The Ptolemaic dynasty was the ruler of the last dynasty of ancient Egypt in 3000 years. Their ancestors were Greeks born in Macedonia.
The Ptolemaic dynasty broke the tradition of thousands of years. They built the capital of the Egyptian Empire in Alexandria instead of Thebes or Luxor. Alexandria was a new port in the Mediterranean. .
After the arrival of Alexander the Great (356-323 BC) in 332 BC, the Ptolemaic dynasty began to rule Egypt. At that time, the Third Intermediate Period ended and Egypt ruled for ten years as the Governor of Persia
In fact, Egypt has been in this situation intermittently since the 6th century BC. Alexander had just conquered Persia, and when he arrived in Egypt, he was crowned ruler at the Puta Temple in Memphis.
Soon after, Alexander left to conquer the new world, placing Egypt under the control of various Egyptian and Greek-Macedonian officers.
When Alexander died unexpectedly in 323 BC, his only heir was his spiritually unpredictable half-brother, who would rule with Alexander IV, his unborn son.
Although a regent was established to support the new leadership of the Alexander Empire, his generals did not accept it, and a succession war broke out between them. Some generals wanted all the territories of Alexandria to remain unified, but this proved to be untenable.
Three Kingdoms
Three great kingdoms rose from the ashes of the Alexander Empire: Macedonia on the Greek mainland, the Seleucid Empire in Syria and Mesopotamia, and the Ptolemaic Empire, including Egypt and Cyrenaica.
Ptolemy, the son of Alexander General Lagos, was first established as the governor of Egypt, but in 305 BC he officially became the first Ptolemy of Egypt. Ptolemy's part under Alexander's rule included Egypt, Libya and the Sinai Peninsula. He and his descendants would form a dynasty composed of 13 rulers, ruled for nearly 300 years.
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