Ying Zheng is not the son of Lu Buwei , but " Shiji " blurs the relationship between the two. Why does Sima Qian write this?
Qin Shihuang Yingzheng
One day in March 235 BC, a convoy set off from Luoyang, Henan Province to the land of Bashu. The owner of this convoy was Changxin Hou Lubuwei and his family.
The next morning, when the servant asked the master for peace as usual, he saw Lu Buwei violently die on the spot. It turned out that the previous night, the prime minister of Qin killed himself by drinking poison and almost stirred by himself. Seven Kingdoms The troubled figure has finally completely disappeared in the long river of history. With the destruction of Lu Buwei, , 嫪毐 and other power groups one after another, Qin Shihuang Yingzheng let go of his hands and feet, preparing to compete in the Central Plains.
However, although Lu Buwei died, there have been rumors that Ying Zheng and Chang Xin Hou were the biological father and son. The "Historical Records", which is a traditional official history of our country, also keeps a close eye on the relationship between these two people, and even Sima Qian secretly and deliberately obscures the relationship between Ying Zheng and Lu Buwei. So, is there any blood relationship between Qin Shihuang Yingzheng and Lu Buwei? Why did Sima Qian deliberately confuse the audience with the "Spring and Autumn Period"?
stills of Lu Buwei
Lu Buwei was born in Anyang, Henan, and came to Handan for business in his early years. Handan is the capital city of Zhao Guo . During the Warring States Period and the Spring and Autumn Period, various major powers had the habit of exchanging protons. The so-called exchange of protons,That is, the two countries first entered into friendly diplomatic relations, but there was no proof. The monarchs of both countries sent their sons or immediate relatives to each other's capital in exchange. This is similar to the marriage of later generations.
When Lu Buwei came to Handan to do business, he met Qin State Proton. According to "The Biographies of Lu Buwei", Lu Buwei felt that Qin Yiren was quite valuable, and the strange goods could be lived in. He deliberately made friends with the neglected grandson of the king of Qin, and then Lu Buwei used a lot of money to make Qin Yiren worship Huayang Mrs. is the mother. In 257 BC, Lu Buwei and Qin Yiren escaped from Handan. Six years later, King Qin Zhao passed away, and Mrs. Huayang’s husband, An Guojun, succeeded him as King Xiaowen of Qin.
King Qin Zhuangxiang, the father of Qin Shihuang
During this period, through Lu Buwei's mediation, Qin Yiren was favored by Mrs. Huayang, and King Wen also made him the crown prince. In 249 BC, Qin Yiren ascended the throne as King Zhuangxiang of Qin. He appointed Lu Buwei as prime minister and conferred the title of Marquis of Wenxin. Two more years later, King Qin Zhuangxiang became seriously ill and died. The 13-year-old Ying Zheng was established as King Qin and stepped onto the political stage.
Until 235 BC, the full-fledged Yingzheng completely eradicated the two groups of noble groups, Lu Buwei and Lai Lu, and then used Li Si to occupy the other six kingdoms of . It took more than ten years to complete the great cause of reunification. The above is the entanglement between Lu Buwei and the Ying family. However, looking through the "Historical Records: The Biography of Lu Buwei", there is such a record : "Lu Buwei took Handan Zhao Ji is a great dancer and home.Know your body. Zi Chu never drinks, but he says it when he sees it. Lu Buwei was angry, thinking that he had broken his family and became his son Chu. Ji Zi hides himself, and at the end of the period, he gave birth to Zizheng. Zi Chu then made Ji his wife.
The meaning of this passage is very obvious. Lu Buwei robbed Qin Yiren to have a relationship with Zhao Ji and made him pregnant. Then this woman concealed the fact that she was pregnant and married Qin Yi. Yingzheng, and the one who succeeded in winning the government is Lu Buwei's illegitimate son, who has no blood relationship with King Qin Zhuangxiang. However, there is another record in "Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin": "Emperor Qin Shi, son of King Qin Zhuangxiang. King Zhuang Xiang was the proton of Qin Yu Zhao, and when he saw Lu Buweiji, he took it with pleasure and gave birth to the first emperor. Born in Handan in the first month of the forty-eighth year of King Qin Zhao. Ji Sheng, named Zheng, surnamed Zhao.
For thousands of years, many literary and historical experts and enthusiasts have been confounded by the two statements of "Historical Records". Sima Qian said for a while that Lu Buwei was the cheap father of winning politics, and later that Qin Yiren He is Yingzheng’s biological father, and Yingzheng ascended to the throne. There is no problem in terms of blood or political relationship. If analyzed in chronological order, Sima Qian thinks that Lu Buwei first made Zhao Ji pregnant, and then gave the beauty to Qin Yiren. Then Zhao Ji was pregnant at that time, and the pregnancy time will not be less than two months.
There was no scientific equipment more than 2000 years ago, and the medical level was very backward. Qin Yiren may not be aware of her pregnancy. This beauty has the flesh and blood of other people. However, the author noticed that was recorded in various official historical documents: "After Zhao Ji returned to Qin Yiren, in his prime, he gave birth to Zizheng. " means,Zhao Ji gave birth to the first emperor Yingzheng. It can be assumed that Zhao Ji was pregnant before marrying Qin Yiren, and she would not be able to wait until the "great period", that is, ten months before giving birth to a child, which violated the common sense of medicine.
Furthermore, at that time, the relationship between Qin and Zhao was tense, and Qin Yiren was under great pressure. This proton might not have the energy to think about the little things that affect his children. Judging from the year and month of Ying Zheng's birth, in fact, the records in "Historical Records" are not trivial. Taking a step back, Ying Zheng is definitely not a premature baby.
In addition, there is also such a record in the "Historical Records Zhiyi" by Liang Yusheng, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty. : "Women's big period" It is the October period, and no December interpretation is made. That is to say, the "History" notes in December that it says the big period, the husband is not in time, it is suspicious; it is overdue, why is it suspicious? If it is said that the birth of the first emperor is not in time, it is hidden to the greatest period, but is to be told by the birth of a son, then Zi Chu has no reason to know, does he want to cover it? "
Zhao Ji stills
When Zhao Ji fell into Qin's arms, she should not have been pregnant. This is also clearly recorded in the "Historical Records", without any dispute. Ying Zheng is Qin Yiren’s biological son. Let’s focus on the analysis. Why did Sima Qian deliberately confuse Ying Zheng’s blood relationship? According to Mr. Guo Moruo, "Records of the Historian" has a very large range of materials, which is similar to the ancient Greek " Homer". "Epic " has similar themes and can also be called "historical story and novel collection".
From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, many scholars agreed that many of the stories in the "Historical Records" are isolated evidence. There is no conclusive basis. To put it more bluntly, when Sima Qian compiled this book,On the one hand, he referred to various official historical books of the Warring States Period and the Spring and Autumn Period, on the other hand, he went deep into the folks, using market rumors as a blueprint, mixed with many personal thoughts, and wrote a lot of ambiguities, and he could not justify the historical details.
In short, since ancient and modern historical figures have given definite conclusions, Qin Shihuang and Lu Buwei have no blood relationship, and he is the son of King Qin Zhuangxiang. The reason why Sima Qian wrote two completely different arguments in " Lü Buwei Biography " and "The Book of Emperor Qin Shi Huang" is mainly because Sima Qian himself did not figure out where Ying Zheng came from.
Besides, Qin Yiren has lived in Handan, Zhao State for many years, even if he can be favored by Mrs. Huayang, he takes a shortcut to become King Qin. However, there are many veteran aristocrats in Qin State, and they must have used various means to learn more about Qin Yiren's every move in Zhao State, including the history of Yingzheng. Who is the king may not matter much to the nobles of the Qin State, but if it is true that Ying Zheng is the illegitimate son of Lu Buwei as in the book by Sima Qian, I think it is impossible for those nobles of the Qin State to bet the future on an unknown identity. Yingzheng body.
Between the heroes of the Warring States period, I am in you, and you are in me. The veteran aristocracy of Qin relies on strong relationships and spy networks. It is still easy to figure out the life trajectory of Qin Yiren and Yingzheng. Since even the aristocratic forces of the Qin Kingdom did not doubt the status of Yingzheng, Sima Qian's statement is even more untenable.
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