao cared more about the Luo family, and this kind of care lasted until his death. If Luo Yixiu knows about it, he should be able to look down.
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