"When the officials of the Ming Dynasty came out of Lari's house, they had to order an insider first. The Uighur clothes and horses were put on, and they were called small waists." This poem is " Gongci " written by Mrs. Huarui in the Tang Dynasty. Mentioned the "Uyghur", which appeared frequently in the history of the middle and late Tang Dynasty. But we are a little unfamiliar with the Uighur, after all, it is not as famous as the Huns, Turks, Jurchens, and Mongolia.
However, the Uyghurs are still an important ethnic group in Chinese history, and their descendants are also members of the Chinese family today. Today we will take a look at the history of the Uyghurs.
The origin of the Uighur people, some people think they are the Dingling people who once lived in the north of the Xiongnu, and some people think that they are a branch of the Xiongnu, but all in all, the ancestors of the Uighur people are also one of the ancient ethnic groups in my country.
From the 4th century AD, the Uighur officially appeared in Chinese historical records. At that time, the translated name was Yuan He, and later it was called Wei He and Wu He. During the Tang Dynasty, it was called
The Uighur was originally a nomadic tribe. They live by water and grass, and are active in the basins of the Xian'e River (now the Selenge River in Mongolia), the Kun River (now the Orkhon River in Mongolia) and the Duluo River (now the Tula River ).
Actually, there are nine tribes in Huihe, usually called Neijiu tribe, collectively referred to as nine surnames Huihe. In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, the Huihe Department formed an alliance with the Pugu, Hun, Bayegu, Tongluo, Sijie and other departments, and later absorbed the Qibi Department. Two, usually called Wai Jiu Bu, also known as Jiuxing Tie Le.
The Huihe people originally did not have a fixed chief , which is more primitive than the Turkic people.To the south of their lived the powerful East Turkic tribe, who forced the Uyghurs to be herders and exploited them cruelly, and the nearby Xue Yantuo tribe often came to harass them.
In order to get rid of such a fate of being bullied, the Huihe people discussed to promote a person named Yao Luoge Bodhisattva from the tribe of nine surnames as the leader. Medicine Luoge Bodhisattva is shrewd and strong, brave and good at fighting, he led the tribe and assisted the Tang Dynasty Li Jing in attacking and destroying the East Turks. However, with the coordination of the Tang Dynasty general Li Jing, he finally overthrew the East Turkic rule. Unfortunately, the Xueyantuo people replaced the East Turks and continued to rule the Uighurs, and at this time, the medicine Luoge Bodhisattva died. Everyone elected the son of the Bodhisattva, Tumidu, as the leader. Since then, the Yaoluoge tribe has become the hereditary leader of the Hui Dynasty.
Chief Tumidu was an outstanding statesman in the history of the Huihe. He judged the situation and knew that the Huihe alone could not defeat Xue Yantuo. To defeat Xue Yantuo, they could only rely on the power of the Tang Dynasty. In the end, the Tang general Li Ji sent troops to attack and destroy Xue Yantuo, and the Huihe people finally ushered in their own era.
In 646 AD, Tumidu called himself a khan, and set up officials according to the Turkic Khanate. But he was worried that his rule would not be stable, so he led the various ministries of Huihe to meet Tang Taizong, and asked the Tang Dynasty to send officials to govern the Huihe domain.
Tang Taizong granted their request. In the central area where the Uyghur lived at that time, according to the administrative division system of the Tang Dynasty, six prefectures and seven prefectures were established. At the same time, the Tang Dynasty also appointed Tu Midu as the Governor of the Hanhai Governor's Office, the general of the Tang Dynasty Huaihua.
The surrender of the Huihe people made Tang Taizong very happy, so he held a banquet and rewarded the leaders of the Huihe tribes. The leaders of the Huihe said : "Since we have all become citizens of the Tang Dynasty, see Tian Khan for our contacts. It is like visiting our parents. We would like to submit to the Tang Dynasty from generation to generation." Tang Taizong agreed with them. He ordered 68 post stations to be set up from Yuquan in Monan to the north, each with and . From then on, the exchanges between the Tang Dynasty and the Huihe became more intensive.
Tumidu was an outstanding leader of the Huihe, and it was he who promoted the political trend of the Huihe close to the Tang Dynasty, which was the correct choice to make the Huihe grow stronger. After Tumidu's son Porun succeeded to the throne, the Tang Dynasty appointed him the General of Youwei and the Governor of Hanhai.
In AD 651, Porun also dispatched 50,000 troops to assist the Tang Dynasty in quelling the rebellion of the Western Turkic Khans Ashina Helu. The friendly relationship between the Huihe and the Tang Dynasty continued. Later, a leader named Guli Peiluo appeared in the Huihe. During his reign, he successively conquered Xi, Khitan, Xigas , and Ge Luolu in the east. and other tribes, established Huihe Khanate .
htmlIn 1744, Guli Pei Luo officially accepted the canonization of the Tang Dynasty for the Khan of Huairen. In 755 AD, a war that turned from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty - the An-Shi Rebellion broke out, the rebels captured Chang'an, and Tang Xuanzong even fled. At this time, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu, and the Huihe Khan Gele immediately sent messengers to Lingwu to ask for help in the pacification of the Anshi Rebellion.
Two years later, when Tang general Guo Ziyi planned to retake Chang'an, Geler Khan sent his son Ye Hu and general Di De to lead 5,000 elite troops and 10,000 horses to assist Guo Ziyi.Huihe, under the leadership of Tang Dynasty general Pugu Wynn , made great contributions in this battle.
However, although Tang Jun and the Huihe people joined forces to regain Chang'an. However, after the Huihe people entered Chang'an, they looted for three days. What happened? It turned out that Tang Suzong was eager to regain Chang'an, and even sacrificed the interests of the people of Chang'an City in exchange for the return of the people of Hehe.
It can be said that the Huihe people are not like other brutal nomads in Chinese history. The relationship between the Huihe Khanate and the Tang Dynasty was very close, and the relationship between the two sides was very friendly, but it was the act of looting Chang'an that made the Huihe people in An infamous page was left in the history books.
In 788 AD, the Huihe people changed their clan name to "Uighur" with the consent of the Tang Dynasty government. The meaning is "quick and falcon", which means to be as brave as a falcon.
Since then, the word "Huihu" has disappeared in the long river of history, and it has been replaced by "huihu ". There are also many deeds in this period of the Uighur, we will leave it in the next article.
