After the founding of New China on October 1, 1949, at the beginning of June 1950, the second session of the National Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference was about to be held. Chairman Mao knew that Ma Zhanshan was living in Beijing, so he sincerely invited Ma Zhanshan to attend and participate.
Ma Zhanshan was very excited and excited, but at this time Ma Zhanshan was already sick and suffering from cancer, so he could not go. Since then, his condition has continued to worsen. By November, Ma Zhanshan was already weakened, and his health was difficult to turn around.
Ma Zhanshan made a will, instructing his daughter, son-in-law and other younger generations to contribute to the construction of New China, and unswervingly follow Chairman Mao and the Communist Party. After all this was ordered, on November 29, 1950, a famous general, Ma Zhanshan, died in Beijing due to a worsening condition and no rescue.
The reason why Ma Zhanshan believes in the Communist Party is inseparable from his early experience.
1. A bitter-cold boy, enlisted in the army
On November 30, 1885, the decadent dynasty entered its own cold season like winter. In such a period of time, Ma Zhanshan was born in a poor peasant family in Maojiachengzi Township, Huaide County, Jilin Province.
Ma Zhanshan's mother is the Zhenglan flag of Manchu , but such a blood identity did not allow Ma Zhanshan to enjoy any privileged treatment. Due to family difficulties and living difficulties, Ma Zhanshan did not go to school, but when he was 7 or 8 years old, he went to a local rich man’s house and became a horse man.
Chopping wood, mowing grass, feeding horses... A dull and boring life will naturally not be as romantic as the poet said. It can only barely support Ma Zhanshan to fill his stomach. However, in the era of starvation in the late Qing Dynasty, it was considered very good to be able to mix and eat.
But unfortunately, even such a meager job did not last long. Later, the rich man lost a horse, and Ma Zhanshan, a horseman, became the first suspect. The landlord who was angry naturally did not care about the truth, and immediately framed and blamed Ma Zhanshan, saying that it was Ma Zhanshan who stole it and wanted to hang it up and tortured.
Ma Zhanshan, who has a bitter family background, is not old, but has his own backbone. Of course he is not willing to bear this humiliation. Under the hatred, Ma Zhanshan chose to leave home in one go, fell into the mountains and became a bandit.
In the white mountains and black waters of the northeast, Ma Zhanshan, a short stature, looks unremarkable, but Ma Zhanshan is courageous and masters a skillful spearmanship, so he quickly gained his reputation. Everyone recommended to become a "king of the mountain".
However, the times are turbulent, and those who are caught in the historical waves are rare and stable. Ma Zhanshan is no exception. He soon ushered in the first turning point in his life.
1904, The Russo-Japanese War broke out on the land of the Northeast. While conquering each other, the imperialists also ravaged the people of the Northeast and committed countless crimes.
Ma Zhanshan, who witnessed all of this, was stricken and angry, and was aroused by the simple nationalist sentiment hidden in his heart. After several thoughts, Ma Zhanshan felt that although falling into the grass and occupying the mountain as the king can make him a good survival, after all, such a life is not a long-term plan, only to be happy, and thousands of people still have to be powerful. Bullying and oppression, so I should find a way out that can contribute to the country and the nation.
At this time, under the pressure of the Tsarist invading army, the Qing government was actively recruiting the "green forest heroes" in the northeast in order to accumulate forces. As one of the "heroes", Ma Zhanshan took advantage of this. Opportunity to join Northeast Army.
In the ranks, loyalty and strength are very important. Ma Zhanshan has both the ability and the heroic personality. He is brave and strong in doing things and fighting. Therefore, he is highly respected by his colleagues and appreciated by his superiors. Later, he was valued by a Qing army commander named Wu Junsheng, and he was treated by lower-level guerrillas. The team sentinel started and was promoted step by step.
By 1925, Ma Zhanshan had become Zhang Zuolin , one of the big red men and capable generals around . He was the commander of the army and was in charge of the Second Army of the Fengjun Cavalry.
On December 29, 1928, the Beiyang government was overthrown,After Zhang Xueliang announced his submission to the Nanjing National Government 's northeast change , Ma Zhanshan was transferred to the Heihe garrison commander.
The poor boy who was bullied by the landlord in the past has become a giant by this time. This is a good thing as well as a bad thing, because afterwards, the most ups and downs in Ma Zhanshan's life, and a historical career that has been controversial by later generations has arrived. And closely related to it is the brutal Japanese imperialism. This is also the second turning point in Ma Zhanshan's life.
Second, mobilization before the war, soldiers bloody
1931, "September 18 Incident". Japan, which has long coveted the land of China, finally revealed its vicious fangs, and officially put the imperialist aggressive ambitions into practice. The South Manchurian Railway was blown up by the Chinese army as an excuse. They sent troops forcibly, and they invaded the Liao and Kyrgyzstan provinces in northeast my country without blood. Then in November, a large number of troops were assembled to prepare to march towards Heilongjiang Province. In order to achieve their goal of aggression with as little loss as possible, the Japanese army conducted a threatening and lure to Ma Zhanshan who was guarding Heilongjiang.
On November 2, the haughty Japanese Kwantung Army commander Honjo Fan sent two military attaches to meet Ma Zhanshan and handed over the Japanese ultimatum to Ma Zhanshan, demanding that Ma Zhanshan’s army retreat immediately, otherwise the Japanese army would It's time to use force.
at the same time implies that Ma Zhanshan, as long as you do things according to the Japanese, there will be benefits. But they obviously found the wrong person, and Ma Zhanshan is not the kind of traitorous cartilage shrimp they once expected.
Faced with the so-called wooing and communication by the Japanese, Ma Zhanshan snorted disdainfully, his eyes were full of jokes, and then he laughed and asked the two Japanese span to go back to tell span2span, the Chinese cannot tolerate Japan's inquiries, and the Japanese should just take care of themselves. The attitude is extremely tough. The Japanese military attache was so embarrassed that he did not dare to attack on the spot.
In fact, Ma Zhanshan has accumulated a lot of anger in his heart at this time. Ma Zhanshan has always been very hostile to the Japanese invading army.
Even in the early days of the Russo-Japanese War, I saw the Japanese unscrupulously bullying the Chinese on Chinese soil. It was the Japanese army’s conspiracy to kill Zhang Zuolin and Wu Junsheng in June 1928. The Gutun incident" is extremely sad and indignant. Both Zhang and Wu both had knowledge of Ma Zhanshan, and they were also teachers, friends and parents, but they died by the Japanese.
Now, the wolf ambitions are further seeking expansion, intending to completely annex the Northeast, and they warn themselves...All kinds of shameless behaviors have made Ma Zhanshan unbearable. They vowed very early that they will one day "hate public hatred and private hatred". "There was a break with the Japanese invading army.
After the two Japanese military attachés left, Ma Zhanshan knew that war would be inevitable, and it would definitely break out soon. If he refused the request of the Japanese, the other party would not let it go. However, when the national crisis is at hand, it is precisely when you should perform your duties as a soldier, and you must not be cowardly and evade.
Therefore, at the provincial government meeting hosted by Ma Zhanshan that day, in the face of many military, political, gentry and businessmen's unconfident and unwilling to fight mentality, Ma Zhanshan was very annoyed, and the crimes arose and shouted:
" I am a governor of a province, and I am responsible for keeping the land. I must never let Heilongjiang be taken away by the enemy. I know that I am not strong enough, but the enemy is bullying us, so we have to fight him hard. In order to defend the country’s territory and protect my fathers and villagers, I, Ma Zhanshan, has decided to fight with Japan! If I make a mistake and cause trouble for the country, please cut off my head and send it to the Central Committee to lead the crime. ”
The sonorous voice fell, and the audience was silent. The crowd looked at each other and the shame of shame inevitably surfaced, and they followed Ma Zhanshan's arrangement.
Third, Jiangqiao bloody battle, not letting every inch of the earth
and then,As Ma Zhanshan expected, even faster.
On the morning of November 4, 1931, it was only less than a day away from the pass. The Japanese offensive began in this early winter in the vicinity of the Nenjiang Iron Bridge, which is located at the main throat of Qiqihar, the capital of Heilongjiang Province. .
That morning, the sun was rising. When the sunlight has not fully penetrated the thick white fog, there is the roar of the fuel engine "buzzing" through the clouds. Under the cover of several planes, more than 4,000 Japanese invaders, using the clumsy excuse of protecting the bridge, went all the way to the Nenjiang Iron Bridge, the Daxing station of the Chinese army. The armored car rolled forward, dozens of mountain cannons violently bombarded China Jiangqiao and large stations.
Ma Zhanshan, who was alarmed by the "rumbling" artillery fire, did not conceal his inner resentment towards the Japanese army, regardless of Chiang Kai-shek 's "non-resistance" order and immediately ordered the defenders to fight back mercilessly. The battle is now in full swing, and a brutal fight of life and death is staged.
In the desperate battle, in order to motivate the soldiers, Ma Zhanshan took the lead, went to the front in spite of safety, confronted the enemy’s guns, and fought under the command on the edge of the line of life and death. Infected by his fearless courage, all officers and soldiers burned with anger in their hearts, one by one regarded death as home, and confronted the brutal enemy.
The blood flower and the flower of death bloom together on the battlefield,However, the soldiers fought more and more fiercely, refused to give up, and even rushed forward repeatedly, which gave the Japanese army a great frustration.
If it were not for the large-scale reinforcements organized by the Japanese on the 6th, they would almost be able to wipe out these hateful invaders.
In desperation, the Japanese had to temporarily stop the offensive to catch a breath, but although their hands stopped, their mouths were still stiff.
announced on November 8 that Ma Zhanshan Xiaye handed over the Heilongjiang power to the big traitor Zhang Haipeng, but Ma Zhanshan refused decisively without thinking about it. The Japanese hated it, but did not give up hope. On the 11th The same trick was repeated, but Ma Zhanshan vetoed it without hesitation, and ridiculed it fiercely.
Regarding these actions by Ma Zhanshan, the Japanese side was extremely embarrassed, and public opinion at home and abroad felt a significant shock.
Under the intentional propaganda of the CCP and other patriots, progressive people from all walks of life, such as patriotic students, enlightened merchants and gentry, have sent telegrams and letters of condolences to it, and even organized condolences to carry pigs and sheep. , And even silver dollars and other consolation products rushed to the front line to reward soldiers to express their praise and support. For a time, the atmosphere of patriotic war of resistance permeated the whole country, and the resistance to Japan was unprecedentedly strong.
In foreign countries, newspaper reporters from various countries have also reported in detail. They both admire Ma Zhanshan’s courage to resist orders and openly armed resistance to the Japanese army,I was also amazed by the strength of the belief and the bravery of the army commanded by Ma Zhanshan, which was able to defeat the Japanese army one after another. This changed their old stereotype of the Chinese "Sick Man of East Asia", and also raised a lot of world public opinion on the Japanese Kwantung Army. Condemnation of the aggressive invasion of Northeast China.
However, due to the disparity in power between the enemy and the enemy, there is a real disparity in strength. And because Ma Zhanshan's anti-Japanese behavior was not approved by the National Government Central Committee, it was a measure of flagrant disobedience, so it did not get the approval of the Kuomintang Central Committee. Therefore, despite the support of a large range of patriotic people, it has remained alone from start to finish.
With all these factors intertwined, the resistance campaign set off by the helpless Ma Zhanshan can only be a flash in the pan. Faced with the subsequent increasingly fierce political and military offensives of the Japanese army, the hard support was to no avail. Finally, on November 18, 1931, the Ma Zhanshan troops had to retreat to Helen, the vigorous river. The bridge war of resistance ended in failure.
IV. Helpless to fall to the day, lie on the pay
After the defeat of the Jiangqiao War, the Ma Zhanshan troops suffered heavy losses. Although they have wiped out nearly 5,000 Japanese troops before and after 6,000 casualties themselves, , The attrition is serious, and weapons and ammunition are basically exhausted, and they are in short supply.
and realized that Ma Zhanshan is a Japanese who is hard to bite,At this time, he also eased his military offensive, hoping to solve it by other means, and constantly sent people to test Ma Zhanshan, trying to persuade him to surrender. The Japanese didn't have any hope, but what I didn't expect was that Ma Zhanshan, who had always been tough before, agreed to the Japanese wooing.
Ma Zhanshan's real idea is naturally a surrender. Ma Zhanshan, who was born as a bandit, doesn't care about the process, as long as he can achieve his goal of anti-Japanese. What's more, Ma Zhanshan knows that with the current state of his troops, even if he resists hard, it will be difficult to hold on for a long time. It is better to surrender to Japan, use these Japanese devils to obtain supplies and aid, and then wait for an opportunity to rebel and kill them by surprise.
Regarding Ma Zhanshan’s move to descend the sun, ordinary people who don’t know the truth are filled with outrage. They can’t believe it. The heroic General Ma Zhanshan, who swears to the death against the Japanese invaders a while ago, will succumb to the Japanese at this moment. Under the prestige. While heartbroken, he strongly condemned and rebuked Ma Zhanshan.
But there are also many people who hold a calm attitude. They feel that Ma Zhanshan's actions are very strange, and they always maintain a suspicion. Such people are among the Chinese, and Japan is naturally not a fool.
Therefore, in order to dispel the doubts of the Japanese, the shrewd Ma Zhanshan made a series of deceptive measures after surrendering to Japan.
Ma Zhanshan will abolish all the staff officers and lieutenants of the military department who are fighting against Japan, and send them secretly to the civilian army as training instructors or leaders.He also secretly told his eldest son Ma Kui, asking him to postpone coming to Heilongjiang under the pretext that his relatives were sick, and let other relatives in Heilongjiang find opportunities to escape by themselves.
All the arrangements are properly arranged, and Ma Zhanshan goes deep into the tiger's lair alone and returns to Qiqihar, where a test of psychology and ability begins.
During the fall of the sun, in order to gain the trust of the Japanese, Ma Zhanshan learned from the history of the " Liu Chan", the queen master of the Shu Han, who was "not thinking about Shu" in history, and Liu Chan . Ignoring military and political affairs at all, only indulging in drinking and drinking, it seems that he has forgotten the fact that he was a Chinese anti-Japanese general. There is basically only one thing that I do most often every day, and that is playing mahjong around the table with Commander Suzuki of the Kwantung Army and other Japanese at the Mantetsu Office in Heilongjiang.
In this way, under Ma Zhanshan's deliberate disguise, the Japanese gradually relaxed their vigilance and were successfully paralyzed by Ma Zhanshan.
Seeing that the time has come, Ma Zhanshan put forward the 14 million Heilongjiang Province salt funds, 3 million Huhai Railway loan tickets, and 3 million taxes that he had previously requested from the Japanese. A total of 20 million, 12 military vehicles were deployed, and 300 important materials and military horses were quietly transported away under the noses of the Japanese army.
After doing all this, Ma Zhanshan continued to pretend, and waited quietly for the time to get out. Even the day before he was about to escape, Ma Zhanshan had been playing mahjong with the Japanese for three days and nights, playing dimly. , Dizzy.
until the last night of March 31,The sky was gloomy and gloomy. Ma Zhanshan looked at the right time, pretending that his stomach hurt suddenly, and he needed to go back to his office to take the medicine, and said that he would go back. However, by the next day’s dawn, Ma Zhanshan had led more than 200 officers and soldiers to cross the sea under the eyes of the Japanese army, staged a golden cicada escape and arrived in a safe zone.
The Japanese regret and furious, especially Suzuki, who was once a friend of Ma Zhanshan brand, regrets that he had not followed Honjo Shige’s advice to get rid of Ma Zhanshan before, but at this moment I also regret it. People have already escaped, even if they have skipped. What can be done?
After leaving the Japanese control, Ma Zhanshan defrauded the Japanese to obtain money and supplies by swindling, and quickly made careful arrangements to prepare for another anti-Japanese war. On April 9th, the Heilongjiang Provincial Administrative Office was established in Heihe , and a meeting of oaths was held. At the same time, the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army of Heilongjiang Province was formed.
On this land in the northeast of Baishan and Heishui, more than 40 days after the false landing, General Ma Zhanshan, who once blew the first horn of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War at Jiangqiao, once again set off the banner of war of resistance. . His great ambition to resist Japan and save the country finally came to light.
V. A hero of the Great Defence, immortal
1937 Lugou Bridge Incident broke out in the whole nation after the war of resistance against China broke out. When the country was in distress, Ma Zhanshan stood up again, personally rushed from Tianjin to Nanjing, petitioned Chiang Kai-shek, and was appointed commander of the Northeast March on August 21.
Responsible Ma Zhanshan led his troops to fight tenaciously with the Japanese, wandering between life and death time and time again, fighting blood. Under the leadership of Ma Zhanshan, the troops are strictly disciplined, brave in combat, merciless to the Japanese army, and innocent to the people. They brought out a brave and brave division and made great contributions to the protection of the family and the country. .
Liberation War After the victory, Chiang Kai-shek asked Ma Zhanshan to fight the Communist Party, but Ma Zhanshan only fought with the People’s Liberation Army once and he was reluctant to fight the Chinese anyway. Woolen cloth? Ma Zhanshan was sick because of this, and he did not go to the front no matter what military position he was appointed to.
When the People's Liberation Army surrounded Beiping in early 1949, for the people's safety and the overall situation, Ma Zhanshan personally persuaded Fu Zuoyi and advocated peace. Through Ma Zhanshan's efforts, Peking was successfully liberated without war.
In that cold winter, Ma Zhanshan quietly left, but the soul will live forever and exist in the heart of every Chinese.
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