was the prestigious ticket number "Tian Shunxiang" in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition to the "money king" Wang Chi who was in the limelight, his arm "Southwest Giant" Li Yaoting also played in it Played an important role.
▲Li Yaoting [Picture Source Network]
1span Li Yaoting and his original name 1span Li Yaoting 25_span 1span Li Yaoting 25_span 1span Li Yaoting 25_span strong22 strong Ting was born in En'an County, Zhaotong Prefecture, Yunnan Province (now Zhaoyang District, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province). Born in the seventeenth year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1837), on the 25th of the old calendar, he died in the first year of the Republic of China (1912) at the age of 75.
grandfather heir Zhang, accumulated learning is not obvious. Father Hongtai specializes in power farming; mother Chi’s family is from Chijiaping, Ludian. Seven brothers, named Qirong (ie Zhengrong), Qihua, Qifu, Qigui, Qixian, Qigang, and Qifang, Zhengrong lived long, and his second brother Qihua died of the epidemic during the war. eighteen.
Li Yaoting first married the Huang clan, then the Dong clan, and then the Xu clan. The three sons and three daughters under his knees were all from the Dong clan. Among them, the eldest son Tiaoyang died early when he was ten years old, and his second son Li Zhanyang, his third son Li and [hé] Yang all studied in Japan, all of whom were famous.
▲Li Heyang [Tuyuan Network]
Although the Li family is poor,However, Li Hongtai still urged the school teacher to strictly discipline and supervise the seven brothers. Therefore, Li Yaoting has also read books for several years, knowing the words roughly. " (as the eldest son) was engaged in farming with his father due to family embarrassment. At that time, the Qing court was corrupt, social turmoil, frequent wars, business travellers, and people did not have a living.
p0 For seven years, this life of male farming and female weaving could not continue. Due to war, famine, and plague, his grandparents, father, aunt, wife, and second brother died one after another. The remaining survivors can only survive hard. The eldest brother is like a father, and the burden of family life is on his shoulders.
Hometown: Li Yaoting in the chaos of war
can only go in and out during the war. Take risks and make a living in a small business.
According to the introduction of "Southwestern Industrial and Commercial Giant Li Yaoting", " borrowed three thousand dollars from relatives and friends to buy leaf cigarettes from the car news, and detoured to Yongguo Shuzhi . After the sale, I bought the salt and sold it back to the bottom of the river. Each round trip was more than 300 miles, which lasted more than 20 days, and the profit could be several times. "This should be the beginning of Li Yaoting's business.
During the Hui uprising,In order to avoid the war, the locals took refuge in the fairy cave. It's okay to escape for a while, and the cave is damp, so you shouldn't live for a long time. For this reason, in the second year of Tongzhi (1863), Li Yaoting and Dongju villagers agreed: choose a place that is easy to defend near Xianrendong to establish a village, purchase weapons, and practice military self-defense. After the village was built, it was named "Songbaiying", and it has since become known as the township.
Tongzhi For four years, Li Yaoting entered Wuxu [xiáng] (namely Wuxue Tang) in Xiongzhou, Zhenxi. In the autumn of the same year, Tao Sanchun and others of Zhugongqing (place name) in Bijie, Guizhou, led the local Miao people to invade Zhenxiongzhou, Yunnan Province and other places adjacent to it. When the news reached the provincial capital, Cen Yuying , then the chief ambassador of Yunnan Province, was ordered to conquer, led the army to Zhaotong, and ordered all states and counties to cooperate and order Songbaiying to march.
Li Yaoting led a team to go and join Cen Jun. Cen Yuying was deeply impressed by his military appearance. After the chaos was settled, Li Yaoting used his merits to protect the official Dusi, rewarded Hualing , and then used other merits to reform and protect the sub-province to re-appoint the prefect and add the same title.
In the spring of the fifth year of Tongzhi, the central Yunnan giant Wanwangchi transported dozens of Pu'er tea and ham from Kunming to Sichuan, and more than 30 people were escorted by armed forces. On the way, stay overnight at the Taoyuan of Ludian , , two spears were stolen. For this reason, Wang was very angry and visited Li Yaoting for help with a gift card.
▲Li Yaoting Chongqing Old House-Bu Fengju [Picture Source Network]
After meeting, Wang explained his intentions, and Li Kairan promised to retrieve the lost original. The two admire each other and they are very close to each other, so that Li Wang becomes a lifelong friend, like a golden orchid.
After the two became close friends, Wang Chi urged Li Yaoting to abandon the army and go into business. He believed that: no matter if you are an official or a business, you can be a man; and the officialdom is complicated and it is difficult to retreat. It is better to retreat to business. Under Wang Chi's persuasion, Li Yaoting, who had previously tasted the sweetness of business, also sensed the sinister situation in his organs, so he followed it.
Li Yaoting and "Tian Shunxiang"
In the 6th year of Guangxu (1880), the company Rongmao took a loss. Wang Chisui invited Li Yaoting to join Tianshunxiang, and said: " entered the company without silver in the former Xi Maozhi, Kong Xiaogang, Yu Xianjian, etc., and each of the others was divided into 10 shares of manpower dividend. . Now my brother entered the number, and no bank joined the company, and the brother’s manpower dividend is still divided into 10 shares. ”
Xi Maozhi and others are Tian Shunxiang’s old shareholders, and Tian Shunxiang has been in business for 15 years and has considerable scale. From this, it can also be seen that Wang Chi attaches importance to and recognizes Li Yaoting.
After changing the courtyard, Li Yaoting went to Hankou, Shanghai and other cities to learn about local customs and investigate business conditions. Soon, Wang Chi returned to Yunnan for his mother's funeral. At this time, it was also the time of Dian to be in charge of the death. Wang Chi was in Kunming. With Dian as the general number and Yu as the semicolon, he appointed Li Yaoting as the steward of Yu and manages affairs.
where the steward and secretary in other cities,After the dispatch of the Kunming Headquarters, they should first go to Chongqing to meet with Li Yaoting and listen to his plans and deployments before taking up his post; moreover, information announcements and major decisions are issued by Yuhao secret letter. In fact, Yuhao has become the business center of Tianshunxiang, and Li Yaoting is the actual operator and manager of Tianshunxiang.
Tian Shunxiang was originally a trading company. Due to social development and the needs of the situation, Li Yaoting gradually operated exchange, deposit, release and ticket number business in response to the situation. During the reign of Guangxu, Tianshun auspicious flourished, the head office was located in Kunming, the business center was in Chongqing, and the branch offices were located in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hankou, Xi'an, Nanjing and other places, covering 15 provinces. In addition, Tian Shunxiang also has a semicolon in Hong Kong and an agency in Haiphong, Vietnam.
At that time, Yin Tangjiong of East Sichuan Province supervised the foreign affairs of Sichuan Province, and there was an urgent need for one hundred thousand taels of silver, and the Qing court was unable to deliver it for a while. The major firms and ticket numbers in Chongqing also feel weak. At this time, Wang Chi and Li Yaoting raised one hundred thousand liang of silver within ten days, hired 100 porters, dressed in gowns with the words "Tian Shunxiang", and escorted them to Daoyin Yamen by Wang Chi himself, which was not without a sensation.
Since then, with the support of the government and a good commercial reputation, Tian Shunxiang has expanded its business such as military payment, food payment, government payment, and Dingfu. During the Gengzi Rebellion, Cixi fled to the west. Tian Shunxiang also made friends with the princes and became famous for a while.
Li Yaoting towards the modern age
In addition to capital operations, Li Yaoting also started some national industries.
25th year of Guangxu,Li Yaoting hired experts to explore oil and gas in Sichuan, sent people to Japan to study oil extraction technology, and set up a Shunchang company to drill oil wells in Pengxi, Sichuan to extract oil, and the operation was quite effective.
In the 32nd year of Guangxu, Li Yaoting's 70th birthday, the Li family bought a 100-kilowatt steam DC generator from Shanghai and installed it on the Shoutang and the stage. This is likely to be the first light in Chongqing.
In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, Li Yaoting invested, and his second son Li Zhanyang came forward and cooperated with others to start the Zhuchuan Electric Light Company. In addition, he also invested in Chuanjiang Shipping Company and opened a Tongchuan brocade and silk factory in Chongqing.
In the 29th year of Guangxu, Wang Chi, Li Yaoting's most important business partner, passed away. Tian Shunxiang was inherited by his son Wang Hongtu. In fact, when Wang Chi was alive, Tianshunxiang faintly began to go downhill, and even worse after his death.
With the invasion of Western colonists and capital, emerging financial institutions have been established, and Tian Shunxiang’s business has plummeted.
In the third year of Xuantong (1911), Tian Shunxiang closed business, and Li Yaoting also retired.
In the same year, Li Zhanyang, Li Heyang brothers built a private residence garden in Chongqing, which is now Elling Park . The Li Family Garden, also known as "Li Yuan", is a gift from Li Yaoting's two sons to the old father.
▲Chongqing Eling Park [Picture Source Network]
The second year,In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Li Yaoting's life came to an end. This ceremony garden also "made wedding dresses for others." During the Republic of China, dignitaries Chiang Kai-shek , Song Meiling , Feng Yuxiang and foreign envoys lived in the ritual garden and became one of the centers of the Republic of China government.
Li Yaoting once relied on the power of the Qing court to rise up as a "Southwestern Giant", but his family and the revolutionary party members' "dark tunes" cannot be ignored.
The second son, Li Zhanyang, graduated from the Japanese police school, followed Sun Yat-sen in his early years, was the backbone of the Tongmenghui, and served as the Minister of Finance of the Chongqing Shu Army Government. The third son, Li Heyang, studied in Japan and met Sun Yat-sen.
Li Yaoting's personal political views are still unknown. When Song Yuren went to Chongqing to set up "Yu Bao" to promote new ideas, Li Yaoting donated his support. However, it is said that he is also a reformist.
As a businessman, Li Yaoting was inevitably implicated by political changes. On the one hand, he wanted to " protect the situation " and " 4span4 and 1span4 and 4 and 1span4 and 1span4 and 1. ; On the one hand, he did not oppose the close exchanges between his two sons and the Revolutionaries. In the face of the general trend of history, he followed suit and practiced towards modernity.
Li Yaoting and Zhaotong
Li Yaoting ancestor Zhaotong,And he lived in Zhaotong before the age of 30, and he is a native of Zhaotong.
In the eyes of William Edgar Gallo, " Zhaotong is a major trading center in Sichuan Province. Cloth and salt are the main imported commodities. Medicinal materials, honey and brass are the main export commodities. ". At the same time, in the view of Jiang Liangfu , " Zhaotong's agriculture is only available for subsistence ", which is a place where " is business-centric ".
Therefore, Li Yaoting's outings are probably not an exception in Zhaoren. Due to the relocation of the land, most businessmen will still choose to return to their hometown after making a profit, and Li Yaoting is no exception.
In 1908, Li Yaoting built the Li family shrine in his hometown in Zhaotong. In the eighteenth year of Guangxu before that, Zhaotong suffered a severe drought and later a flood, and the people lived in hardship.
▲The top view of the Li family shrine [source "Zhaotong Cultural Relics and Historic Sites") ▲The top view of Li family shrine [source "Zhaotong Cultural Relics and Historic Sites"]
_span_span 1 Thousands of cotton-padded clothes, 500 taels of silver, and 500 taels of cash donated "; after that, " was raised in Chongqing.The re-initiated donation of four hundred taels of silver "; it coincided with the " hail disaster in the hall, and another two hundred taels of silver was donated; I also donated four hundred taels of accumulated grain silver ." Li Yaoting totaled five. Donated two thousand taels of silver for the second time, and donated more than 10,000 gold in the middle of Sichuan.
Even Long Wen, the magistrate of Zhaotong County, said: " seems to be good and benevolent, happy and tireless. , Xun is incomparable for the co-ownership. ”
and Li Yaoting’s friendship with his hometown was not broken after his death.
_1span (span_1span, 19 years old) Dian Huizhao, because of the construction of the ancestral hall, the ceremony was not held, and when there was a big starvation at that time, he went to the comrade Xie Wenying and other fundraising and relief work in detail. ”
Also in this year, after Zhaotong students clashed with the garrison Jiang Guangliang, the garrison arrested the two teachers of Zhaotong Middle School Dai Renfu and Liu Taoan. In order to resolve the conflict, the principal Mr. Jiang Simin (Jiang Liang) The fourth uncle) secretly ran to Kunming to file a complaint, and the garrison arrested Jiang Sixiao (Uncle Jiang Liangfu).
According to Jiang Liangfu’s memory: " At this time, Jiang Sijing (the second uncle Jiang Liangfu) was the only one in Jiang’s family. , His father (Jiang Sirang) was not at home teaching in Chongqing,Except for the second uncle, the oldest man in the family is me. (I) As the eldest grandson, I had to contact the gentry everywhere. So every night I went to the gentry in Zhaotong, and later I found out about Li Jinfeng (that is, Li Zhanyang, the word for Jinfeng). Li Jinfeng is the largest bureaucrat in the field in Zhaotong. He was a member of parliament, and he was the famous big name Tianshun. Boss Xiang's eldest son is very powerful. He returned to Zhaotong to worship his ancestors, but he had to go to the (Li's Ancestral Hall) to ask him for help. ”
▲ Jiang Liangfu [Tuyuan Network]
Jiang Liangfu was fifteen or six years old, and he was no longer a minor, and he was no longer a local student who was too important to lead; The movement has a better understanding of the local situation in Zhaotong. In summary, its judgment on the power of the Li family should be true. The legend of Tian Shunxiang is still circulating.
Reference:
[1] Li Zhengrong: "The Genealogy of En'an Li Family", 34th year of the Qing Dynasty This.
[2] Lu Jinxi: (Republic of China) "Zhaotong County Chronicles" Volume 7 2b-3a, the 27th year of the Republic of China, printed copy of Zhaotong Xinmin Publishing House. :
"Southwestern business giant Li Yaoting", "Selected Works of Zhaotong Literature and History", ninth series.
[4] Jiang Liangfu: "Memoirs","The Complete Works of Jiang Liangfu" Volume 24, Kunming: Yunnan People's Publishing House, 2002.
[5] Deng Youping. The richest private man in Chongqing in modern times [J]. Chongqing and the World, 2013(03): 82-85
.
