One day in 1954, a group of Jewish businessmen visited our country. They told us very mysteriously that they had brought China's urgently needed strategic materials and hoped to cooperate with Chinese scientists. The Jewish businessman offered to meet with Chinese scientists in nuclear physics.
During the meeting, the Jews showed a sealed metal lead box they brought. They pointed to the box and said to the scientists: "This is highly enriched uranium 235."
Chinese scientists know the value and significance of uranium 235 , This is the raw material for to make atomic bombs. Jewish merchants said that they can sell enriched uranium to China, but we need to pay US dollars.
Jewish
At that time, we had not yet launched a plan to manufacture nuclear bombs, but scientists knew that China urgently needed to manufacture nuclear bombs, which was the need of the situation at that time. Pre-stocking of enriched uranium is of special significance for us to manufacture nuclear bombs.
Because of the involvement of strategic materials, scientists did not dare to make a decision, so they reported the matter. This incident was reported layer by layer, and finally reported to Premier Zhou.
Premier Zhou attaches great importance to this matter, but he is deeply suspicious of Jewish merchants. Because we had not established diplomatic relations with Israel at that time, and the political concepts and ideologies between China and Israel were very different, why would the Jews sell us such important materials?
Premier Zhou gave instructions to Chinese Academy of Sciences to establish the Institute of Atomic Energy and organize experts to test the enriched uranium sent by the Jews to identify its authenticity.
Enriched Uranium Sample
Detection of Enriched Uranium
Uranium is a radioactive substance, which exists in nature. But uranium in nature is a symbiosis of three isotopes ,Moreover, in its natural state, the content of uranium-235 is very low, only about 0.7%. Uranium-235 in this state cannot be used to make nuclear bombs.
To make a nuclear bomb, it must be enriched uranium with an abundance of more than 90%. To extract enriched uranium, a very complicated process is required, involving multiple links such as leaching, smelting, and refining. Moreover, even the prospecting, mining, and beneficiation links must be refined.
Uranium enrichment technology is simple in terms of process, but in fact, its technical difficulty was almost the peak of the world at that time.
You can judge how difficult this technology is from an intuitive data: To extract 1 kg of enriched uranium, needs to use 200 tons of uranium , with a deposit ratio of 1:200,000.
If we use flour as an analogy, we need 20 large 10-ton trucks to fill up the flour and extract only 1 kg from the inside, which is two small bowls of flour essence.
And our nuclear technology was almost zero at the time. At that time, the only countries with nuclear bombs were , the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom . With nuclear bombs, these countries can show off their power in the world and carry out nuclear blackmail against weak and small countries.
nuclear weapons
China has also suffered from nuclear blackmail. During the period of Resisting U.S. Aid Korea, the Americans could not take advantage of the battlefield and planned to carry out a nuclear attack on my country. That is no longer nuclear blackmail, but real A real nuclear strike plan.
But why didn't the American plan be implemented? Because the Soviet Union also had nuclear bombs at that time, and its strength was not weaker than that of the United States. If the United States carried out a nuclear strike against China, he was worried that he would receive a counter-attack from the Soviet Union.
Later, in the 1960s, China and the Soviet Union had ties, and the Soviet Union also planned to carry out a nuclear attack on us.Because the United States has many military bases in Asia, it is worried that China's nuclear strikes will affect their military bases, so it warned the Soviet Union that the Soviet Union feared that the United States did not carry out a nuclear strike against China.
China has a nuclear bomb hanging on its head, but we have no equal checks and balances. From the above example, we can see how important nuclear technology is to a country. It is precisely because of this that nuclear countries have tried their best to block nuclear technology, and it is impossible for us to obtain nuclear technology from them. This is why Premier Zhou suspected Jews.
But then again, because many of the scientists who participated in the US " Manhattan Project " are Jewish, it is possible for the Jewish people to obtain nuclear technology. Although there is no good thing about falling pie in the sky, as businessmen, they may also exchange technology for money for profit. China should also have certain hopes for this.
The power of nuclear weapons explosion
We have neither nuclear technology nor nuclear detection technology. After the mission reached the Institute of Nuclear Energy, an important person was pushed to the forefront of history. He is a famous radiochemical expert Yang Chengzong.
Although Yang Chengzong is an expert in radiochemistry, our domestic conditions are poor, and even the instrument for measuring the abundance of uranium, the isotope mass spectrometer , is not available.
is like weighing an object, requiring weighing equipment such as scales, and there are corresponding measuring instruments for radioactive materials such as uranium. Without measuring instruments, how did Yang Chengzong detect whether the uranium samples brought by the Jews were genuine or not?
But Yang Chengzong has a way. According to the "transformation principle" of radioactive materials, he instructed the scientific researchers in the team to conduct in-depth research and measurement, and finally determined that the uranium-235 content in the samples brought by the Jews was only equivalent to natural uranium. The content of ore, which means that the abundance is less than 1%,It is far from the abundance requirement of more than 90% for the manufacture of nuclear bombs.
This measurement debunks the Jewish deception and avoids China's huge economic losses. You know, the Jews asked China to pay in U.S. dollars. At that time, we didn't have much foreign exchange reserves. If you want to pay in U.S. dollars, you have to spend a lot of money.
More importantly, if China buys fake uranium from Jews and uses such fake uranium to make nuclear bombs, researchers will go further and further down the wrong path, making it more difficult for China to build nuclear bombs.
This is probably a trap created by the collusion between Jews and Americans. They deliberately lead our scientists to the wrong path, not only to earn our precious foreign exchange reserves, but also to delay the development of our nuclear weapons. How vicious Westerners are attentive!
highly enriched uranium metal
Radiochemistry expert Yang Chengzong
Yang Chengzong is undoubtedly the top talent in China's radiochemistry major. He has made outstanding contributions to our country’s nuclear bomb industry. Although his reputation cannot be compared with the two bomb champions such as Qian Sanqiang and Wang Ganchang , Yang Chengzong’s contribution is unique.
What kind of person is Yang Chengzong and what kind of growth experience does he have?
Yang Chengzong was born in Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province in 1911. Coincidentally, Mrs. Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry that year.
In 1932, Yang Chengzong graduated from Shanghai Datong University. He was one of the few lucky people who could receive higher education at that time. However, after graduation, he was basically half-unemployed.
Yang Chengzong graduated from university and returned to his hometown. He worked as a middle school teacher for a period of time, but soon became unemployed. The president of Yang Chengzong University, Cao Huiqun recommended him to the Institute of Radium for scientific research.The director at the time was Zheng Dazhang. This Zheng Dazhang was a very knowledgeable and upright scientist. He had studied under the madam of the great science house and completed his doctorate with Madam Curie.
Yang Chengzong
Zheng Dazhang is both the leader of Yang Chengzong and his teacher. Zheng Dazhang likes Yang Chengzong, a diligent and upright young man, and Zheng Dazhang devoted himself to guiding and educating Yang Chengzong. Therefore, Yang Chengzong was grateful to Zheng Dazhang all his life. He once said: "Mr. Zheng is my enlightenment teacher. He not only taught me knowledge and skills, but also left me noble national integrity."
The nation mentioned by Yang Chengzong The integrity refers to that during the period of the Wang Puppet regime, Wang Jingwei once invited Zheng Dazhang to be the "Minister of Education" , but was flatly rejected by Mr. Zheng.
Mr. Zheng knew he could not stay in Peking, so he took all the members of the institute from Peking to Shanghai concession to continue the research and achieved major academic results, but this outstanding radiochemistry expert, He died of illness in 1941, at the age of 37.
In 1947, after the recommendation of Yan Jici, Yang Chengzong came to the University of Paris where Zheng Dazhang had studied. He entered the radium research institute of this university and studied under Irena Yorio- Ms. Curie is engaged in radiochemistry research, and this Irena is the daughter of Mrs. Curie. She also won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. Irena was undoubtedly the world's top radiochemistry at the time. Scientist.
Yang Chengzong has been engaged in research in this area in China. Under the guidance of Irena's tutor, his academic studies have been greatly improved.
Madame Curie and daughter Irena
1951,After Yang Chengzong finished his studies, he gladly accepted Qian Sanqiang's invitation, rejected the high-paying job offered to him by France, and returned to the poor and white motherland to participate in the motherland's scientific career.
When he returned to China, he served as the director of the Radiochemistry Laboratory of the Institute of Atomic Energy and concurrently as the director of the Radioisotope Application Laboratory.
In 1958, Yang Chengzong served as the head of the Department of Radiochemistry at University of Science and Technology of China , and concurrently as the head of the Department of Radiochemistry. In 1979, he was promoted to vice president of the University of Science and Technology. In 1980, he was appointed as the president of Hefei University.
In 2011, the founder of New China's radiochemistry career died of illness in Beijing, and he finished his glorious life at the age of 100.
Yang Chengzong's old man
Yang Chengzong's patriotic feelings
In 1951, Yang Chengzong completed his doctoral dissertation, and his dissertation received "excellent" evaluation results. I handed in a satisfactory answer for my studies.
While completing his studies, Yang Chengzong received two employment letters, one from the French National Scientific Research Center, and the employment letter clearly stated the employment benefits-'s annual salary of 550,000 francs , of course, There are other generous benefits.
Another letter of employment came from China and was written to him by Qian Sanqiang. In the letter, he was invited to return to China to participate in the construction of the motherland. The new China can give him a salary of only 1,000 jin of millet per month. According to this salary standard, Yang Chengzong has not been paid as high as a year in France during his entire working life.
After Yang Chengzong's doctoral dissertation was passed, Mrs. Joliot Curie clinked with her at the celebration
However, Yang Chengzong chose to return to China without hesitation.
Qian Sanqiang not only asked Yang Chengzong to return to China to participate in the construction of the motherland, but also made Yang Chengzong a request to buy scientific research equipment and academic books in France.
Yang Chengzong knows what our country lacks,He bought 8 boxes of books in one go, but the money sent by Qian Sanqiang was overspend long ago, so he took out all his savings and it was still not enough, so he borrowed a lot of money. In order to repay the loan, Yang Chengzong sold his beloved camera and watch.
Qian Sanqiang
Before leaving, Yang Chengzong made an "unreasonable request" to his tutor Irena. Yang Chengzong asked his teacher to allow him to use the only 10 grams of barium and radium carbonate standard source in the laboratory. brought it back to China. It was a unique treasure in the world. It was made by the teacher's mother, Madame Curie, and was an extremely precious specimen in the world at that time.
After careful consideration, Teacher Irena gave the precious specimen to Yang Chengzong. Yang Chengzong brought back the specimens to study in his country. In his later research, these 10 grams of specimens became the only real measurement objects that can be used for radiometric standard research in China.
In 1979, Yang Chengzong donated these 10 grams of specimens to the country.
Yang Chengzong brought so many babies back to China, he would definitely not be able to pass the checkpoint. Instructor Irene arranged for assistant Bouchers to escort all the way. Yang Chengzong's luggage was thus granted the privilege of exemption from inspection. He took these treasures on board the Marseille ship returning home.
Departing from France can be said to be a smooth journey, because China and France are not open to navigation, so you need to go to Hong Kong first, and then return to the mainland from Hong Kong. At that time, Hong Kong was still under the rule of the British. When the ship docked in Hong Kong and Yang Chengzong was about to carry his luggage and disembark, he heard a notice from the British police that all Chinese people must stay on board and wait for inspection.
Irena Yorio-Curie
Yang Chengzong was worried that the baby he brought back would be detained by the British, so he guarded his "luggage" and dared not leave for half a step. Although it is only one step away from the mainland, but here is under the control of the British, Yang Chengzong has an indescribable shame in his heart.
Soon several British police officers came and they ordered the Chinese who were with Yang Chengzong: "Follow us!" Yang Chengzong had to follow the British to a patrol boat .Yang Chengzong sat on the bow, wondering what fate was waiting for him.
Surprisingly, the ship took them aboard a Chinese ship named "Shimen" . Under the escort of these British policemen, Yang Chengzong successfully boarded the "Shimen". The motherland opened its warm embrace to him.
In Hong Kong, it can be said that there are no dangers, but Yang Chengzong is very uncomfortable. The ugly manner of the British giving orders on Chinese soil is unforgettable for Yang Chengzong, which further strengthened his determination to dedicate his life to the scientific cause of the motherland.
Yang Chengzong's professionalism
Yang Chengzong loves his motherland and his radiochemistry major. Here is how much he loves his major. Here is one thing that can be seen from it.
Yang Chengzong (first from right), Yan Jici, Ma Dayou, Wu Wenjun
Peking Union Medical College Hospital, before the War of Resistance, out of medical needs, he bought a little radium from the United States with the "Geng Fund", only 507 mg This part of radium was sealed and stored in a glass container. For safety reasons, the hospital put this glass container in a safe and locked it.
During the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese occupied Beijing, and the evil Japanese destroyed the device. There is a strong radiation gas radon in the glass container. In the sealed state, there is still concern about gas diffusion. After the device is destroyed, the radon inside is likely to leak, causing serious harm to the environment and people.
What is even more hateful is that the Japanese not only broke the glass tube, but also passed the rubber tube connecting the glass tube to the top. You know, Xiehe is a hospital full of patients, as well as many doctors and nurses. What a safety hazard this is.
The leaders of the hospital are desperate, they want someone to solve this problem. But for such a highly professional problem, who should I find to solve it? Yang Chengzong was in charge of this matter again. Yang Chengzong received this invitation and immediately took two students and a glazier to the hospital for inspection.
Follow the instructions of the hospital leaders,Yang Chengzong pushed open the door of a basement. The basement was very quiet. He knew that even if the radium device was not destroyed, this room would not be safe. But now that the device is clearly destroyed, the degree of danger in the room can be imagined.
Yang Chengzong
At that time, we had neither special protective clothing, nor special gloves and masks. That is to say, Yang Chengzong did not have the slightest protection tools, so he exposed himself naked to radium radiation. In the environment, he, as an expert in this field, knows this point better than anyone else.
In the face of danger, Yang Chengzong first thought of the students who came with him. He did not allow female students to touch the most dangerous safe, and after opening the safe, he replaced the glazier with blowing air.
With rich experience and boldness, Yang Chengzong finally completed the work of adding water and sealing, and the hospital in a dangerous state was finally safe. However, during the operation, Yang Chengzong's right eye was exposed to radon radiation and was severely damaged. .
Ten years later, Yang Chengzong's right eye was blinded by a retinal detachment. Yang Chengzong sacrificed an eye for the safety of others, and the importance of the eye to a scientist needless to say.
Old photos of Yang Chengzong
Deliver important information
On the eve of Yang Chengzong Xuecheng's return from France, his tutor Ms. Irena’s husband and Mr. Jolio Curie , I heard that his wife’s Chinese student Yang Chengzong was about to return to China and met with Yang Chengzong specially.
Joliot Curie is also an expert in radiochemistry. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with his wife Irena in 1935. In addition, Yorio was also a social activist, and he served as the chairman of the World Peace Committee .
Yolio Curie said to Yang Chengzong: "Please tell Mao Zedong,New China insists on peaceful diplomacy, which our husband and wife appreciate very much. But if China wants to defend peace, it must have capital. Therefore, China must manufacture its own nuclear bombs. Only with nuclear bombs can it better maintain world peace. Although the United States has nuclear bombs, the United States does not have a monopoly on nuclear technology. Chinese scientists can build nuclear bombs on their own.
Jolio-Curie couple
After Yang Chengzong returned to China, he gave Qian Sanqiang the words of and Jolio·Curie first. Qian Sanqiang felt that this message was too important. It was passed on to Chairman Mao. Later, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee, China quickly organized a team to engage in nuclear bombs. Obviously, it had a lot to do with the inspiration of Joliot Curie.
Joliot Curie was a Westerner, Special understanding and special concern for New China fully show that not all Westerners have prejudice against us.
Mr. Yang Chengzong passed away on May 27, 2011. He has been away from us for 10 years, but he left for China With precious wealth, Mr. Yang Chengzong has trained a large number of experts in radiochemistry, and now they have become the backbone of this field; Yang Chengzong's selfless dedication and determination to serve the country will also be passed on from generation to generation.
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