Sima Guang and Wang Anshi 's origin and social status
Sima Guang and Wang Anshi were both born in the reign of Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty. Sima Guang was born in 1019 in a family of officials. 7-year-old can recite " Zuoshi Chunqiu" and understand it. His memory is amazing. The imperial examinations of the Song Dynasty are very strict and exhausting to the readers. In addition to the formal examination, one of the four books and five classics of the essays will be randomly selected for candidates to write silently. As far as Sima Guang has a great advantage, Song Renzong in the first year of Baoyuan (1038), 19-year-old Sima Guang Jinshi and the first, it is enough to explain his talent. Similarly, Wang Anshi was two years younger than Sima Guang. He was born in a family in Jiangxi in 1021, the second year of Qingli (1042). 21-year-old Wang Anshi Jinshi and , four years later than Sima Guang. From this, it is judged that Wang Anshi's talent is no worse than Simaguang. They are all writers, and all historical introductions are politicians, (I understand that Wang Anshi can be said to be a politician, and Sima Guang is a politician). The last two were tired as officials and moved to the prime minister.
Different political opinions, Wang Anshi has long written to Renzong for reform, but he is not allowed. Sima Guang advised the doctor, the official who saw who was not pleasing to his eyes and quarreling with the emperor.
Sima Guang's surface is Wen Wenqian, honest, upright, serious, hardworking, and exhibits a sufficiently high level of accomplishment. Therefore, there are a large group of people who are famous and knowledgeable in society, such as the familiar and Ouyang Xiu . Known as the "Old Party" by later generations
Wang Anshi is stubborn, stubborn, and free from threats and temptations. At that time, there was mixed praise and criticism for him. Those in favor of "noble morals and upholding ideals", opponents said "inhumane, slandering traditions" Wang Anshi used new people, which later generations called the "new party". Most of the new people have problems with personal morality, which caused great harm to the country and the people. Treacherous officials, such as 蔡京,Often wandering on the edge of treacherous ministers.
Song Yingzong After his death, Song Shenzong took over. The head of the household department took the account book and showed Song Shenzong. Our family has no money, so it’s simpler to bury your dad. There is no need for a monk. Yes, buy a pair of thin-skinned coffins and bury them. Song Shenzong felt the edge of the crisis at this time, determined to rectify the country, and asked his courtiers what to do? Sima Guang and Wang Anshi's views are all about spending money. However, Sima Guang advocates saving money, and Wang Anshi advocates doing it outside. In written terms, Sima Guang advocates cutting expenditure and Wang Anshi advocates increasing revenue. Shenzong said, then you two should do it together. I support it. Sima Guang said to let Brother Jiefu do it. I have a task to compile books, because it began in the year of Yingzong. Vertically recorded history (chronology " 资治通鉴").
So Wang Anshi alone was responsible for making money. In the second year of Song Shenzong Xining, Wang Anshi served as the governor of and joined the governor (deputy prime minister), starting a series of changes from the local to the military Some of them are a bit similar to Sima Guang’s ideas ~ saving money, most of them are making money. In fact, if you look closely at , Wang Anshi’s reform is just to make the country rich, not to strengthen the people, and to make the people more burdened, just like private loans and credit cards nowadays. Failure to repay loans between individuals is civil, and failure to repay credit cards becomes criminal. That is, the country's money is money, and the people's money is not money. When the Sima Guangpai saw that the people reacted strongly, they spoke out against it.
Look at these two starting lineups
Sima Guangpai: Sima Guang, Han Qi, Fubi, Lu Hui, Zeng Gongliang, Wen Yanbo, , , , , , , Sun Jue, Li Ce, Liu Shu,Lu Gong, Wang Anguo , Wang Anli (two younger brothers of Wang Anshi), Huang Tingjian , Qin Guan, Li Chang , Ouyang Xiu, Cheng Hao . They are all government officials, social elites, and literati.
Wang Anshi School, Wang Anshi, Shenzong, Zeng Bu, Lu Huiqing, Li Ding, Deng Shao, Schumann, Cai Bian , Cai Jing. The rest are Wang Anshi's two sons and son-in-law. Because there was a heavyweight "Shenzong" in the middle, it was considered equal at first.
The Sima Guang faction attacked the Wang Anshi faction. The first gunner Lu Hui hit the vanguard. The letter stated that Wang Anshi “holds wrong views and is unreasonable, and the world will suffer from it.” Shenzong was angry and dismissed him. Therefore, Han Qi and Zeng Gongliang told their old men to return to their hometown, Fan Zhen resigned from office, and Ouyang Xiu retired to the mountains and forests. " Young Miao Law" was promulgated, Sima Guang personally put on the battle, it turned out that Sima Guang also advised everyone not to be overly aggressive, and this meeting can't stand still. It turns out that brother Su Shi, Li Chang, and Cheng Hao are still with Wang Anshi, " After the "Young Miao Law" came out, he also fell to Sima Guang's faction, and his words were fierce. Sima Guang began to exchange letters with Wang Anshi. The letter to Wang Anshi said that he invaded officials, made trouble, sought profit, refused advice, and complained (saying that Wang Anshi’s " 伤仲永" is scolding him in disguised form), and Wang Anshi replied "Answers to Sima Admonishments" argued one by one, and the battle reached a climax. The big guy Song Shenzong couldn't stand the attacks of so many big guys from Sima Guang faction. He saw a lot of money for the country and his goal was achieved. In some places, it was time to start following Sima Guang's faction.
Personal relationship between Sima Guang and Wang Anshi
Sima Guang and Wang Anshi are both Jinshi and senior, and they are of the same age. Sima Guang was a little earlier in the official position, but Wang Anshi promoted faster. Thanks to Shenzong’s policy of favoring Wang Anshi, both of them have knowledge. , Noble morality, always meet "Junshi brother" and "Jiefu brother", do not directly call their names, but call each other by the words,They are polite, show enough literati culture, respect each other's talents and morals, and have a good personal relationship. Due to the reforms, political opinions may be different, and personal relationships are bound to be affected, especially Wang Anshi's "Injury Zhongyong", which reflects that although Sima Guang is talented, he will accomplish nothing, and everyone will also. Since then, the two have started to antagonize everything except politics. Wang Anshi said east, Sima Guang said west. Wang Anshi said up, Sima Guang said down. For example, during the reign of Song Shenzong, the Dengzhou Ayun case.
Dengzhou Ayun betrothed to Wei Ada, which is ugly. The murder was just a finger cut. After he was brought back to the case, Dali Temple was sentenced to death by the Ministry of Justice. The impeachment sentence of Yushitai was improper. Shenzong was reported to Shenzong. Shenzong sought the opinions of Wang Anshi and Sima Guang. capital offense. However, Wang Anshi meant that he had not yet been married, not murdering her husband, but just a crime of ordinary harm. Wang Anshi believed that A Yun’s disapproval of marriage was an illegal marriage. Because it did not cause much harm, Song Shenzong pardoned Ayun according to Wang Anshi's intention. Later, Song Shenzong died and Sima Guang became the prime minister. He reversed the Ayun case 17 years ago and sentenced Ayun to death and executed it immediately. Could it be that Sima Guang is the one Can the prime minister and a citizen's wife make it difficult? Of course not, it was to completely overthrow Wang Anshi's policy, so it is not surprising that the old things in the south of the city were brought up again in all aspects. It also shows that the two people retreat from the south to the north. At this time, the personal relationship is not good. Later, Song Zhezong ascended the throne, and the queen mother asked the big coffee Sima Guang to be the prime minister. The Wang Anshi policy was completely overturned. Wang Anshi and Sima Guang died in the same year. Before Sima Guang's death, he confessed to everyone that Wang Anshi was "undestructible too much." Sima Guang thought of overcorrecting in some places, and it was also an important pen for failing to get the title of treacherous minister.
Who are Sima Guang and Wang Anshi?
Paved a lot of facts. In the history of Wang Anshi and Sima Guang, who is a traitor or who is a loyal minister? There are still many claims for more than a thousand years.
Sima Guang is a treacherous minister. He led the literati at the time. Since he was a treacherous minister, so many people have sharp eyes and the ability to judge. If one person loses the ability to judge, it is impossible for a group of virtuous people to follow A treacherous minister, but Sima Guang has a strong heart for revenge after he came to power. Unlike a gentleman, especially in the Ayun incident, you can't vent the resentment of the previous dynasty to a civilian woman! These things made him pass by on the edge of "The List of Treacherous Officials", Ming Dynasty Chen Ruqi commented that "...The disaster of Jingkang, the critics say it started with Jiefu, I think it started with Junshi....", Jingkang's difficulty said that Sima Guang was the culprit. Up to now, some people think that Sima Guang is a traitorous minister. Maybe some people stand from different angles and judge things differently.
Let's talk about Wang Anshi. He is a traitorous minister. He is upright, not seeking personal gain, and is dedicated to the country, making the country really rich. He seems to be a loyal minister. Saying he is a loyal minister, he led a group of treacherous ministers dancing, and behind them, treacherous ministers who harmed the country and the people led to the corruption and destruction of the country, such as Cai Jing. Wang Anshi's policy has arrived. Song Huizong is not benefiting the country, but has become a tool and basis for making money. It has harmed the people, increased taxes, increased labor, and made complaints. Song Gaozong When editing the "Records of Song Shenzong", Wang Anshi was already attributed to traitorous officials. It was because of Cai Bian and Cai Jing that during the Song Shenzong faction, Cai Jing was a disaster for the country and the people, and Cai Bian was Wang Anshi's daughter-in-law, so Song Gaozong believed that Wang Anshi is not a good bird. The treacherous minister should be responsible for causing Jingkang's difficulties. This view continued into the Qing Dynasty. Some people classified Wang Anshi, Wang Mang, Jia Sidao into one category, saying that they "all caused disturbances to the people". In modern times, people’s understanding of social reforms is that of Wang Anshi. Forgive me, modern ideas have added a lot of aura to Wang Anshi, which was unexpected to Wang Anshi, who had been dead for more than a thousand years.
As for Sima Guang Wang Anshi who is a loyal minister and who is a treacherous minister, it is not something we can decide at will. There is always arbitrariness in historical development, at least for now both of them are considered positive figures.
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